Modelling of the propagation of passive impurities in Sevastopol bays     

É. N. Mikhailova  N. B. Shapiro  S. A. Yushchenko 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(3):233-247

We discuss the results of numerical experiments modelling the process of propagation of passive impurities from the Karantinnaya Bay caused by steady wind currents and turbulent diffusion. The currents are computed according to the Felzenbaum model for the cases of northeast and north-west winds [1, 2]. We analyse specific features of the space and time distribution of the impurities caused by the three-dimensional character of the currents. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

Model of the Tropical Atlantic incorporating the upper mixed layer     

E. N. Mikhailova  N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》1990,1(4):253-262

We present a multilayer ocean model incorporating a non-local integral model of the upper mixed layer (UML). In the framework of a three-layer Tropical Atlantic model, we study the model's response to various closure hypotheses for heat fluxes at the UML lower boundary.Translated by V. Puchkin.  相似文献   

Simulation of the Seasonal Variability of Hydrothermodynamical Fields in Lake Kinneret     

Ivanov  V. A.  Lyubartseva  S. P.  Mikhailova  É. N.  Shapiro  N. B.  Shteinman  B. S. 《Physical Oceanography》2002,12(2):65-87

We discuss the results of a numerical experiment devoted to the investigation of the variability of the three-dimensional fields of temperature and current velocity brought about by the seasonal variability of external factors: solar radiation, atmospheric fields, discharge of the river Jordan, and water intake for economic necessities. We use a multilayer model in isopycnic coordinates with an upper mixed layer. We set atmospheric factors in the form of monthly average fields that are uniform over space and linearly interpolated in time. We compare the computed fields of heat flux and evaporation through the lake surface, level, temperature, and currents with data of observations. We note a qualitative agreement of temperature fields during the whole year and current velocities in winter when the lake is, in fact, barotropic. In summer when the lake is stratified, currents in the model turn out to be weaker than in observations.  相似文献   

Model of the Dead Sea. Simulation of the Variability of the Thermohaline Water Structure in 1992–2000     

V. A. Ivanov  S. P. Lyubartseva  É. N. Mikhailova  N. B. Shapiro  I. Gertman 《Physical Oceanography》2002,12(5):237-256

Within the framework of the integral model in isopycnic coordinates including the upper mixed layer, we study the rearrangement of temperature and salinity fields in the Dead Sea. It is forced by the variability of atmospheric factors and mass fluxes through the lateral boundaries of the basin, which are connected with the freshwater run-off to the sea and the outflow from the sea to the shallow south bay, where evaporator installations for salt extraction are located. Such factors as solar radiation, wind velocity, air temperature, and relative humidity are prescribed. Evaporation is calculated with the use of a bulk formula, whereas precipitation intensity and discharge through the lateral boundaries are determined as functions of the sea level obtained from observations. This model reflects the specific character of the Dead Sea and takes into account the effect of water salinity on its evaporation, salt concretion, and mechanical evaporation. Comparison with the data of observations shows that the proposed model fairly precisely describes the observed specific features of the thermohaline water structure in the meromictic (1992–1996) and holomictic (1996–2000) periods.  相似文献   

Effect of the Southern Oscillation on the Variability of the Surface Temperature and Pressure in the Atlantic-European Region in Spring     

Polonskii  A. B.  Voskresenskaya  E. N.  Basharin  D. V.  Mikhailova  N. V. 《Physical Oceanography》2003,13(3):171-182

On the basis of reanalysis of the data of the European Center of Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 1979–1993, we study the relationship between the interannual and intramonthly variability of the fields of surface temperature and pressure in the Atlantic-European region and the Southern Oscillation (SO). In spring, the SO is responsible for 25% of the variance of surface temperature for periods of 8–30 days in the east part of Europe and in the Mediterranean region. In this case, the zonal circulation over the North Atlantic is intensified, which manifests itself in the deepening of the Iceland Low and Azores High. For low indices of SO, 8–15-day temperature fluctuations are predominant over the Black-Sea region. At the same time, 3–4-week fluctuations are predominant over West Mediterranean. An important role in the formation of abnormal temperature conditions in the analyzed region is payed by the events of La Niño.  相似文献   

Thunderstorm activity dynamics during hurricanes     

Yu. M. Mikhailova  G. I. Druzhin  G. A. Mikhailova  O. V. Kapustina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(6):783-795

Results of studying the thunderstorm activity dynamics during the Pacific hurricanes in August and October 2001, using broadband recording of the time forms of atmospherics on Kamchatka, have been presented. The number of atmospherics per minute at simultaneously determined azimuths of their sources has been used as an example of thunderstorm activity. An analysis of data processing results has indicated (a) in the absence of hurricanes, the maximal atmospheric flux level (10 ± 4 pulse/min) was observed at night, and the daylight level was 3 ± 1 pulse/min; (b) thunderstorm activity increases at the stage of tropical depression regardless of depression development into hurricane; in this case the flux of atmospherics can increase to 250 pulse/min at night and can be widely variable (5–100 pulse/min) in daytime; (c) in the sate of hurricane maturity, the thunderstorm activity level is not higher than the background level. It has been indicated that IGWs in the Earth’s atmosphere and the lower ionosphere are caused by lightning strokes accompanied by shock waves during expansion of the lighning channel. The results obtained are of interest in studying anomalous effects in the natural electromagnetic field in the VLF band during increased seismic activity on Kamchatka.  相似文献   

Artur Khasenbekovich Kagarmanov (1934–2005)     

B. S. Sokolov  A. I. Zhamoida  M. A. Ivanov  L. I. Krasnyi  A. S. Alekseev  A. A. Belyaev  N. V. Goreva  T. N. Koren’  O. L. Kossovaya  G. V. Kotlyar  E. D. Mikhailova  Yu. P. Nenashev  I. A. Odesskii  E. L. Prozorovskaya  A. Yu. Rozanov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(6):696-697

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The Neftegorsk, Sakhalin Island, earthquake of 27 May 1995   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. I. Ivashchenko    Ch.U.  Kim  L. S. Oscorkin    L. N. Poplavskaya    A. A. Poplavsky    R. N. Burymskaya    T. G. Mikhailova    N. F. Vasilenko  M. I. Streltsov 《Island Arc》1997,6(3):288-302

Abstract Past seismic catastrophes were unknown in Sakhalin Island before 1995 except those suggested from findings of paleoseismodislocations. The first time that dwellers have experienced such a catastrophe in the Sakhalin Island history was on 27 May 1995. The devastating Neftegorsk earthquake occurred in Northern Sakhalin (?= 52.8° north; δ= 143.2° east; H = 18 km; M_s= 7.2), killed almost 2000 people in the small city of Neftegorsk, caused damage and destruction of buildings, bridges, railways and roads, breakage of oil and gas pipelines, electric and communication lines, and was accompanied by large-scale surface phenomena within a source area. It was felt all over the Sakhalin Island, as well as over the closest part of the Eurasian continent. Surface fracturing was the most impressive effect of the Neftegorsk earthquake. The 37-km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault, with a strike of north 15° east and a horizontal displacement up to a maximum of 8 m, has been observed from Taxon Mountain at the south to the junction of the Cadylanye and Keniga Rivers at the north. According to the results of a detailed geological survey and study of the aftershocks, the total extent of the source area was - 80 km. Various secondary phenomena have been observed at the Earth's surface, such as landslides, falls, soil liquefaction, mud volcanoes etc. The earthquake was followed by hundreds of aftershocks within the following 1-2 months. Spatially, the earthquake fault coincides with the pre-existing Upper Piltun fault, known earlier from geological studies. Recent high activity of the latter fault has been recognized only after the Neftegorsk event because of findings of traces of significant past dislocations within the fault zone. From a tectonic viewpoint it can be suggested that the Upper Piltun fault is a Riedel-type shear fracture located between two main regional faults: the Gyrgylanye-Dagy fault at the west and the Piltun-Ekhaby fault at the east. Therefore, its present activity, expressed by the destructive Neftegorsk earthquake, seems to be explained by a long strain accumulation within a broad zone of regional right-lateral shear faulting.  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of the role of deltas in the processes of deposition of river sediments     

M. V. Mikhailova 《Water Resources》2007,34(6):644-656

Theoretical principles of the sediment budget at river mouths and the role of deltas in the deposition of river sediments are discussed. The results of the quantitative assessment of sediment budget components at river deltas are given. The article shows the impact of such natural factors as delta sizes, peculiarities of their topography and hydrographic system, as well as a series of anthropogenic factors, including diking, water intake structures, etc., on the role of deltas in sediment retention.  相似文献   

Water and sediment dynamics in the estuary and mouth area of the Seine River     

M. V. Mikhailova  M. V. Isupova 《Water Resources》2007,34(1):35-48

The principal features of the hydrological regime of the Seine River mouth area are discussed. Attention is focused on studying the dynamics of water and sediments in the estuary of the Seine River and in its tidal mouth area under the combined effect of seasonal variations in river runoff and tides. The history of development and improvement of the estuary is described.  相似文献