沉水植物附植生物群落生态学研究进展   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

纪海婷  谢冬  周恒杰  冷欣  郭璇  安树青 《湖泊科学》2013,25(2):163-170

在高等水生植物表面经常附着生长着藻类、真菌和细菌等,这些有机群体组成附植生物群落,在大中型浅水湖泊中普遍存在.附植生物群落具有特定的物种组成和空间结构,并随季节推移和沉水植物生长表现出一定的动态变化特征.附植生物群落与宿主植物及周围水体环境联系密切,不仅能够表征水体营养盐、光照、温度等环境因子特征,与沉水植物、食草动物、浮游植物等水生生物类群也存在不同的相互作用.水生生态系统中,附植生物群落参与水体营养物质转化,在草-藻型湖泊生态系统的相互转化过程中起重要作用;其较高的初级生产力作为水生动物重要的食物来源,增加了食物网的多样性;同时,附植生物群落因其独特的生理生态特征正逐渐被应用于水质净化和水环境质量监测.本文在综述近年来附植生物群落研究进展的基础上,分析了附植生物群落的组成结构和动态变化特征,阐述了附植生物群落在水生生态系统中的功能,可为湖泊富营养化治理,尤其是沉水植被的生态修复和管理提供科学依据.  相似文献   

三峡水库蓄水后库区水沙变化及其生态环境响应特征     

林莉  董磊  潘雄  杨文俊 《湖泊科学》2023,35(2):411-422

三峡水库举世瞩目,是长江保护与治理的关键性枢纽工程,水库自2003年蓄水运行后库区水沙条件均发生了显著改变,对库区水生态环境产生了深远影响。本文系统综述了三峡水库蓄水运行后库区的水流动力特性和泥沙淤积特性,总结了蓄水后水库的新水沙运动情况;从水库蓄水运行后水质参数特征,营养物质、重金属和典型有毒有机污染物的赋存特征等方面,分析了三峡水库库区新水沙变化条件下的水环境响应特征;基于水库蓄水前后浮游植物、底栖动物等重点生物群落的现存量和群落特征变化规律,探索了三峡水库新水沙变化条件下库区的水生态响应特征;最后对未来三峡水库运行下的水生态环境效应研究提出展望,本文可为三峡水库水生态环境保护科学研究和管理提供新的认识和决策参考。  相似文献   

A 2011 drought event affecting distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll in the Zhujiang River estuary     

施震  黄小平  张霞  叶丰  梁惜梅  倪志鑫  蔡伟叙 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):433-443

During the summer of 2011,a severe drought event occurred throughout the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Basin of South China.This decreased runoff into the river,resulting in increased salinity and reduced suspended substance.To examine the effects of this extreme drought on the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll,we compared two surveys from 2006 and 2011.Results show that dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration did not change from 2006 to 2011,whereas the proportions of NO 2 – and NH 4 + to DIN in 2011 increased.PO 4 3-concentration was lower in 2011 than in 2006,whereas there was no difference in SiO 3 2-concentration between these years.Correlation coeffi cients of salinity with levels of NO 3 –,NO 2 –,NH 4 +,PO 4 3-and SiO 3 2-in 2011 were all much higher than those in 2006,suggesting greater conservation of dissolved nutrients during the extreme drought event.Furthermore,calculated amounts of regenerated nitrate and phosphorus and their proportions to observed nutrients in 2011 were much lower than in 2006,indicating that nutrient regeneration decreased during the extreme drought period.Mean concentration of chlorophyll a(Chl-a)was considerably higher in 2011 than in 2006,and a harmful algal bloom of Cochlodinium geminatum was observed in the estuary,owing to water stagnancy and lower turbidity as a consequence of drought.Therefore,the extreme drought event in 2011 changed the composition ratio of nutrients,enhanced nutrient conservative behavior,and reduced nutrient regeneration.This affected some key ecological processes in the estuary.  相似文献   

三江平原泥炭沼泽沉积物中营养物质的分布规律   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

于君宝  刘景双  王金达 《湿地科学》2004,2(1):31-35

采用冬季采样，现场分层的方法，系统地研究了三江平原沼泽中河床一河漫滩型泥炭地和谷底洼地型泥炭沉积中总氮、总磷和有机质等营养物质的分布特征。结果表明，在不同沉积层中，总磷明显在草根层富集，总氮和有机质在泥炭上层含量最高，其他营养物质含量随着深度的增加而逐渐降低。河床一河漫滩型和谷底洼地型泥炭沉积物中总氮和总磷含量随着泥炭粒级的减小而明显增加。河流型泥炭沉积物不同机械组分中总氮的变化幅度远远大于谷底洼地型，两种类型泥炭地不同机械组分中总磷含量的变化差异幅度不大。有机质含量随着泥炭粒级的减小而明显减少。河床一河漫滩型泥炭地和谷底洼地型泥炭地中总氮含量与有机质含量呈显著的正相关，相关系数分别为0.953和0.944，泥炭中的氮主要以有机氮形态存在，而总磷含量与有机质含量的关系不显著。  相似文献   

芦苇湿地对氮磷污染物质的净化效应及其价值初步估算——以苏北盐城海岸带芦苇湿地为例   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

欧维新  高建华  杨桂山 《海洋通报》2006,25(5):90-96

对在不同污灌强度下的苏北盐城海岸带两片芦苇湿地的调查发现:在新洋港,氮磷营养物质在2km长的灌渠中的自净率为18.3%～45.6%;苇田净化率在87.08%～95.65%之间;在黄沙港,由于灌溉水体中污染物含量过高,灌渠中的自净率在6.5%～8.7%之间,苇田净化率为61.3%～86.2%,均低于新洋港,而芦苇湿地单位面积净化效果则是新洋港处的3.2～18.5倍。净化效果的差异,说明对苏北盐城海岸带芦苇湿地净化功能的利用可能还存在较大的潜力和空间。单位面积的芦苇净化价值为1120元/hm2·a,比国际估算结果偏低,表明对海岸湿地这种处于生态过渡带的湿地类型中营养物质及其他污染物质的净化研究还有待进一步的实验和研究,这方面工作的开展也具有现实的重要性和必要性。  相似文献   

Inference of reference conditions for nutrient concentrations of Chaohu Lake based on model extrapolation     

ZHOU Yuliang  JIN Juliang  LIU Li  ZHANG Libing  He Jun  WANG Zhesun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(1):35-48

In the mid-eastern China,there are few or no lakes which are in the absence of anthropogenic disturbances,or their sediments remain undisturbed.As a result,the reference lakes distribution and paleolimnological reconstruction approaches usually are inappropriate to estimate lake reference conditions for nutrients.This yields the necessity of using the extrapolation methods to estimate the lake reference conditions for nutrients within those regions.The lake reference conditions for nutrients could be inferred inversely from the law of mass conservation,current lake nutrient concentration,and the loadings from watershed.Considering the scarcity of hydrological and water quality data associated with lakes and watersheds in China,as well as the low requirement of the watershed nutrient loadings models for these data,the soil conservation service(SCS) distributed hydrological model and the universal soil loss equation(USLE) were applied.The SCS model simulates the runoff process of the watershed,thereby calculating dissolved nutrients annually.The USLE estimates the soil erosion and particulate nutrients annually in a watershed.Then,with the loadings from atmospheric deposition and point source,the previous annual average nutrient concentrations could be acquired given the current nutrient concentrations in a lake.Therefore,the nutrient reference conditions minimally impacted by human activities could be estimated.Based on the proposed model,the reference conditions for total nitrogen and total phosphorus of Chaohu Lake,Anhui Province,China are 0.031 mg/L and 0.640 mg/L,respectively.The proposed reference conditions estimation model is of clear physical concept,and less data required.Thus,the proposed approach can be used in other lakes with similar circumstances.  相似文献   

氮、磷等营养物质对低洼盐碱地鱼塘水质的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高光  胡文英  李宽意 《湖泊科学》2001,13(4):345-350

通过在实验围隔中添加不同浓度的氮、磷等营养物质,对黄淮海平原低洼盐碱地鱼塘中的水质变化情况进行了初步研究,结果表明：1）围隔水体中异养细菌数量的变动,与水体中氮、磷等营养物质的浓度及比例密切相关,尤其是水体中磷的浓度对异养细菌数量的影响更为显著。2）围隔水体中的氮、磷等营养浓度及比率,明显地影响着其中藻类的数量和生物量。在实验条件下,水体中磷对藻类生长的影响要大于氮对藻类生长的影响,水体中N：P比为10：1左右是比较适宜藻类生长的比例。3）围隔水体中氮、磷等营养盐的去除能力与其中藻类的生物量及水体中N：P的比率密切相关,当围隔水体中的N：P比为10：1左右时,围隔水体中的藻类生长最好,生物量增加最快,相应地其对TN、TP的去除率也是最高的。  相似文献