On the Composition of Airborne Particles Influenced by Emissions of the Volcano Popocatépetl in Mexico     

Jiménez  J. C.  Raga  G. B.  Baumgardner  D.  Castro  T.  Rosas  I.  Báez  A.  Morton  O. 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):21-37

A 17-day field campaign was carried out in April–May 1999 to determine thecontribution that gaseous volcanic emissions make to the compositionof solid particles,particularly to the presence and quantity of sulfates. Theexperimental site was located inTonantzintla (in the State of Puebla), only 30 km E from the volcanoPopocatépetl, whichhas been in an active phase since the end of 1993. An analysis ofthe carbon monoxide(CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the ambient air identifiedvolcanic influence in 6 out ofthe 17 days sampled. Particles collected in an 8-stage cascadeimpactor were analyzed for inorganic ions (by liquid chromatography).A non-parametric test indicates asignificant difference on the total particle mass and thesulfate fraction between days withand without volcanic influence. This difference was predominantlyobserved in the stages that collect the smaller particles. Windsat 500 mb (roughly corresponding to thesummit of the volcano) indicate a westerly transport from thevolcano to the experimentalsite, even though surface winds do not show a clear signal ofsuch a transport. Back trajectories from the experimental site werecalculated and clearly indicated that air parcels on the daysindependently identified as with volcanic influence had indeed passed over the volcano.  相似文献   

软钾镁矾溶解动力学Ⅰ:对K~ ,Mg~(2 )/SO_4~(2-)—H_2O三元体系的研究(50-75℃)     

宋粤华  夏树屏 《盐湖研究》1998,(1)

前言青藏高原的诸多盐湖中存在大量的钾、钠、镁复盐,如KCI和KSO。这两种钾肥可以由盐湖中所含的钾钱复盐光卤石和软钾镁矾（K。SO。·MgSO。·sH刀）在水中溶解制得,因此,有必要对复盐溶解过程进行系统的研究,夏树屏等人‘’,‘’已对复盐氯碳酸镁和氯柱硼镁石等的溶解转化机理和动力学进行了较为详细的研究,解决了不同类型复盐的研究方法和数据处理方法。德国和独联体两国的学者对钾光卤石固体盐矿的工艺及基础研究曾进行过不少的工作H．H．Emons和HVo…等‘”对钾光卤石的天然单晶和压块光卤石不同条件下的溶解速度常数及…  相似文献   

热泉热液金矿化中嗜热微生物——有机质的地球化学作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘海祥  陆元法 《矿物岩石》1998,18(3):45-50

本文主要通过对热泉热液金成矿过程中的热泉水化学成分和组分的分析,得出泉水中金与氮磷硫、氟硅碳两组组分有很好的相关性。嗜热硫酸盐还原菌能使［Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２］－和［Ａｕ（Ｓ２Ｏ３）２］３－都氧化还原成硫化物,从而使金由热水溶液中沉淀。热泉沉积软泥的有机质中的含硫氨基酸、含硫芳烃也起到了一定的聚金作用。  相似文献   

碘酸钡置换碘-四氯化碳萃取光度法测定矿物气液包裹体中微量SO_4~(2-)     

沈友 《矿物岩石》1998,(2)

本文根据碘酸钡与矿物气液包裹体中ＳＯ２－４交换反应析出的碘酸根与碘化镉反应析出碘,采用碘－四氯化碳萃取光度法间接测定ＳＯ２－４,取得了较为满意的结果。  相似文献   

钛白副产绿矾生产聚合硫酸铁的研究     

熊国宣  张展适 《华东地质学院学报》1998,21(4):350-356

本文以钛白副产品绿矾为原料,氧化后,加入聚合剂生产聚合硫酸铁。  相似文献   

Biological and environmental changes in Lake Baikal during the late Quaternary inferred from carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotopes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Watanabe  H Naraoka  T Kawai 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):285-299

An 8-m continuous sediment core, approximately 250-ky-old at the bottom, from Academician Ridge in Lake Baikal, has been analyzed for the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, in order to study the paleoclimatic and paleobiological changes that occurred in the Eurasian continental interior. These isotopic changes are closely related to changes in vertical lake-water circulation between glacial and interglacial periods. Sedimentary organic carbon in cool periods is more enriched in ¹³C (−23.8‰ on average) than that in warm periods (−27.0‰ on average). The ¹³C-enrichment of organic carbon suggests a decrease of land-derived organic matter influx to the lake, less precipitation, and loss of terrestrial vegetation around Lake Baikal in cool periods. Pyrite in high total sulfur/total organic carbon (TS/TOC) layers shows strong depletion in ³⁴S (−20.8‰ to −32.4‰) during climate transitions from glacial to interglacial periods at the beginning of oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 1, 5 and 7. The ³⁴S-depleted pyrite indicates augmentation of dissimilatory sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) at the sediment-water interface. Enhancement of aqueous sulfate concentrations and limitation of oxygen circulation to the surface sediments might also occur in the climate transition periods. The δ¹⁵N values of total nitrogen increase abruptly by ∼2‰ just after the δ³⁴S negative peaks, which may result from low nutrient concentrations in the euphotic zone associated with water circulation changes in Lake Baikal.  相似文献   

广州夏季硫酸盐巨粒子的分布特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

吴兑  甘春铃  何应昌 《气象》1995,21(3):44-46

作者分析了１９８７年８－９月广州观的硫酸盐巨粒子资料，主要结果是：（１）干直径大于２μｍ的硫酸盐巨粒了平均浓度１．２个．Ｌ＾－１，平均含盐量３．０μｇ．ｍ＾－３，其中干直径大于４μｍ的特大粒子平均为０．６个．Ｌ＾－１，均低于南海西沙永兴岛的结果。（２）浓度谱是典型的准单调下降型幂函数递减谱，其谱型参数与永贪的结果甚为接近；质量谱在单对数坐标中为较为平直的分布，表明各谱段粒子对含盐量均有贡献。（２）  相似文献   

硫酸钡的氧硫同位素分析方法及有关数据的地质应用实例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵瑞  沈延安 《岩石学报》1995,11(3):320-324

碳粉在高温条件下可还原硫酸钡，使其氧转入ＣＯ２及ＣＯ气体中。此ＣＯ气体在高温镍金属的催化作用下，可转化为ＣＯ２气体。两种ＣＯ２合并后，可用质谱计分析其氧同位素组成。此组成便是硫酸钡的δ（１８）Ｏ值。水体硫酸根的氧、硫同位素值在水环境研究中大有用处。例如，三山岛金矿矿井水中硫酸根的氧、硫同位素数据表明，此水是地下水及海水的混合产物。这就为矿井排水工程的设计提供出某种信息。  相似文献   

Trace elements in aerosol particles from Bermuda and Barbados: Concentrations,sources and relationships to aerosol sulfate   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

R. Arimoto  R. A. Duce  D. L. Savoie  J. M. Prospero 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):439-457

The concentrations of selected trace elements and non-sea salt sulfate were determined for aerosol particle samples collected over the open North Atlantic Ocean as part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE). The concentrations of atmospheric sea salt and mineral aerosol, which together dominate the mass of particulate material in the atmosphere, were higher at Barbados than at Bermuda. In contrast, the impact of pollution sources on trace element concentrations was more evident at Bermuda than at Barbados. At both sites Sb and Se were enriched significantly over the concentrations expected from mineral dust or from atmospheric sea salt. Moreover, the concentrations of Sb and Se were correlated, and the observed Sb/Se ratios often were similar to those resulting from anthropogenic emissions. At Bermuda, the concentrations of Sb and Se co-varied with non-sea salt sulfate, suggesting that a significant fraction of the non-sea salt sulfate is anthropogenic. In a broader context, the synthesis of results demonstrates that trace element data are useful for evaluating the relative contributions of anthropogenic vs. natural sources to the budgets of non-sea salt sulfate in acrosol particles.  相似文献   

云下雨滴蒸发产生硫酸盐气溶胶速率的研究     

刘小红  任传森  王明康 《大气科学》1994,18(3):348-357

云下雨滴蒸发是雨滴下降过程中重要的物理过程，特别是当云下相对湿度较低时更为明显。本文建立了考虑雨滴蒸发的云下雨水酸化的物理化学模式，用以研究云下雨滴蒸发作用对各种大小雨滴及雨水酸化的影响，并估算了由于小雨滴的完全蒸发进入到大气中的硫酸盐气溶胶的生成速率。计算结果表明:这种小雨滴的完全蒸发使雨滴内化学反应生成的硫酸盐结晶进入大气，在降水初期云下相对湿度较小时，形成硫酸盐气溶胶的速率可达1% h-1，与气粒转化速率相当。  相似文献