Experimental study on reduction of U (VI) by an anaerobic bacterium, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shewanella putrefaciens</Emphasis>: Application to sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits,China     

Maozhong Min  Huifang Xu  L. L. Barton  Xinjian Peng  Lin Yin  Rucheng Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):346-352

An experimental study on reduction of U (VI) by anaerobic bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens, is first reported here in China. The experimental conditions were: 35°C and pH= 7.0-7.4, corresponding to a physicochemical environments in which the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposit formed in Northwest China’s Xinjiang. Bacteria adopted in the present experiment, Shewanella putrefaciens, occur extensively in natural environment. Our study shows that nano-crystal precipitates of uraninite quickly occurred on the surface of the cells within one week. It was found that the pitchblende was characterized by a random arrangement of uraninite nanocrystals (2-4 nm) in it, significantly different from natural pitchblende in which uraninite nanocrystals are arranged in order. Finally, a possible mechanism of uranium biomineralization by microorganisms in the deposits is discussed. Our investigation may supply a technical train of thoughts for bioremediation of nuclear-contaminated water environments and for underground dissolving extraction of the sandstone-hosted uranium ores.  相似文献   

Methane oxidation in sediment and water column environments—Isotope evidence     

Michael J. Whiticar  Eckhard Faber 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

Microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane in sediments is a kinetic process associated with a carbon isotope effect which enriches the remaining methane in ¹³C. Three, models: % residual methane, higher hydrocarbon enrichment, and CO₂-CH₄ coexisting pairs are used to independently calculate fractionation factors (αc) in the range of 1.002–1.014, which overlap the range determined by culture studies, αc is smaller than that associated with methanogenesis by CO₂ reduction or by acetate-type fermentation, and comparison of the coexisting CO₂-CH₄ pairs can distinguish between the formation and consumption processes. Methane oxidation in sediments continues to a threshold concentration of ca. 0.2 mM; the residual methane is either unavailable or unattractive to consumption. Minor amounts of methane may also be produced simultaneously in the methane consumption zone, influencing the apparent fractionation factor in this zone.  相似文献   

Methane in the hyporheic zone of a small lowland stream (Sitka, Czech Republic)     

Martin Rulík  Lubomír p  Eva Hlav ov 《Limnologica》2000,30(4):359-366

Methane concentrations and selected chemical parameters in interstitial water were examined along subsurface flowpath in two subsystems (hyporheic and parafluvial sediments) in the Sitka stream, Czech Republic. Interstitial methane concentrations exhibited a distinct spatial pattern. In the hyporheic downwelling zone where the sediments are relatively well oxygenated due to high hydrologic exchange with the surface water, low interstitial methane concentrations, averaging 9.3 μg CH₄/l, were found. In contrast, upwelling sediments and parafluvial sediments (active channel sediments lateral to the wetted channel) had significantly higher methane concentrations (p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively), averaging 43.2 μg CH₄/l and 160.5 μg CH₄/l, respectively. Dissolved oxygen was the highest where surface water entered hyporheic/parafluvial sediments and decreased with water residence time in the sediments (p < 0.01). Nitrate concentrations decreased along the flowpath and were significantly lower at downstream end of the riffle (p < 0.001). Sulfate concentrations also show a slight decline with the water residence time, but differences were not significant. Effect of both nitrate and sulfate on methanogenesis is also discussed. The interstitial methane concentration significantly increased with surface water temperature (p < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with redox potential (p < 0.01) and dissolved oxygen (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

海底冷泉渗漏流体的总S和总Ca浓度变化及影响因素     

邸鹏飞  黄华谷  陈多福 《现代地质》2010,24(3):570-575

通过对卡斯卡迪亚水合物脊和墨西哥湾布什山冷泉渗漏流体的原位测定总S和总Ca浓度分析,发现渗漏流体的总S和总Ca浓度约为海水浓度的50%~70%,讨论了冷泉流体活动特征以及流体的总S和总Ca浓度的控制因素。在这两个冷泉渗漏区海底渗漏流体的总S和总Ca浓度随时间变化的趋势比较一致,均是发生在流体渗漏流量速率高频变化周期。流体的总S和总Ca浓度的降低,可能主要受冷泉区海底广泛存在的甲烷缺氧氧化作用控制,同时也可能受到水合物分解、粘土矿物的去水反应和油气藏破坏产生的纯水的稀释作用的影响。  相似文献   

海底甲烷缺氧氧化与冷泉碳酸盐岩沉淀动力学研究进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

冯东  陈多福  苏正  刘芊 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(3):125-131

海底缺氧带甲烷氧化作用是一个重要的甲烷生物地球化学过程,已被许多地球化学现象所证实。甲烷缺氧氧化有效地减少了渗漏到海水和大气中的甲烷通量,但目前仅有的数据还不能很好地限定甲烷缺氧氧化在全球甲烷循环和全球碳循环中的作用。甲烷缺氧氧化的机理还存在争议,很可能是一个“反甲烷生成”过程。在许多天然气渗漏发育区域,由于甲烷缺氧氧化作用引起环境碱度的增加而沉淀冷泉碳酸盐岩,在海底表层沉积物中形成块状碳酸盐岩结壳。但冷泉碳酸盐岩生成所需的物理化学和生物地球化学条件在很大程度上还不清楚。数值计算表明,孔隙水中溶解足够量的甲烷、冷泉渗漏强度适中、较小的生物扰动作用有利于冷泉碳酸盐岩的生成,而过高的沉积速率则抑制冷泉碳酸盐岩结壳的生成。因此,海底发育冷泉碳酸盐岩可以指示天然气渗漏系统的演化特征。  相似文献   

深海冷泉古菌厌氧甲烷氧化研究进展     

洪义国  吴佳鹏 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(3):76-82

在富含甲烷水合物的海相冷泉沉积物中, 古菌厌氧甲烷氧化作用(anaerobic oxidation of methane, AOM)越来越受到人们的重视。目前普遍认为, AOM是由嗜甲烷古菌和硫酸盐还原菌共同调节的生物地球化学过程。16S rRNA基因分析表明, 包括AEME-1、AEME-2和AEME-3在内的多种甲烷古菌参与了AOM的过程, 它们广泛分布于全球大洋海底缺氧带。AOM过程与全球环境变化密切相关, 从深海底部冷泉区向上渗漏的甲烷气体, 绝大部分在穿透缺氧带沉积层过程中被甲烷氧化古菌所消耗, 有效减少了具有强烈温室效应的甲烷气体向大气的释放。对AOM生物地球化学过程的研究, 在认识冷泉系统碳酸盐的形成机理、控制强温室气体甲烷从海底的渗漏和开发可燃冰新能源等方面具有重要意义。  相似文献   

南海东北部HD196A岩心的自生条状黃铁矿   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陆红锋  陈芳  廖志良  孙晓明  刘坚  程思海  付少英 《地质学报》2007,81(4):519-525

自生黄铁矿是海洋沉积物缺氧硫酸盐还原过程的主要产物。南海东北部的HD196A岩心中发现大量条状的自生黄铁矿,以中空或实心为主。含量分析表明,岩心500cm附近为黄铁矿富集带,与沉积物有机碳(Corg)、硫酸盐[SO4]2-、甲烷(CH4)以及碳酸钙(CaCO3)的地球化学特征分界一致,是岩心的沉积边界,反映了沉积物所处的缺氧环境。岩心沉积物地球化学剖面表明,有机质参与的硫酸盐还原过程和甲烷厌氧氧化作用是黄铁矿形成的主要因素。黄铁矿异常可以作为指示沉积物甲烷异常的标志之一。  相似文献   

厌氧折流板反应器处理粪便污水的试验研究     

周磊  魏好程  陈朱蕾 《福建地理》2006,(4)

在有效容积为32 L的四格室厌氧折流板反应器中,进行了处理粪便污水的研究.当进水ρCOD=1.270~1.790 g/L、pH=7.33~8.45、tHRT=48 h时,研究发现:接种污泥经长期驯化的ABR反应器在启动初期COD去除率即能达到75%以上,稳定运行时去除率可达90%左右;pH值沿格室逐渐升高,出水pH值基本稳定在6.8~7.2之间;传统的ABR对NH3-N的去除率仅有20%左右,需结合好氧工艺来进行进一步的脱氮研究.  相似文献   

CH₄-consuming microorganisms and the formation of carbonate crusts at cold seeps     

Giovanni Aloisi  Ioanna BouloubassiSander K. Heijs  Richard D. Pancost  Catherine PierreJaap S. Sinninghe Damsté  Jan C. GottschalLarry J. Forney  Jean-Marie Rouchy 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):195-203

To understand the role played by microorganisms in the formation of cold seep carbonates, we conducted an integrated microbial, mineralogical and organic geochemical study of methane-related authigenic carbonate crusts formed on eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes. We show that supersaturation with respect to carbonate minerals is induced by microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. Combined lipid biomarker analysis and 16S rRNA gene surveys identified a highly diversified methane-consuming archaeal community possibly comprising novel species, implying that the anaerobic oxidation of methane is phylogenetically widespread and directly implicating these organisms in the process of crust precipitation. Moreover, pore-water sulphate gradients produced by co-occurring methane-based sulphate reduction exert the main control on aragonite versus magnesian calcite precipitation. We propose that this may be the dominant mode of carbonate crust formation at cold seeps world-wide, in agreement with aquatic chemistry predictions and explaining carbonate mineralogy.  相似文献   

Soil-Column Test on Aniline Degradation in Riverbank Filtration under Denitrification Conditions     

WuYaoguo WangHui ZhangWencun SunWeijian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2005,16(2):183-188

INTRODUCTION Riverbankfiltration(RBF)isaprocessbywhich surfacewaterissubjectedtogroundpassagebeforebe ingcollectedandusedasadrinkingwatersource(His cockandGrischek,2002;Rayetal.,2002;Doussanet al.,1997).Duringinfiltrationandtravelthroughthe riverbedandaquifersediments,surfacewaterissubjec tedtoacombinationofphysical,chemical,andbiologi calprocessesthatcansignificantlyimprovetherawwa terquality(HiscockandGrischek,2002).Thus,RBF hasbeenusedasapretreatedmethodtoimprovedrink ingwate…  相似文献