排序方式： 共有58条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
南极冰穹A地区气候条件极为恶劣,通过探讨冰穹A低氧复合寒冷环境对考察队员儿茶酚胺激素和心肌酶水平的影响,为冰穹A考察队员医学防治提供依据。分别在上海出发、冰穹A考察和返回上海时,采集第29次中国南极考察昆仑站冰盖队25名男队员外周静脉血样,检测血中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺(DA)、高敏感性C反应蛋白(hs CRP)、肌酸激酶MB(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)水平。队员E和CK-MB水平在冰穹A虽增高但与出发时没有显著性差异,E水平在返回上海后显著降低(P0.01);DA水平在冰穹A和返回上海后均显著增高(P0.05)。与出发(P0.01)和冰穹A(P0.01)数据相比,CK-MB水平在返回上海后均显著降低。肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)水平在冰穹A和返回上海后均没有发生显著变化,均在正常范围内(0.04 ng·m L-1),hs CRP和NE水平也没有显著性改变。Pearson相关性分析表明,CK-MB水平与E水平呈显著正相关(r=0.285*,P0.05)。结果表明,在冰穹A低氧复合高寒环境下冰盖队员心肌出现了适应性代偿,返回上海后没有出现病理性损伤,心肌酶水平变化与儿茶酚胺类激素水平存在相关性,今后仍需积累多次昆仑站考察队的数据资料,深入探讨潜在的调节机制。 相似文献
52.
Mesohaline tidal creeks are critical since they may lie at the crossroads of aquatic habitat and urban/sub-urban pressures. The emphasis of this study was to determine the water quality stressor variations within and between tidal creeks and determine whether they serve as nodes of pollutants into the sub-estuary. Measurements of water quality stressors were conducted over a six-year period. The study revealed that characterizing the variability of individual tidal creeks is critical to understanding the process and impacts of stressors in sub-estuarine environments and that the tidal creeks are actually nodal points of sediment and nutrient pollution. This results in hypoxia being controlled within tidal creeks rather than being imported from the parent estuary. The calculated metrics were then used to create a Sustainability Characterization Map. Methods incorporated in this study would be of value to restoration managers, and in the decision-making process of urban and suburban watershed planners. 相似文献
53.
Marine hypoxic episodes are affecting both marine and freshwater bodies all over the world. Yet, limited data exists with regard to the effects of decreasing oxygen on protist metabolism. Three ciliate species were therefore isolated from Hong Kong coastal waters. Controlled hypoxic conditions were simulated in the lab environment, during which time growth, respiration and grazing rates were measured. Euplotes sp. and a Oxytrichidae-like ciliate showed decreased growth and respiration below 2.5 mg O2 L−1, however Uronema marinum kept steady growth and respiration until below 1.5 mg O2 L−1. Euplotes sp. and the Oxytrichidae-like ciliate had the highest ingestion rate, which dropped significantly below 3.0 mg O2 L−1. U.marinum grazing rates were affected at and below 1.5 mg O2 L−1, correlating with their drop in growth and respiration at this lower concentration. This study illustrates the slowing metabolism of key grazing protists, as well as species-specific tolerance in response to hypoxia. 相似文献
54.
The effects of prolonged exposure to reduced oxygen levels (3.0 and 1.5 mg O2 l−1) on marine scavenging gastropods Nassarius festivus were studied for 8 weeks. The percentages of individuals engaged in feeding and amount of food consumed were reduced as oxygen level decreased; absorption efficiency, however, did not vary significantly with oxygen level. Oxygen consumption rates and specific oxygen consumption rates were lower at reduced oxygen levels. Reproduction occurred at all oxygen levels with less egg capsules being produced at lower oxygen levels. Egg size and number of eggs per capsule, however, were not significantly affected by oxygen level. The increase in shell length was 12%, 6% and 5% at 6.0 mg O2 l−1 (normoxia), 3.0 mg O2 l−1 and 1.5 mg O2 l−1, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the amount of energy allocated to growth and reproduction decreased at reduced oxygen levels with values obtained at 3.0 mg O2 l−1 and 1.5 mg O2 l−1 being 48% and 70% lower than those at 6.0 mg O2 l−1. At all oxygen levels, most of the accumulated energy was allocated to shell growth and reproduction, and the amount allocated to somatic growth was relatively insignificant. The reduction in energy allocated to reproduction was greater than that to shell growth as the oxygen level was reduced, indicating a strategic energy allocation of marine scavengers under stressful conditions to enhance survival. 相似文献
55.
Since increased ventilation is known to be a common strategy used by aquatic animals to cope with hypoxia, we tested in present study the hypothesis that hypoxia can promote the bioaccumulation of naphthalene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in Penaeus aztecus, a penaeid shrimp subject to hypoxia and PAH contamination in the northern Gulf of Mexico. For each of the two naphthalene concentrations, five groups of shrimps were, respectively, subjected to five different conditions, namely, clean seawater under normoxia, seawater containing acetone under normoxia and hypoxia, and seawater containing 10 or 250 μg/L naphthalene under normoxia and hypoxia. Our results suggest that hypoxia does not significantly alter naphthalene bioaccumulation in either the gills or the hepatopancreas of P. aztecus. The absence of a promoting effect of hypoxia on naphthalene bioaccumulation is attributed to the increased disposition of naphthalene when the shrimps are subjected to hypoxia. 相似文献
56.
《Marine Policy》2017
By 2019, the Common Fisheries Policy will prohibit discarding in all European fisheries of any pelagic, demersal or shellfish species for which removals are managed by TACs and quotas or minimum sizes. However, the regulation allows for exemptions from the prohibition for species for which scientific evidence demonstrates high survival rates associated with discarding. Producing reliable evidence of high survival typically requires long and costly studies involving tagging or captivity. This paper proposes to use the capacity to resist air exposure, a key stressor for discarded animals, as a proxy for survival that can be used to prioritize candidate species for more in-depth discard survival studies. The time required to induce mortality (TM) in air-exposed fish was estimated for ten discarded species under commercial fishing conditions for two artisanal French otter trawlers in the Bay of Biscay and in the English Channel. European seabass, plaice, sole and skates had extended TM values on average, suggesting that these species are good candidates. The three species observed in both regions (plaice, sole and skates) had larger TM values in the English Channel experiment compared to the Bay of Biscay experiment. Among the four measured external conditions that could influence TM (air temperature, fish length, tow depth and tow duration), the air temperature was the most important and the factor that most distinguished the two experiments. 相似文献
57.
Rénald Belley Philippe Archambault Bjorn Sundby Franck Gilbert Jean-Marc Gagnon 《Continental Shelf Research》2010
The bottom water in the >300 m deep Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) is persistently hypoxic in contrast to the normoxic bottom waters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL). We photographed the seabed at 11 stations in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) during the summers 2006 and 2007 and analysed the images to identify bioturbation traces (lebensspuren) and benthic macrofauna. The objective was to identify the environmental variables that influence the density and diversity of benthic macrofauna and bioturbation traces, and the differences that exist among regions with high, medium and low oxygen levels in the bottom water. The bottom water oxygen concentration is the variable that best explains the densities of total-traces as well as surface-traces. However, the density of these traces was higher in hypoxic regions than in well-oxygenated regions. The higher density of traces in the hypoxic region of the LSLE is mainly due to the activities of the surface deposit feeder Ophiura sp., which occurs in large numbers in this region. Possible explanations explored are stress behaviour of the organisms in response to hypoxia and different benthic macrofauna community structures between the hypoxic regions of the LSLE and the normoxic regions of the GSL. In the former, surface deposit feeders and low-oxygen tolerant species dominate over suspension feeders and low-oxygen intolerant species. 相似文献
58.
浅水湖泊湖泛(黑水团)中的微生物生态学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
"湖泛"是指湖泊水体中(包括沉积物)富含大量藻源性(或草源性)的生物质,在微生物的分解作用下,大量消耗氧气,出现厌氧分解,微生物在还原条件下,促进许多"黑臭"物质的形成,进而影响水质和湖泊生态系统结构与功能乃至造成环境灾难.与湖泛发生时的环境特征(如低溶解氧,低p H,高有机质,高总磷、总氮)相对应的是其简化的食物网结构和特殊的微生物类群.本文将主要针对湖泛中的微生物群落及其在物质循环中的作用展开综述.研究显示湖泛水体中主要微生物类群,如真菌、细菌厚壁菌门的梭菌以及产甲烷古菌等,在有机质的快速分解和厌氧矿化过程中发挥着重要作用;沉积物中主要的微生物功能群,如硫酸盐还原细菌、铁还原细菌、甲烷厌氧氧化菌和反硝化细菌等,是湖泛致黑物质形成的关键.缺氧及厌氧条件下碳、硫和铁等元素生物地球化学过程的相互关联以及多种微生物之间形成的互营共生可能是湖泛过程中功能微生物的重要特征.湖泛中微生物功能的进一步研究,亟需借鉴海洋低氧区及深海沉积物的经验,引用先进研究手段,提出可靠的生物地球化学证据.浅水湖泊湖泛(黑水团)中的微生物生态学探索将有助于从机理上揭示湖泛黑臭的成因. 相似文献