排序方式： 共有107条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
华北及周边地区PM2.5造成的污染, 近十年来引起了社会的广泛关注, 也是科学研究的重要领域。利用2003—2014年的卫星遥感MODIS AOD数据和2014—2015年的地面观测PM2.5浓度数据, 采用聚类分析、混合效应模型、EOF分解等统计分析方法, 反演了2003—2014年华北及周边地区PM2.5浓度, 分析其时空分布特征。主要结论如下:(1)卫星遥感MODIS AOD与地面观测PM2.5值有较高的相关系数, 可利用MODIS卫星遥感AOD对地面观测的PM2.5浓度进行反演; (2)华北地区PM2.5浓度呈现出明显的空间分布特征:太行山脉是污染强弱明确的分界线, 山脉东南部的污染显著高于西部, 且在地势变化的地方出现明显的突变; 河北南部、河南北部和山东西北部分区域是污染最严重的地区; (3)2004年、2009年以及2013年后都是污染浓度比较低的年份。 相似文献
52.
利用MODIS_L1B数据,结合AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）地面观测与反演的AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）数据、北京市自动气象站网的能见度观测数据和北京市道面交通气象监测网的能见度观测数据,选取2012年3月6—11日期间发生在北京市的一次重大霾天气过程作为典型个例,反演了全过程的AOD和能见度变化,分析了两者之间的关系。结果表明：1）由MODIS遥感数据反演的AOD值与地面实测AOD值变化趋势均呈“单峰型”,但由于存在观测时间的偏差,总体上反演值高于实测值;2）利用AOD反演值得到的能见度值与实际能见度观测值基本吻合,两者的时空变化趋势基本一致,两者之间的相关系数大于0.6（P<0.01）,符合此次霾过程的实际发生特征。 相似文献
53.
选择西北干旱区城市乌鲁木齐市为研究区,利用MODIS气溶胶产品（AOD）数据和地面监测站PM2.5浓度数据进行相关性分析,结果表明：二者相关性良好,对AOD数据进行垂直订正和湿度订正后,发现相关性进一步提升（0.49～0.80,p<0.01）。对订正后AOD数据与地面PM2.5浓度进行建模并选取最优模型,结果均为一元三次模型且模型R2在0.27～0.69之间,其中春秋两季模型R2较高,夏季较低。对模型精度进行验证结果,显示春季与秋季模型精度良好,夏季较差,说明MODIS气溶胶光学厚度数据可以用于反演干旱区地面PM2.5浓度值,对卫星遥感在干旱区地面空气监测应用提供了新的方法和思路。 相似文献
54.
本文利用2014年全年北京市12个空气质量监测站的逐小时PM_(2.5)地面观测资料,以及Terra卫星和Aqua卫星的MODIS 3 km气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品,分析了地面PM_(2.5)和两颗卫星AOD的时空分布特征,并在时空匹配的基础上,建立了AOD与PM_(2.5)浓度之间的回归模型。结果表明:PM_(2.5)浓度在城区高、郊区低,最低值位于定陵站,城区站和郊区站的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度的日变化分别呈"双峰型"和"单峰型";两颗卫星AOD数值也均是城区高、郊区低,沿山区的边界有明显的AOD梯度,且城区上午Terra卫星的AOD高于下午Aqua卫星的AOD,而郊区上、下午的AOD基本相同;Aqua卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)的确定系数(R2)较Terra卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)的确定系数平均高0.11,且城区站点两颗卫星AOD与PM_(2.5)相关性均较郊区站点AOD与PM_(2.5)相关性偏高;综合来看,Aqua卫星的AOD与城区的PM_(2.5)相关系数最高,即Aqua卫星的AOD更适于监测和反演城区地面的PM_(2.5)。 相似文献
55.
金洪芳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(8):133-136
PM 2.5已经日渐成为大气中首要的污染物。同时越来越多的研究表明,PM 2.5污染对人们的正常生活会造成严重的影响,有效监测其空间分布对污染防治和健康影响等具有重要意义。利用遥感技术开展PM 2.5监测已经成为重要且有效的手段,遥感影像的空间分辨率不断提高、PM 2.5遥感反演模型的推陈出新,进一步助推和加深了遥感技术在PM 2.5监测领域中的应用。本文通过归纳总结用于PM 2.5反演的主要遥感数据源,并结合PM 2.5遥感反演模型的基本原理,从不同数据源角度综述了PM 2.5遥感监测技术的研究进展,最后展望了现有监测技术存在的问题以及发展趋势,为开展PM 2.5遥感监测和深化应用提供理论支撑。 相似文献
56.
With a simplified radiation balance model, study is performed of aerosol direct radiation forcing in relation to its optical properties and surface reflectance, indicating that with the thickened aerosol layer the earth-atmosphere system may increase or weaken the solar radiation albedo, depending upon different combinations of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA,ω0), asymmetry factor (g), and surface albedo (αg) rather than relying directly on the aerosol optical depth (δ), which has its value just in proportion to the changed range of albedo alone. As indicated by the model results, systematic observations of aerosol radiative properties are required to make quantitative study of aerosol direct radiative forcing. Observational research of the properties has been undertaken based on ground and space measurements over China, including ground-based sunphotometer-aerosol optical depth (AOD), nephelometer-aerosol scattering coefficients, aethalometer-aerosol absorption coefficients, and MODIS products-retrieved AOD. The satellite retrieved AOD is validated against in situ sun photometer measured AOD, indicating that for eastern China remote sensing given AODs are acceptable owing mainly to lower surface reflectance there whereas for poor vegetation in the north of China the surface reflectance may be underestimated in AOD retrieval. However, appropriate modification of the scheme of aerosol remote sensing is likely to improve the retrieval accuracy. The aerosol single scattering albedo in dry condition is around 0.80 from surface-measured scattering and absorption coefficients. It requires further studies based on more observations to improve our understanding of the issue. 相似文献
57.
This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD)of 41A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial andtemporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solarradiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the sametime.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD overChina.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area ofChangjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in YunnanProvince,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AODvalues are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most partsof China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in differentregions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North GuizhouProvince.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsulaand west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastalareas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variationcharacteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal typesA and B,bimodal and Poly-modal. 相似文献
58.
为了验证风云三号D星MERSI传感器的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）数据对地面PM2.5的污染过程预报的效果,本文基于WRF-Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry）大气化学模式和三维变分同化方法,针对2020-02-10—2020-02-12中国北方地区的一次PM2.5重污染过程,进行了同化和预报试验研究。同化数据来自常规地面站点的PM2.5浓度数据和风云三号D星MERSI传感器的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）数据。控制试验不同化任何资料,3组同化试验分别为仅同化地面PM2.5,仅同化卫星AOD,以及同时同化PM2.5和卫星AOD两种资料。结果表明,3组同化试验都可以有效提高初始场准确率,以地面PM2.5作为检验标准,仅同化PM2.5、仅同化AOD、同时同化两种资料相对于控制试验,初始场的平均偏差分别降低54.9%、21.9%和49.0%,平均相关系数分别提升51.4%、16.0%和34.0%,平均均方根误差分别降低50.6%、17.2%和42.3%。以卫星AOD作为检验标准,3组同化试验相对于控制试验,初始场的平均偏差分别降低37.6%、78.4%和83%,平均均方根误差分别降低31.6%、62.2%和65.2%。同化后的初始场对预报有显著的改进,改进持续时间达24 h,以地面PM2.5作为检验标准,同时同化两种资料的试验对24 h预报的平均偏差减少19.7%,相关系数提升8.8%,均方根误差减少17.2%;以卫星AOD作为检验标准,24 h预报的平均偏差减少40.1%,相关系数提升25.9%,均方根误差降低34.7%。试验结论为,相对于仅同化地面PM2.5资料,同化风云卫星AOD资料可以提升后期预报效果。 相似文献
59.
Integration of Multi-source Measurements to Monitor Dust over North China：A Case Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aerosol optical depth （AOD） data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） aboard Satellite Aqua, along with the altitude-resolved aerosol subtypes product from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization （CALIOP）, as well as surface PM 10 measurements, were utilized to investigate the dust activities common in springtime of northern China. Specifically, a dust storm episode that occurred over the North China Plain （NCP） during 17-21 March 2010 was identified. The PM 10 concentration at Beijing （39.8 °N, 116.47 °E） reached the peak value of 283 μgm -3 on 20 March 2010 from the background value of 15 μg m-3 measured on 17 March 2010, then dropped to 176 μgm-3 on 21 March 2010. Analysis of the CALIOP aerosol subtypes product showed that numerous large dust plumes floated over northern China, downwind of main desert source regions, and were lifted to altitudes as high as 3.5 km during this time period. The MODIS AOD data provided spatial distributions of dust load, broadly consistent with ground-level PM 10 , especially in cloud free areas. However, inconsistency between the MODIS AOD and surface PM 10 measurements under cloudy conditions did exist, further highlighting the unique capability of the CALIOP lidar. CALIOP can penetrate the cloud layer to give unambiguous and altitude-resolved dust measurements, albeit a relatively long revisit period （16 days） and narrower swath （90 m）. A back trajectory simulation using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory （HYSPLIT） model was performed, and it was found that the sand-dust storm originated from the Gobi Desert on 18 March 2010 travelled approxi-mately 1200-1500 km day-1 eastward and passed over the NCP on 19 March 2010, in good agreement with previous findings. In addition, the multi-sensor measurements integrated with the HYSPLIT model output formed a three-dimensional view of the transport pathway for this dust episode, indicating that this episode was largely associated with the desert source regions to the northwest of the NCP. The results imply the importance of integration of multi-sensor measurements for clarifying the overall structure of dust events over northern China. 相似文献
60.
The distributions and correlations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),aerosol optical depth(AOD)and ice cover in the southeast Arctic Ocean-Greenland Sea(10°W–10°E,70°–80°N)between 2003 and 2009 were studied using satellite data and statistical analyses.Regression analysis showed correlations between Chl-a and AOD,Chl-a and ice cover,and AOD and ice cover with different time lags.The time lag of Chl-a and AOD indicated their long-term equilibrium relationship.Peaks in AOD and Chl-a and generally occurred in May and July,respectively.Despite the time lag,the correlation between Chl-a and AOD in the study region was as high as 0.7.The peak gap between Chl-a and AOD shifted for about 6 weeks during 2003–2009.In the summer and autumn of 2009,Chl-a and AOD levels were much higher than during the other years,especially in the northern band of the study region(75°–80°N).The driving forces for this localized increase in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to the very high rate of ice melting in spring and early summer and the high wind speed in autumn,together with the increased deposition of aerosol throughout the year.The unusually high AOD in the spring of 2003 was mainly due to a massive fi re in Russia,which occurred in the fi rst half of the year.Over the 7 years of the study,the sea surface temperature generally decreased.This may have been due to the release of dimethylsulfi de into the air,excreted in large amounts from abundant phytoplankton biomass,and its subsequent reaction,form large amounts of aerosol,and resulting in regional cooling. 相似文献