A wind tunnel study of the parameters for aeolian sand transport above a wetted sand surface using sands from a tropical humid coastal region of southern China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Qingjie Han  Jianjun Qu  Kongtai Liao  Kecun Zhang  Ruiping Zu  Qinghe Niu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(1):243-250

In this study, wind tunnel tests were performed to determine the relationships between sediment transport, the surface moisture content, and wind velocity using beach sands from a tropical humid coastal area of China. The variation in the properties of the creep proportion, relative decay rate as a function of height, and average saltation height in the flux profile were determined. Sand transport was measured using a standard vertical sand trap. The creep proportion (i.e., the proportion of the particles that move along the surface rather than undergoing saltation) and relative decay rate decreased and more particles were ejected to higher positions as moisture content and wind velocity increased. The creep proportion ranged between 0.12 and 0.33, and averaged 0.22. The creep proportion and relative decay rate decreased abruptly at moisture contents between 0.587 and 1.448%; the latter value was close to 1.591%, the moisture content at a matric potential of ?1.5 MPa. This moisture content limit may indicate a change in the form of soil water from adsorbed films on particle surfaces to capillary forces created by inter-particle water bridges. The surface moisture content therefore appears to decisively determine the degree of the restraint on particle entrainment by the wind. The average heights, below which 25, 50, 75, and 90% of sand transport occurred, increased with increasing moisture content (except at 0.231% moisture content) and wind velocity. The mean saltation height at various wind velocities increased linearly with increasing moisture content.  相似文献   

夹? 22 mm钢筋体复合锚杆原位锚固特性分析     

张景科  谌文武  李最雄  郭志谦  王楠 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3139-3147

加钢筋体复合锚杆在土遗址载体锚固得到了较为成功的应用,但研究该类型锚杆机制刚刚起步。选择交河故城开展了夹? 22 mm钢筋复合体锚杆现场锚固测试,包括锚固性能测试和锚杆各界面层应变监测。锚固性能试验表明,3 m长复合锚杆极限锚固力可达190 kN,而且杆体表现出较强塑性变形。锚杆各界面层应变监测结果表明,钢筋-复合材料界面层轴向应变远大于其他界面层,锚固失效在该层;由于杆体的非均直性,楠竹-复合材料界面表现出轴向应变的非规律性,局部出现受压状态;楠竹-浆体界面剪应变与荷载变化一致,在较高荷载下出现剪应变向锚固末端的传递特征;鉴于杆体的多圈层构造,受力过程中出现明显的横向传递和剪胀特征。其研究成果可为复合锚杆的优化与工艺完善奠定基础。  相似文献   

高陡层状土质边坡风蚀失稳过程及机理研究     

崔凯  朱彦鹏  谌文武  王旭东  韩文峰 《工程地质学报》2011,19(2):187-192

吐鲁番交河故城台地高陡层状土质边坡的失稳过程受风蚀控制和影响非常典型;在土层组合特征和抗风蚀能力差异以及当地终年多大风的气候特征的共同作用下,坡体土层形成风蚀空腔并在空腔的控制下发生变形破坏.以工程地质定性分析、风洞实验、物理模拟为主要手段,结合数值模拟,分析了该边坡在自然风蚀改造过程中表现出具有特殊性、多样性和阶段性...  相似文献   

Preservation of earthen heritage sites on the Silk Road,northwest China from the impact of the environment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li Li  Mingshen Shao  Sijing Wang  Zuixiong Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1625-1639

The Silk Road played an important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between central China, Europe and Central Asia. A number of heritage sites with significant values still remain throughout the Gobi Desert and other desert regions in Northwest China. Most of the heritage sites composed of adobeern materials and the earthen structures have been impacted by adverse environmental conditions for thousands of years causing severe damage with only a small proportion of the structures left surviving to the present day. Analysis of the main environmental factors affecting the heritage sites such as temperature difference, wind storms, rain storms, and the freeze–thaw process and a study of the mechanism of the deterioration are the main topics presented in this paper. The authors have concluded that a Potassium–Silica solution PS invented by one of the authors has been effective in improving the intrinsic properties of heritage site earthen structures with regard to reducing the impact of environmental damage. The results of comparative tests show that samples treated by using the PS solution have performed well, particularly in protecting structures from aeolian erosion and heavy rainfall. Some findings on the effect of PS treatment on earthen structures at heritage sites are discussed in detail in the present paper.  相似文献   

The Effect of Air Density on Sand Transport Structures and the Adobe Abrasion Profile: A Field Wind-Tunnel Experiment Over a Wide Range of Altitude   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Qingjie Han  Jianjun Qu  Zhibao Dong  Ruiping Zu  Kecun Zhang  Hongtao Wang  Shengbo Xie 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2014,150(2):299-317

Aeolian sand transport results from interactions between the surface and the airflow above. Air density strongly constrains airflow characteristics and the resulting flow of sand, and therefore should not be neglected in sand transport models. In the present study, we quantify the influence of air density on the sand flow structure, sand transport rate, adobe abrasion profiles, and abrasion rate using a portable wind-tunnel in the field. For a given wind speed, the flow’s ability to transport sand decreases at low air density, so total sand transport decreases, but the saltation height increases. Thus, the damage to human structures increases compared with what occurs at lower altitudes. The adobe abrasion rate by the cloud of blowing sand decreases exponentially with increasing height above the surface, while the wind erosion and dust emission intensity both increase with increasing air density. Long-term feedback processes between air density and wind erosion suggest that the development of low-altitude areas due to long-term deflation plays a key role in dust emission, and will have a profound significance for surface Aeolian processes and geomorphology.  相似文献   

敦煌气候条件及对棉花产量因素的影响     

王秀琴  吴婷芳 《干旱气象》2014,32(6):1003-1006

甘肃敦煌地区气候条件虽然适宜棉花生长,但热量条件处于棉花正常生长适宜指标的下线,对棉花的产量和质量具有较大影响。利用敦煌市国家基准气象观测站1983~2012年农业气象观测资料,统计分析了敦煌棉花全生育期气象条件对棉花的株铃数、单铃重及僵烂铃率、蕾铃脱落率及产量的影响。结果表明：棉花花蕾期气温、花后热量和花期气温、裂铃吐絮阶段灌水量是造成棉花僵烂铃和蕾铃脱落的主要原因。花铃期的平均气温越高,热量越充足,越有利于棉铃数的增加;7月上旬至8月中旬夜温不足降低了棉株矿物质和贮存物的积累速率,导致花蕾及胚珠发育不良,单铃胚珠数减少;盛夏7月中旬高温造成棉铃代谢紊乱,导致单铃不孕,造成株铃数不足和单铃重下降,进而影响棉花产量。  相似文献   

甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统优势植物种群分布格局及种间关联性   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张瑾  陈文业  张继强  赵明  吴三雄  王志广  袁海峰  窦英杰  康建军 《中国沙漠》2013,33(2):349-357

基于25个样地、375个样方和150条样线的调查资料,采用扩散系数(C)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(m*)、丛生指标(D、聚块性指标(PI)、Green指数(GI)、Cassie指标(GA)和Moristia指数(Ⅰδ)等8个指标以及方差比率(VR)法,对甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统优势植物种群的空间分布格局、聚集强度和种间总体关联性进行了研究.结果表明:①研究区8种优势种群均为聚集分布(p＜0.01).其中,多枝柽柳群落、多枝柽柳沙包群落和胡杨群落均具有较高聚集程度,而疏叶骆驼刺群落和芦苇群落均具有较低聚集程度.②研究区优势种群中灌(乔)木层均为聚集分布(p＜0.05).③研究区优势种群在各海拔梯度上均为聚集分布(p＜0.05).随海拔梯度的增加,种群聚集强度增加,且种群聚集程度变化较为平缓.④研究区植物群落中,灌(乔)木层主要种群的种间联结表现为显著的正关联,乔灌草和草本层的主要种群的种间联结表现为显著的负关联.应用2×2联列表x2统计量、联结系数(AC)和共同出现百分率(PC)等方法,综合分析了敦煌西湖主要种群的种间联结显著性和关联强度.结果表明:研究区大多数种群种间关联程度不显著(p＞0.05),不关联的种对数明显要多于显著关联种对数,显著负关联的种对数多于正关,说明种群对生境和资源要求不一样,与总体种间相关性检验的方差比率VR值的结果一致,群落中优势物种处于不稳定阶段.  相似文献   

几种典型戈壁床面风沙流特性比较   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

屈建军  张克存  张伟民  廖空太  牛清河  韩庆杰 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):285-290

通过不同材料覆盖的戈壁床面风沙流特性风洞模拟实验,发现对于棱角状砾石戈壁床面,地表动力学粗糙度随风速的增加而增加;而卵石床面,地表动力学粗糙度随风速的增加呈减小趋势。戈壁床面风速随高度的分布同样满足对数规律,棱角状砾石床面对风速的减弱程度相对于卵石床面更趋于显著。沙粒与戈壁床面棱角状砾石发生碰撞时其起跳高度增大,引起含沙量随高度分布不再满足流沙地表的指数衰减规律,而呈“象鼻效应”,出现拐点。戈壁地表输沙率与风速服从幂函数关系,但其幂指数远大于流沙地表。输沙率与风速之间幂函数关系中幂指数的取值主要受控于地表粒度组成。  相似文献   

干旱区土遗址盐渍带风蚀损耗效应微观机制研究     

崔凯  谌文武  王旭东  韩文峰  朱彦鹏 《岩土力学》2012,33(4):1167-1172

基于西北干旱地区典型土遗址盐渍带盐分野外观测和定性分析结果,初步总结了土遗址盐渍土带特征并阐释了风蚀损耗效应的概念;通过对掺入不同含量2种盐渍带常见盐分Na2SO4和NaCl,并经历干湿循环的遗址土重塑样的风洞模拟试验和微结构分析试验,揭示了盐渍带中常见盐分发生的盐渍过程会对遗址土抗风蚀能力产生显著的影响;并通过统计学分析方法证实了试样的风蚀速率与有关孔隙的部分微结构特征参数之间存在着良好的对应关系;最后结合定性分析和试验研究结果,从微观角度对土遗址盐渍带土的风蚀损耗机制进行了初步的讨论。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘马北地区古今构造与油气藏的耦合     

马新民  司丹  马峰  孙松岭  程玉红  倪祥龙  张平 《现代地质》2014,28(1):131-138

利用最新三维地震解释成果,结合钻井和区域地质资料,运用断裂生长指数、平衡地质剖面、趋势厚度恢复等多种方法对马北地区断裂组合、断裂发育期次、断裂演化、构造高点发育及迁移规律进行了精细解剖。依据断层组合关系、安德森断层模式及Harding1974年关于走滑断裂系应力、应变的相关论述,对该地区新生代以来各地质历史时期的应力状态进行了探讨,并以油气动态成藏的方式系统地研究了断裂-构造高点演化与油气藏之间的耦合关系,认为马北地区多期断裂是以马仙断裂为主导的走滑断裂体系,其断裂演化与马仙断裂活动息息相关,且与古今构造之间具有明显的耦合关系,两者共同控制了新生代油气藏的形成、改造及分布。  相似文献