Sedimentary facies analysis and depositional model of gravity-flow deposits of the Yanchang Formation,southwestern Ordos Basin,NW China     

F. Liu  Y. Li  M. Xue  J. Sun 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(7):885-902

During the deposition of the Chang-7 (Ch-7) and Chang-6 (Ch-6) units in the Upper Triassic, gravity flows were developed widely in a deep lake in the southwestern Ordos Basin, China. Based on cores, outcrops, well-logs and well-testing data, this paper documents the sedimentary characteristics of the gravity-flow deposits and constructs a depositional model. Gravity-flow deposits in the study area comprise seven lithofacies types, which are categorised into four groups: slides and slumps, debris-flow-dominated lithofacies, turbidity-current-dominated lithofacies, and deep-water mudstone-dominated lithofacies. The seven lithofacies form two sedimentary entities: sub-lacustrine fan and the slump olistolith, made up of three and two lithofacies associations, respectively. Lithofacies association 1 is a channel–levee complex with fining-/thinning-upward sequences whose main part is characterised by sandy debris flow-dominated, thick-bedded massive sandstones. Lithofacies association 2 represents distributary channelised lobes of sub-lacustrine fans, which can be further subdivided into distributary channel, channel lateral margin and inter-channel. Lithofacies association 3 is marked by non-channelised lobes of sub-lacustrine fans, including sheet-like turbidites and deep-lake mudstones. Lithofacies association 4 is represented by proximal lobes of slump olistolith, consisting of slides and slumps. Lithofacies association 5 is marked by distal lobes of slump olistolith, comprising tongue-shaped debris flow lobes and turbidite lobes. It is characterised by sandy debris flow, muddy debris flow-dominated sandstone and sandstone with classic Bouma sequences. Several factors caused the generation of gravity flows in the Ordos Basin, including sediment supply, terrain slope and external triggers, such as volcanisms, earthquakes and seasonal floods. The sediment supply of sub-lacustrine fan was most likely from seasonal floods with a high net-to-gross and incised channels. Triggered by volcanisms and earthquakes, the slump olistolith is deposited by the slumping and secondary transport of unconsolidated sediments in the delta front or prodelta with a low net-to-gross and no incised channels.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿铀矿物地质地球化学特征及其成因意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴柏林  张婉莹  宋子升  寸小妮  孙莉  罗晶晶  李艳青  程相虎  孙斌 《地质学报》2016,90(12):3393-3407

鄂尔多斯盆地北部已发现系列砂岩型铀矿,由东往西依次有东胜铀矿、杭锦旗(纳岭沟)铀矿、大营铀矿等大型、特大型矿床,成为我国目前砂岩型铀矿发现规模最大、最具远景的地区。研究表明,它们具有相似的矿床地质特征和形成环境。在矿床成矿作用研究中,铀的存在形式及铀矿物特征对砂岩铀矿来说是一项重要的内容,其认识对铀的地浸开采可提供重要依据,也是了解砂岩型铀矿形成机制或矿床形成环境及成因的重要信息。本文主要从三个方面对鄂尔多斯盆地北部大营铀矿、纳岭沟铀矿等主要砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物地质地球化学特征和成因进行了研究和探讨。通过电子探针测试,高分辨率扫描电镜观察等手段,认为盆地北部铀矿的铀矿物类型主要为铀石,含少量的沥青铀矿、钛铀矿、水硅铀石、钍铀石等;铀矿物常与黄铁矿、有机质(煤屑)及方解石相伴生。采用逐级化学提取等方法定量地分析了铀矿物占矿石中铀配分的比例关系,认为其中铀矿物和吸附态约各占铀存在形式的50%。首次对砂岩型铀矿的铀矿物进行微区原位LA-ICP-MS稀土元素分析,认为ΣREE在铀矿物铀石中高度富集,是矿石中稀土元素的主要载体;稀土元素是铀矿石中可综合利用的有益组份,其标准化曲线表现为明显的右倾型,轻稀土富集,轻重稀土分馏强烈,δEu和δCe具较弱的负异常,说明总体上铀矿化形成于外生后成环境。从上述铀矿物特征,初步探讨了铀矿化形成的环境与成因,认为铀矿化形成经历了至少为低温流体作用的环境;铀矿化形成于浅部地壳即外生后成环境而与深源作用无关。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系热演化史恢复与生烃史——以麟游-旬邑地区为例     

曹展鹏  任战利  熊平  祁凯  陈占军 《地质学报》2016,90(3):513-520

本文应用古地温恢复法及盆地模拟法,恢复鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系最大古地温梯度、热演化史和生烃史。根据钻孔测温曲线求得渭北隆起现今地温梯度为3.12℃/100m。该区在二叠纪和三叠纪进入快速沉降阶段,早侏罗世早白垩世进入缓慢沉降阶段,晚白垩世以来进入抬升剥蚀阶段,剥蚀厚度在1100~1300 m。旬邑地区奥陶系烃源岩在早二叠世约270 Ma进入生油窗,晚三叠世约210 Ma进入成熟生油阶段。晚侏罗世约150 Ma开始大量生气,在早白垩世末期96 Ma左右,地层达到最大埋深及最高古地温,达到生气高峰。热史恢复及模拟结果表明旬邑地区早白垩世地温梯度最高可达到5.0℃/100 m,是主要生气期。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期古湖盆生物相带划分及地质意义     

杨华  傅强  齐亚林  周新平  龚宁  黄少雄 《沉积学报》2016,34(4):688-693

鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世发育大型坳陷型湖盆。湖水的升降影响着湖盆水体面积的大小、深浅以及沉积体系发育分布,进而影响全盆地晚三叠延长统地层生储盖组合的发育特征。通过野外剖面、钻井岩芯中古生物化石的鉴定,结合古生物组合特征对鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖盆的古生物生态环境进行了恢复。确定鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆是一个最大水深不超过60 m的浅水湖盆,属于温暖潮湿的淡水-半咸水环境。从湖岸到湖心,可以划分为预测古水深1～2 m的河流-沼泽生物相带;预测古水深3～15 m的滨岸-河口三角洲生物相带;预测古水深15～35 m的浅湖生物相带;预测古水深在35～60 m范围的半-深湖生物相带。这些生物相带的划分,为恢复鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世时期的岩相古地理奠定了基础,为盆地延长组沉积边界、盆地内沉积体系发育展布以及沉积相带的划分提供了坚实的地质依据,具有理论与实际意义。  相似文献   

Characteristics and Origin of Tight Oil Accumulations in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, North-Central China     

WU Songtao  ZOU Caineng  ZHU Rukai  YAO Jingli  TAO Shizhen  YANG Zhi  HAI Xiufen  CUI Jingwei  LIN Senhu 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(5):1821-1837

The Upper Triassic oil accumulations in the Ordos Basin is the most successful tight oil play in China,with average porosity values of less than 10% and permeability values below 1.0 mD.This study investigated the geological characteristics and origin of the tight oil accumulations in the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Shanbei area based on over 50,000 petrological,source-rock analysis,well logging and production data.The tight oil accumulation of the Chang 6 member is distributed continuously in the basin slope and the centre of the basin.The oilwater relationships are complex.Laumontite dissolution pores are the most important storage spaces,constituting 30%-60% of total porosity and showing a strong positive relationship with oil production.The pore-throat diameter is less than 1 μm,and the calculated critical height of the oil column is much larger than the tight sand thickness,suggesting that the buoyancy was probably of limited importance for oil migration.The pressure difference between the source rocks and sandstone reservoirs is inferred to have provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration.Two factors of source-reservoir configuration and laumontite dissolution contributed to the formation of the Chang 6 tight oil accumulations.Intense hydrocarbon generation and continuous sand bodies close to the hydrocarbon kitchen are the foundation for the large-scale oil distribution.Dissolution of feldspar-laumontite during the process of organic matter evolution generated abundant secondary pores and improved the reservoir quality.  相似文献   

The Relationship between Jurassic Coal Measures and Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in the Northeastern Ordos Basin, China     

JIAO Yangquan  WU Liqun  RONG Hui  PENG Yunbiao  MIAO Aisheng  WANG Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2117-2132

Outcrop and drill hole data show that the Jurassic coal measures in the northeastern Ordos Basin are composed mainly of the Yan'an Formation and the lowstand system tract of the Zhiluo Formation,and there is a regional unconformity between them. The Dongsheng uranium deposit is associated with the Jurassic coal measures. Research data indicate that the Jurassic coal measures in the study area have a certain hydrocarbon-generating capacity,although the metamorphic grade is low(Ro=0.40%–0.58%). In the Dongsheng region alone,the accumulative amount of generated coalbed methane(CBM) is about 2028.29 × 108 –2218.72 × 108 m~3; the residual amount is about 50.92 × 108 m~3,and the lost amount is about 1977 × 108 m~3. Analysis of the burial history of the host rocks and the evolutionary history of the Dongsheng uranium deposit suggests that the Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon mainly from Middle Jurassic to Early Crataceous,which is the main mineralization phase of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. By the Late Cretaceous,a mass of CBM dissipated due to the strong tectonic uplift,and the Dongsheng uranium deposit stepped into the preservation phase. Therefore,the low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the Jurassic coal measures not only served as a reducing agent for the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but also rendered the second reduction of paleo-interlayer oxidation zone and become the primary reducing agent for ore conservation. Regional strata correlation reveals that the sandstone-type uranium reservoir at the bottom of the Zhiluo Formation is in contact with the underlying industrial coal seams in the Yan'an Formation through incision or in the form of an unconformity surface. In the Dongsheng region with poorly developed fault systems,the unconformity surface and scour surface served as the main migration pathways for low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid migrating to the uranium reservoir.  相似文献   

Bicyclic alkanes in source rocks of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin and their inconsistency in oil-source correlation     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Triassic Yanchang Formation is the main source rocks for Mesozoic oil in Ordos Basin. The formation includes 10 oil-bearing beds (Ch 1–Ch 10), that each can be further divided into two to three intervals. Abundant C₁₂–C₁₄ and C₁₅–C₁₆ bicyclic alkanes have been detected in the formation in the Xifeng oilfield, Ordos Basin. The C₁₂–C₁₄ group is dominated by C₁₂ and C₁₃, and the C₁₅–C₁₆ group contains abundant C₁₅. The groups show three distribution patterns: A) the C₁₂–C₁₄ group is the major component in the non-source rocks of the Ch 7-1 and Ch 8-1 intervals; B) both groups are abundant and are common in source rocks of the Ch 7-3 interval; and C) the C₁₅–C₁₆ group is the major component in source rocks of the Ch 7-3 interval and also in sediments that contain type Ⅰ or partial sapropel type Ⅱ₁ organic matter (OM) in the Ch 7-2 and Ch 8-1 intervals. Although thermal maturities of the source rocks in the Ch 7 section are similar, they show significant differences with respect to the drimane isomerisation index, which indicates that the drimane rearrangement is controlled by thermal evolution of the sediments, but may also be closely related to the depositional environment. This study determined that reducing environments are more conducive to preservation of drimane than oxic environments. The drimane isomerisation index and the value of the hopane parameter Tm/Ts are positively correlated. The parameter Tm/Ts varies over a wide range within the sequence, and the large variations may be a result of terrigenous OM input by turbidity currents and/or gravity flows, mixed with the autochthonous sediments. Abundant homodrimane in both source rocks may reflect reducing environments in deep lakes and major input of higher plant OM. Organic-rich shale and oil shale in the Ch 7-3 interval of the Yanchang Formation are the primary sources of oil in reservoirs in the Xifeng area. The crude oil is rich in bicyclic alkanes that are dominated by C₁₅–C₁₆ as source rocks with pattern C for bicyclic alkanes, which indicates an origin mainly from the Ch 7-3 interval. The main peaks in all of the crude oils are associated with 8β(H)-drimane and lower abundance of rearranged drimane. However, most of the source rocks have a main peak associated with 8β(H)-homodrimane or rearranged drimane. Weak microbial action, selective degradation and water washing may be the cause of the significant difference in bicyclic sesquiterpane composition between the crude oil and the source rocks. The result suggests that oil-source correlations based on the bicyclic sesquiterpanes are questionable.  相似文献   

Formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas accumulation process in the Daniudi Gas Field,Northeast Ordos Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Daniudi Gas Field is a typical large-scale coal-generated wet gas field located in the northeastern Ordos Basin that contains multiple Upper Paleozoic gas-bearing layers and considerable reserves of gas. Based on integrated analysis of reservoir petrology, carbonate cement C–O isotope, geochemistry of source rocks and HC gas and numerical basin modeling, a comprehensive study focusing on the formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas generation process uncovers a different gas accumulation scene in Daniudi Gas Field. The gas accumulation discovered was controlled by the reservoir permeability reduction and gas generation process, and can be divided into two distinct stages by the low permeability reservoir formation time: before the low permeability reservoir formation, the less matured gas was driven by buoyancy, migrated laterally towards NE and then accumulated in NE favorable traps during Late Triassic to early Early Cretaceous; after the low permeability reservoir formation, highly matured gas was driven by excessive pressure, migrated vertically and accumulated in-situ or near the gas-generating centers during early to late Early Cretaceous. The coupling relationship between reservoir diagenetic evolution and gas generation process controlled on gas accumulation of the Daniudi Gas Field. This study will aid in understanding the gas accumulation process and planning further E&D of the Upper Paleozoic super-imposed gas layers in the whole Ordos Basin and other similar super-imposed low permeability gas layer basins.  相似文献   

Controls on reservoir heterogeneity of tight sand oil reservoirs in Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area,southwest Ordos Basin,China: Implications for reservoir quality prediction and oil accumulation     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Compared to conventional reservoirs, pore structure and diagenetic alterations of unconventional tight sand oil reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is a major tight-oil-bearing formation in the Ordos Basin, providing an opportunity to study the factors that control reservoir heterogeneity and the heterogeneity of oil accumulation in tight oil sandstones.The Chang 8 tight oil sandstone in the study area is comprised of fine-to medium-grained, moderately to well-sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. The reservoir quality is extremely heterogeneous due to large heterogeneities in the depositional facies, pore structures and diagenetic alterations. Small throat size is believed to be responsible for the ultra-low permeability in tight oil reservoirs. Most reservoirs with good reservoir quality, larger pore-throat size, lower pore-throat radius ratio and well pore connectivity were deposited in high-energy environments, such as distributary channels and mouth bars. For a given depositional facies, reservoir quality varies with the bedding structures. Massive- or parallel-bedded sandstones are more favorable for the development of porosity and permeability sweet zones for oil charging and accumulation than cross-bedded sandstones.Authigenic chlorite rim cementation and dissolution of unstable detrital grains are two major diagenetic processes that preserve porosity and permeability sweet zones in oil-bearing intervals. Nevertheless, chlorite rims cannot effectively preserve porosity-permeability when the chlorite content is greater than a threshold value of 7%, and compaction played a minor role in porosity destruction in the situation. Intensive cementation of pore-lining chlorites significantly reduces reservoir permeability by obstructing the pore-throats and reducing their connectivity. Stratigraphically, sandstones within 1 m from adjacent sandstone-mudstone contacts are usually tightly cemented (carbonate cement > 10%) with low porosity and permeability (lower than 10% and 0.1 mD, respectively). The carbonate cement most likely originates from external sources, probably derived from the surrounding mudstone. Most late carbonate cements filled the previously dissolved intra-feldspar pores and the residual intergranular pores, and finally formed the tight reservoirs.The petrophysical properties significantly control the fluid flow capability and the oil charging/accumulation capability of the Chang 8 tight sandstones. Oil layers usually have oil saturation greater than 40%. A pore-throat radius of less than 0.4 μm is not effective for producible oil to flow, and the cut off of porosity and permeability for the net pay are 7% and 0.1 mD, respectively.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组中组合马五_5亚段白云岩特征及成因机理     

张庄  杨西燕  董兆雄 《海相油气地质》2016,(2):65-71

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组五段5亚段白云岩的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,主要岩性有泥晶白云岩、泥粉晶白云岩和粉晶白云岩等三类。泥晶白云岩类为泥晶结构,阴极发光为暗红光,白云石有序度低;Na、K和Sr值较高;δ~(13)C平均-1.23‰,δ~(18)O平均-7.59‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 81,形成于闭塞局限、盐度相对较高的环境,由准同生白云石化作用所形成,并发育少量晶间微孔。泥粉晶白云岩类为泥晶—细粉晶结构,不发光或发极暗的红光,白云石有序度0.75;常量元素、微量元素大幅降低;δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O的平均值分别是-0.43‰和-7.29‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 36,由准同生后回流渗透白云石化作用所形成,并发育晶间孔。粉晶白云岩不发光或发极暗红光,白云石有序度0.81;常量元素、微量元素有明显的突变;δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O平均值分别为-0.65‰和-6.46‰,锶同位素平均值0.709 67,由埋藏白云石化作用所形成,并发育晶间扩溶孔或溶蚀孔。  相似文献