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The Bengal fan is the largest submarine fan in the world that has formed as a result of high sediment transport from the Himalaya by the Ganga–Brahmaputra river system. The Himalaya was formed as a result of the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates. The initiation of this collision known as “soft” collision occurred around 59 Ma, whereas, the major collision, known as “hard” collision took place around 15 Ma ago. Prior to the collision, sediments into the Bay of Bengal were derived from the northwest by relatively smaller river system like Mahanadi–Godavari. The switching of river systems with time was not distinct but gradational. In the post- collision period, the sediment input from the NW was masked in most instances because of rapid sediment supply from the Himalaya to the north. Pre-collisional sediment dispersal pattern from the NW was largely affected by pre-existing basement high known as 85°E Ridge; this ridge was submerged during the post-collisional period. Post-collisional sediments are commonly referred to as the Bengal fan sediments and show huge accumulation along the shelf and beyond. High resolution 2D seismic data acquired along a corridor covering the upper, middle and distal parts of the present day active Bengal fan system indicates that the fan has prograded southward with time because of continuously increasing sediment supply and has, therefore, masked the effect of eustacy. The present day geometry of the fan shows a single active canyon and an associated single active fan. The active channel shows typical meandering pattern that shifts laterally with time. The seismic facies analysis indicates that both the pre- and post-collision basin has significant hydrocarbon potential. The thermogenic model is best suited for modeling source rock maturity in the pre-collision basin whereas both biogenic and thermogenic models best explain source rock maturity in the post-collision, younger Bengal fan. The wedge out against the 85°E Ridge is considered to be one of the important play types for hydrocarbon exploration in the deeper part of the basin. On the other hand, the channel levee complexes and frontal splay/basin floor fan are the possible target areas for petroleum exploration in relatively younger Bengal fan deposits. 相似文献
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U. P. Shahi Suman Kumar N. P. Singh A. K. Chaubey Yogesh Kumar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2007,35(1):53-65
The potential usefulness of spectral properties and vegetation indices in varietal discrimination of potato genotypes was
studied in the field experiment. Spectral measurements were recorded in different bands in blue (450–520 nm), green (520–590
nm), red (620–680 nm) and infrared (770–860 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum at different stages during crop growth period.
A ground based hand held multiband radiometer (Model/041) was used for the purpose. The mean per cent green reflectance value
among different genotypes was lowest in genotype MS/86-89, while it was observed highest in genotype JX-216. Significant difference
among these genotypes was found at all growth stages except 6 week after planting. Consequent to variation in spectral reflectance
the vegetation indices like, NDVI, RVI, TVI and DVI showed significant difference among genotypes at all growth stages except
at 8th week after planting. The vegetation indices are good indicators of crop growth and condition. Similarly, fresh weight, dry
weight, and leaf area index were also highest in MS/86-89, followed by KUFRI Bahar and KUFRI Sutlej while in case of leaf
area index it was followed by Kufri Sutlej and Kufri Bahar. JX-23 was highest in chlorophyll content and tuber yield followed
by MS/86-89 and JW-160, while lowest chlorophyll content was seen in MS/89-1095 and poorest tuber yield in MS/89-60. Most
of the genotypes exhibited considerable variation in their spectral response and vegetation indices thereby indicating the
possibility of their discrimination through remote sensing technique. 相似文献
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The present paper is concerned with the problem of an orthotropic micropolar half-space subjected to concentrated and distributed
loads. The disturbance due to normal and tangential loads are investigated by employing eigen-value approach. The integral
transforms have been inverted by using a numerical technique to obtain the normal displacement, normal force stress and tangential
couple stress in the physical domain. The results of these quantities are given and illustrated graphically. 相似文献
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Spectral analysis technique has been utilized to identify the Bauxite mineral occurrences in Panchpatmali, Orissa, India. Spectral processing of Landsat ETM+ data has been carried out by converting the digital data from quantized and calibrated values to reflectance values. Minimum noise fraction transformation is used to determine the inherent dimensionality of reflected Landsat ETM+ data, to segregate noise in the data, and to reduce the computational requirements for subsequent processing and interactively to locate pure pixels within the data-set, projecting n-dimensional scatterplots. Spectral processing results are displayed in the form of images corresponding to each group of pixels (endmembers). Mixed tune matched filtering method has been applied on Landsat ETM+ images which gave three score (abundance) images for three different classes (endmembers) such as Bauxite, vegetation and soil. Further, mineralized zones are identified using image fusion of ERS-2 SAR and Landsat ETM+ data using intensity-hue-saturation technique. 相似文献
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Syam Sundar De B. K. De B. Bandyopadhyay B. K. Sarkar Suman Paul D. K. Haldar S. Barui Asim Datta Syam Sundar Paul Nikhilesh Paul 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(10):1273-1279
Several experiments were undertaken at Kolkata (latitude: 22°34′N, longitude: 88°30′E) on the solar eclipse day of August 1, 2008 to observe the effects of the solar eclipse on Fair Weather Field (FWF) and VLF amplitude and phase. The experimental results presented here show significant deviations of the observed parameters from their normal values, as they are determined by the average of the records obtained on 5 days adjacent to the day of the solar eclipse. 相似文献
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Paul F. Greenwood Sarah Wibrow Suman J. George Mark Tibbett 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(3):293-300
Bioremediation strategies continue to be developed to mitigate the environmental impact of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. This study investigated the ability of soil microbiota, adapted by prior exposure, to biodegrade petroleum. Soils from Barrow Is. (W. Australia), a class A nature reserve and home to Australia’s largest onshore oil field, were exposed to Barrow production oil (50 ml/kg soil) and incubated (25 °C) for successive phases of 61 and 100 days. Controls in which oil was not added at Phase I or II were concurrently studied and all treatments were amended with the same levels of additional nutrient and water to promote microbial activity. Prior exposure resulted in accelerated biodegradation of most, but not all, hydrocarbon constituents in the production oil. Molecular biodegradation parameters measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed that several aromatic constituents were degraded more slowly with increased oil history. The unique structural response of the soil microbial community was reflected by the response of different phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) sub-classes (e.g. branched saturated fatty acids of odd or even carbon number) measured using a ratio termed Barrow PLFA ratio (B-PLFAr). The corresponding values of a previously proposed hydrocarbon degrading alteration index showed a negative correlation with hydrocarbon exposure, highlighting the site specificity of PLFA-based ratios and microbial community dynamics. B-PLFAr values increased with each Phase I and II addition of production oil. The different hydrocarbon biodegradation rates and responses of PLFA subclasses to the Barrow production oil probably relate to the relative bioavailability of production oil hydrocarbons. These different effects suggest preferred structural and functional microbial responses to anticipated contaminants may potentially be engineered by controlled pre-exposure to the same or closely related substrates. The bioremediation of soils freshly contaminated with petroleum could benefit from the addition of exhaustively bioremediated soils rich in biota primed for the impacting hydrocarbons. 相似文献
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The southwestern part of south Shillong plateau (Meghalaya, N-E India), designated as Sylhet Limestone Group is sub-divided into three lithounits i.e., Lakadong, Umlatdoh and Prang formations in ascending order. The Prang Formation is the youngest lithostratigraphic unit of the Sylhet Limestone Group and has been dated as Middle to early Upper Eocene based on the benthic foraminifera studies. Thin section analysis of carbonate rocks from Prang Formation, exposed in the Bholaganj limestone quarry yielded a rich assemblage of calcareous algae. The coralline algal assemblage comprises both non-geniculate and geniculate forms. The green algae are represented by species of Halimeda belonging to the family Halimedaceae. Palaeoecological interpretation based on diversity, growth-form analysis and taphonomic aspects of the algal assemblage indicate that in all probabilities the deposition of Prang Formation occurred in shallow, warm, shelf environment of normal salinity within the transgressive phase. 相似文献
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