拉萨河下游河谷风沙源分布特征及其成因     

常春平  邹学勇  张春来  黄永梅  程宏  赵延治  全占军  邱玉郡  房志玲  王升堂 《山地学报》2006,24(4):489-497

根据IKONOS和Qu ick B ird影像解译和实地调查,对拉萨河下游河谷区风沙源分布特征、沙源粒度特征、植被特征以及人类活动的作用进行了探讨。结果表明,受大中小尺度风场的影响,风沙源地沿河谷两侧呈小面积零星分布在多个地貌部位;河流冲积物是最主要的沙源,沙源粒径90%以上分布在0.25 mm以下,以细沙、极细沙和粘粒成分为主,平均含量占60.69%,易于发生风沙活动;风沙活动是影响沙生植被的主导因素,植物种类和盖度能很好反映沙源地的稳定程度;特别在流动沙地和半流动沙地上,植被演替朝着有利于风沙活动发展的方向进行,是风沙活动的主要驱动因素之一,也是风沙活动不断加剧的产物。尽管自然因素是该区域风沙活动的主要成因,人类活动对其发展起到了强化作用。  相似文献   

Simulation on slope uncertainty derived from DEMs at different resolution levels: a case study in the Loess Plateau     

TANG Guoan  ZHAO Mudan  LI Tianwen  LIU Yongmei  ZHANG Ting 《地理学报》2003,13(4):387-394

Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation.  相似文献   

Getting Away with the Stolen Vehicle: An Investigation of Journey‐after‐Crime*     

Yongmei Lu 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(4):422-433

Analyses of criminals' travel patterns can provide significant suggestions to improve crime management. This study extends the investigation of criminals' travel behavior from journey‐to‐crime to journey‐after‐crime. Moreover, new methods are developed to examine the spatial patterns of location pairs when restricted by the underlying geographical process. The methods are employed to investigate criminals' journey‐after‐auto‐theft in the city of Buffalo, New York. The analyses reveal that auto thieves' trips from vehicle‐theft locations to the corresponding vehicle‐recovery locations are local in nature. The travel distances are significantly shorter than the randomly simulated trips; the travel directions are biased from the random directions as well.  相似文献   

Estimating Tropical Cyclone Precipitation from Station Observations   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

任福民  王咏梅  王小玲  李维京 《大气科学进展》2007,24(4):700-711

In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.
Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.  相似文献   

相对湿度对吸收性气溶胶指数的影响     

张卓  王维和  王后茂  王咏梅 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1177-1185

为提高风云三号气象卫星(FY-3)紫外臭氧总量探测仪(TOU)观测数据得到的吸收性气溶胶指数AAI(Absorbing Aerosol Index)或AI(Aerosol Index)的可靠性,需要了解AAI指数与相对湿度之间的内在关系。本研究利用大气辐射传输模型DAK(Doubling-Adding KNMI)分别模拟了在城市气溶胶和乡村气溶胶模式下AAI同相对湿度之间的关系,并将结果同已观测到的实际结果进行对比。结果发现,在相对湿度呈高值时AAI指数出现很大的变化,但相对湿度对两种气溶胶模型的影响具有相反的效应,分析显示当大气中含有吸收性气溶胶如含碳类气溶胶(在中国北部的污染过程中很常见)时,AAI结果对RH(Relative Humidity)有很强的依赖。在应用AAI指数产品检测污染过程中需要注意气溶胶的具体类型和相对湿度的影响,必要时在高相对湿度过程中进行数据校正或剔除。  相似文献   

内蒙古山洞台站背景噪声特征分析     

安全  赵艳红  郭延杰  刘永梅 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(12):1312-1316

计算内蒙古测震台网2019-12~2020-11山洞观测数据的加速度功率谱密度（PSD）和相应的概率密度函数(PDF),研究相应台站的背景噪声特征。结果表明,高频段背景噪声的昼夜差异显著,疫情防控期间噪声水平明显低于其他时段;次级微震频段背景噪声季节性变化显著,噪声水平冬季强、夏季弱,随着台站离海岸线距离增大,PSD峰值有逐渐减小的趋势;主微震频段背景噪声在10~20 s均有峰值,峰值冬季最强,春、夏、秋季基本没有差异,不同台站同一季节峰值差异小;长周期段噪声水平四季差异不大,春、夏季略高于秋、冬季。  相似文献   

基于综合数据库的安徽省地震应急分类响应辅助决策系统     

蒋春曦  潘丹  丁娟  何琳  陈靓  刘涌梅 《华南地震》2011,31(2):21-28

建立了由基础地理数据库、地震地质数据库、地震监测数据库、地震预报数据库、地震应急数据库组成的安徽省防震减灾综合数据库,收集并整理了安徽省地震局自建局以来的各类业务资料.实现了信息化管理.在防震减灾综合数据库的基础上,利用GIS技术研制了具有安徽特色的地震应急分类响应辅助决策系统,在有感地震应急、地震模拟演练以及地震技术...  相似文献   

Detecting Holocene movements of the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China using discriminant analysis     

Hongyan Liu  Haiting Cui  Yongmei Huang 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(3):237-244

Discriminant functions link vegetation zones and surface pollen along the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China. These links were utilised to reconstruct palaeovegetation using fossil pollen data from four lake sediment sites within the ecotone. Holocene movements of the vegetation zones were derived from the above results and were interpreted as the results of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. This study shows that climatic change was the driving factor for ecotonal movement, but that the positions of vegetational zones were nevertheless controlled by topographical and edaphic conditions, and consequently boundaries between different vegetational zones responded individualistically. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1329年福建闽江口 级地震与1517年福建福州 级地震考证     

林松建  林琛  罗咏梅  张颖 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(4):404-409

通过对历史地震资料的收集与考证以及历史地震传言调查,得到如下认识:(1)1329年在福建闽江口曾发生过1次震级约为51/2级地震,震中位置为:北纬26.1o,东经119.7o。(2)1517年5月10日福州市附近曾发生过1次43/4级震群地震,其等震线呈北东向,震中位置为:北纬26.0o,东经119.2o。  相似文献   

气候变化背景下青岛地区气候环境特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田咏梅  马艳  于进付  董海鹰  郭丽娜 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(4):10-15

近30a青岛经济发展迅速,城区面积扩张显著,加速了城市化进程。本文利用青岛地区1978-2007年气象资料,从城市增温、城市热岛效应、城市风速变以及台风及风暴潮、极端异常降水等几个方面,综合分析青岛地区近30a局地气候环境的变化特征。总的来说,青岛环胶州湾城市气候环境变化和加速的城市化进程密切相关。因此在未来不同层次的城市规划和重大工程建设项目中,应当考虑城市建设对局地气候环境可能造成的影响。  相似文献