贵州红枫湖纹理沉积物中近代气温记录   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴丰昌  万国江 《地理科学》1996,16(4):345-350

本通过红枫湖纹理沉积物柱芯碳酸盐特征剖面与流域气温资料对比、沉积纹理年代校正以及早期成岩化学过程对碳酸盐沉积记录的改造作用等方面的研究，表明湖泊碳酸盐沉积记录基本不受早期成岩作用的影响，碳酸钙含量和ＣａＯ／ＭｇＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值可作为湖泊沉物中具高分辨率、短时间尺度的气温变化的代用指标。  相似文献   

试论岩溶在沉积—改造铅锌矿床形成中的作用     

刘功余  邓自强 《矿产与地质》1993,7(2):102-107

在碳酸盐岩地区广泛分布着一些沉积—改造铅锌矿床.其主要改造作用目前一般概括为地下(热)水作用.本文通过比较地下水改造成矿作用与岩溶作用之间的关系,论证岩溶在矿床形成中起着重要作用,即地下水改造富积成矿作用主要为岩溶作用.  相似文献   

甘肃西成铅锌矿田中泥盆统碳酸盐沉积相的初步研究     

武安斌  宋春晖 《甘肃地质》1993,2(1):25-34,T003

本文根据岩石类型、沉积构造、生物组合和指相矿物将西成矿田中泥盆统碳酸盐沉积划分为两个相带,7个相和11个亚相,即碳酸盐台地相带和碳酸盐台地边缘相带;台地潮坪相、局限台地相、半开阔台地相、开阔台地相、台缘前斜坡相、生物滩层礁相和礁相。可以看出,区内铅锌矿床的形成和分布明显受着碳酸盐沉积相带的控制。  相似文献   

Stable isotope (C,O, S) systematics of the mercury mineralization at Idrija,Slovenia: constraints on fluid source and alteration processes     

Jo?t?V.?Lavri?Email author  Jorge?E.?Spangenberg 《Mineralium Deposita》2003,38(7):886-899

The world-class Idrija mercury deposit (western Slovenia) is hosted by highly deformed Permocarboniferous to Middle Triassic sedimentary rocks within a complex tectonic structure at the transition between the External Dinarides and the Southern Alps. Concordant and discordant mineralization formed concomitant with Middle Triassic bimodal volcanism in an aborted rift. A multiple isotopic (C, O, S) investigation of host rocks and ore minerals was performed to put constraints on the source and composition of the fluid, and the hydrothermal alteration. The distributions of the ¹³C and ¹⁸O values of host and gangue carbonates are indicative of a fracture-controlled hydrothermal system, with locally high fluid-rock ratios. Quantitative modeling of the ¹³C and ¹⁸O covariation for host carbonates during temperature dependent fluid-rock interaction, and concomitant precipitation of void-filling dolomites points to a slightly acidic hydrothermal fluid (¹³C–4 and ¹⁸O+10), which most likely evolved during isotopic exchange with carbonates under low fluid/rock ratios. The ³⁴S values of hydrothermal and sedimentary sulfur minerals were used to re-evaluate the previously proposed magmatic and evaporitic sulfur sources for the mineralization, and to assess the importance of other possible sulfur sources such as the contemporaneous seawater sulfate, sedimentary pyrite, and organic sulfur compounds. The ³⁴S values of the sulfides show a large variation at deposit down to hand-specimen scale. They range for cinnabar and pyrite from –19.1 to +22.8, and from –22.4 to +59.6, respectively, suggesting mixing of sulfur from different sources. The peak of ³⁴S values of cinnabar and pyrite close to 0 is compatible with ore sulfur derived dominantly from a magmatic fluid and/or from hydrothermal leaching of basement rocks. The similar stratigraphic trends of the ³⁴S values of both cinnabar and pyrite suggest a minor contribution of sedimentary sulfur (pyrite and organic sulfur) to the ore formation. Some of the positive ³⁴S values are probably derived from thermochemical reduction of evaporitic and contemporaneous seawater sulfates.Editorial handling: P. Lattanzi  相似文献   

Benthic carbonate factories of the Phanerozoic   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wolfgang Schlager 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(4):445-464

Marine carbonate precipitation occurs in three basic modes: abiotic (or quasi-abiotic), biotically induced, and biotically controlled. On a geologic scale, these precipitation modes combine to form three carbonate production systems, or "factories" in the benthic environment: (1) tropical shallow-water factory, dominated by biotically controlled (mainly photo-autotrophic) and abiotic precipitates; (2) cool-water factory, dominated by biotically controlled (mainly heterotrophic) precipitates; and (3) mud-mound factory, dominated by biotically induced (mainly microbial) and abiotic precipitates. Sediment accumulations of the factories differ in composition, geometry, and facies patterns, and some of these differences appear prominently in seismic data, thus facilitating subsurface prediction. The characteristic accumulation of the tropical factory is the flat-topped, often reef-rimmed platform. In cool-water systems, reefs in high-energy settings are scarce and hydrodynamic influence dominates, producing seaward-sloping shelves and deep-water sediment drifts often armored by skeletal framework. The typical accumulation of the mud-mound factory is groups of mounds in deeper water. Where the mud-mound factory expands into shallow water, it forms rimmed platforms similar to the tropical factory. The tropical factory is most productive; the mud-mound factory reaches 80–90%, and the cool-water factory 20–30% of the tropical growth rate. The three factories represent end members connected by transitions in space. Transitions in time are linked to biotic evolution.  相似文献   

The pegmatites of the Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros pegmatite district and the emerald mineralisation of Capoeirana and Belmont (Minas Gerais, Brazil): geochemistry and Rb–Sr dating     

Preinfalk  Y. Kostitsyn  G. Morteani   《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2002,14(8)

The chemical composition and Rb–Sr ages of mica, feldspar, and whole rock samples from the emerald mineralisation of Capoeirana and Belmont, from emerald-barren pegmatites and of the Borrachudos granitic gneiss, Monlevade banded and granitic gneisses from the area of Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros (Minas Gerais, Brazil) as well as from the Guanhães gneiss (Minas Gerais, Brazil) have been determined. The Borrachudos granitic and Monlevade banded gneiss with connected pegmatitic schlieren and pegmatite veins, as well as the Guanhães gneiss, got their actual textures and mineralogical composition at about 1.9 Ga in the context of the Transamazonic tectonothermal event.The Monlevade banded gneiss belongs to a volcano-metasedimentary greenstone belt sequence, which is the typical country rock of the emerald occurrences. The main emerald-forming event at Belmont and Capoeirana was a metasomatic reaction of Be-rich anatectic pegmatites with Cr-rich ultrabasic rocks during the Transamazonic event. At Capoeirana, K–feldspar-bearing Be-rich pegmatites were transformed during the emerald-forming process into plagioclase–quartz rocks. Rb–Sr ages on biotite of about 480 Ma from the emerald mineralisation result from the rejuvenation of Transamazonic biotite by the Brasiliano event.The widespread macroscopically unmetamorphosed pegmatites of the study area formed in the Brasiliano event at 477±14 Ma. These pegmatites resulted to be emerald-barren although the differentiation degree, as given by diagrams such as Cs vs. K/Rb for muscovite and K–feldspar, starts from ceramic and ends with Be pegmatites. Some pegmatites display a marked internal differentiation.

Abstract

Foram determinadas as composições químicas e as idades Rb–Sr de mica branca, feldspato potássico e de rochas totais das mineralizações de esmeraldas de Capoeirana e Belmont, de pegmatitos sem esmeraldas e dos gnaisses Borrachudos, Monlevade e Guanhães da região de Nova Era–Itabira–Ferros (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Os gnaisses graníticos Borrachudos, os gnaisses bandados Monlevade, seus respectivos pegmatitos e veios/schlieren pegmatóides, e os gnaisses Guanhães, adquiriram suas texturas e composições mineralógicas atuais há cerca de 1.9 Ga no contexto do evento Transamazônico.As rochas regionais encaixantes típicas das ocorrências de esmeraldas são os gnaisses Monlevade que pertencem a uma sequência metavulcano-sedimentar de tipo greenstone belt. O evento principal de formação de esmeraldas em Belmont e Capoeirana foi uma reação metassomática dos pegmatitos anatéticos ricos em Be com rochas ultrabásicas ricas em Cr durante o evento Transamazônico em torno de 1.9 Ga. Em Capoeirana nesse contexto os pegmatitos com feldspato potássico ricos em Be foram transformados em rochas de plagioclasio–quartzo. As idades Rb–Sr de cerca de 480 Ma de minerais das mineralizações de esmeralda resultaram da reequilibração de biotitas e feldspatos Transamazônicos durante o evento Brasiliano.Os pegmatitos não-metamórficos e sem esmeralda da região estudada foram formados no evento Brasiliano há 477±14 Ma. O grau de diferenciação dos pegmatitos, estudado em diagramas indicadores específicos como por exemplo Cs vs. K/Rb de micas brancas e feldspatos potássicos, varia desde pegmatitos cerámicos até muscovita-pegmatitos, à pegmatitos de metais raros e até berilíferos. Alguns dos pegmatitos apresentam marcante diferenciação interna.  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩的生物价值探讨     

张恩  彭明生 《矿产与地质》2006,20(1):83-87

文章阐述了碳酸盐岩的形成演化不仅与生物进化相关,而且对于环境水中的重金属和氟的迁移有抑制作用,探讨其在改善水质量、防治地方病以及调节或平衡土壤和植物元素的浓度比等方面的作用具有重大意义。研究指出,碳酸盐岩有利于形成适合于生命活动的地质环境,其作为中药材,碳酸盐矿物是自然界分布最为广泛的生物无机矿物,含有人体所需的常量元素、多种微量元素、有机质和HCO3-等成分,因而具有药用和营养价值。同时指出,不同碳酸盐岩药材成分的种类、含量及赋存状态等方面的差异导致其性味和归经不同。因而碳酸盐岩药物对人体的药效还与其入药形式、人体内的环境特点,尤其是不同成分之间在体内的协同作用与拮抗作用有关。因此,碳酸盐岩的药理作用是其所有成分与人体介质综合作用的结果。研究认为,只有加强碳酸盐矿物在地质环境的演化特点、化学成分、结构的微观分析以及理论药理的综合研究,才有利于认识碳酸盐岩的生物价值。  相似文献   

百色盆地东部兰木组古岩溶储层特征及其主控因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

叶茂林  邓强  傅强 《海相油气地质》2006,11(1):15-20

常规薄片和扫描电镜分析表明,百色盆地上法地区兰木组石灰岩古岩溶储层具低孔渗特点,主要储集空间为后期改造产生的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞;经历了风化壳岩溶和缝洞渗流岩溶两种成因的两期岩溶作用,纵向上分表生岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和潜流岩溶带三个相带。裂缝以构造裂缝为主,以发育开启—半开启的高角度裂缝为主,低角度裂缝次之。有三种储层类型,其中以裂缝—孔洞型的最好,为主力产层,裂缝—孔隙型的次之,孔隙型的最差。影响古岩溶储层空间发育的主控因素为断裂和构造活动、岩石纯度、后期成岩作用的破坏。  相似文献   

黔中降起的油气勘探壁垒——兼论海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩     

支家生 《海相油气地质》2006,11(3):15-18

黔中隆起在地质构造上属于扬子地块的滇黔隆褶带．南华纪晚期初现雏形，震旦纪—奥陶纪为水下隆起，燕山运动使其整体抬高，喜马拉雅运动时急剧隆升，构造地貌长期相对隆起。地表油苗油样分析结果显示，在红外吸收谱图中缩合芳烃结构及含氧基团吸收明显，有机质热成熟度高，且遭受了氧化蚀变：震旦系以上地层大量暴露，地表水溶蚀下渗深度在黔西南地区可达3000-4000m；作为长期存在的古隆起，经历了多次抬升，直至挽近仍处于严重剥蚀阶段。地腹可能存在酸性岩浆热源使有机质过度热演化、保存条件不佳以及缺少勘探目的层，是黔中隆起油气勘探的三大壁垒。兼谈了碳酸盐岩烃源岩问题．认为形成大油气田的烃源岩主要是泥质岩系，“碳酸盐岩烃源岩”只是从属性的．分布在泥质烃源岩系的边缘或局部范围。  相似文献   

新生代深海冷水碳酸盐泥丘成因及IODP 307航次初步研究结果     

李祥辉  陈云华  徐宝亮  Akihiro Kano 《地球科学进展》2007,22(7):666-672

记述了新生代深海冷水碳酸盐泥丘近期的9个重要研究事件;总结了冷水泥丘具有全球海洋(大陆斜坡为主)分布、形态各异、冷水枝状珊瑚构筑泥丘的特点;介绍了冷水泥丘形成的(地质流体渗流和微生物作用)内因及(海底牵引底流作用)外因两种主要观点.对2005年IODP 307航次实施的北大西洋Porcupine Seabight冷水泥丘大洋钻探工作初步成果进行了编译,公布了中国科学家在碳氧同位素方面的初步实验结果.实验结果显示上新世中期以来的2 Ma里冷水碳酸盐泥丘启动和发育过程中存在2次碳氧同位素偏移事件(Ⅰ和Ⅱ),碳氧同位素偏移事件Ⅰ与泥丘的启动相呼应,暗示北大西洋古海洋气候发生巨大变化,可能与北极冰盖极盛有关.  相似文献