A fractional order creep constitutive model of warm frozen silt     

Mengke Liao  Yuanming Lai  Enlong Liu  Xusheng Wan 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(2):377-389

A series of triaxial creep tests were conducted on warm frozen silts extracted from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at temperature of ?1.5 °C under confining pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MPa, respectively. The applied test stress levels were 30, 50, 60, and 70% of triaxial shear strength, respectively. The test results indicate that the creep strain increases with the increase in applied stress level and there is a stress threshold, based on which the test results can be classified into two types of creep strain curves. The creep strain curve only includes primary and secondary creep stages when the stress level is less than the threshold value. When the stress level exceeds the threshold value, the creep strain velocity gradually increases and the specimen quickly fails in tertiary creep stage. Based on the creep test results, a fractional order rheological element model is established for warm frozen silt, which is also generalized from uniaxial stress state to the three-dimensional stress state. From the analysis on the features of the stress threshold, a creep strength criterion is also proposed simultaneously. Comparing the calculated results of the warm frozen silt with the tested ones, it is found that the predicted results of the proposed model are in good agreement with the test results. In the proposed fractional order model, the relationship between the damage factor and time is established to describe the damage degree of the specimen. Compared with the existing creep constitutive model of frozen soil, the proposed fractional order model has advantages of fewer model parameters, higher simulation precision and wider applicability in analyzing the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt.  相似文献   

Groundwater and surface-water interactions and impacts of human activities in the Hailiutu catchment,northwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhi Yang  Yangxiao Zhou  Jochen Wenninger  Stefan Uhlenbrook  Xusheng Wang  Li Wan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(5):1341-1355

The interactions between groundwater and surface water have been significantly affected by human activities in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment, northwest China. Several methods were used to investigate the spatial and temporal interactions between groundwater and surface water. Isotopic and chemical analyses of water samples determined that groundwater discharges to the Hailiutu River, and mass balance equations were employed to estimate groundwater seepage rates along the river using chemical profiles. The hydrograph separation method was used to estimate temporal variations of groundwater discharges to the river. A numerical groundwater model was constructed to simulate groundwater discharges along the river and to analyze effects of water use in the catchment. The simulated seepage rates along the river compare reasonably well with the seepage estimates derived from a chemical profile in 2012. The impacts of human activities (river-water diversion and groundwater abstraction) on the river discharge were analyzed by calculating the differences between the simulated natural groundwater discharge and the measured river discharge. Water use associated with the Hailiutu River increased from 1986 to 1991, reached its highest level from 1992 to 2000, and decreased from 2001 onwards. The reduction of river discharge might have negative impacts on the riparian ecosystem and the water availability for downstream users. The interactions between groundwater and surface water as well as the consequences of human activities should be taken into account when implementing sustainable water resources management in the Hailiutu catchment.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠潜水蒸发的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

周燕怡  王旭升 《水文地质工程地质》2019,(5):44-54

为了确定巴丹吉林沙漠潜水蒸发强度与地下水埋深的关系,基于巴丹吉林沙漠的气候背景、砂土特征和不同地下水埋深时的典型植被特点设计了54种情景,利用Hydrus-1D建立不同情景下的SPAC水分运移模型,对周期性气象条件驱动下的潜水蒸发开展数值模拟。模拟结果表明:多年平均潜水蒸发量有着随地下水埋深增大而非线性减小的趋势;不同情景的极限埋深都大于3m,在埋深等于3m时潜水蒸发量都小于最大值的5%;当地下水埋深为0.5~1.5m时,潜水蒸发量对地下水埋深的变化最为敏感;当地下水埋深为1m时,潜水蒸发量对包气带岩性的变化也很敏感;在地下水埋深小于0.5m和大于1.5m的区间,气候、岩性、地下水埋深的变化对潜水蒸发量的影响变得微弱。另外,多年平均潜水蒸发量和地下水埋深的这种非线性关系可以用一个新提出的经验公式进行较为准确的拟合,将这个研究结果用于评价巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊集中区地下水的蒸发消耗,发现潜水蒸发总量显著大于湖面蒸发总量,前者约为后者的2.5~2.6倍,必须在沙漠水分平衡的分析中加以考虑。  相似文献   

中国南方海相页岩气勘探理论：回顾与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭旭升  赵永强  申宝剑  魏祥峰  卢龙飞  潘安阳  李宇平 《地质学报》2022,96(1):172-182

自重庆涪陵焦石坝焦页1井实现我国南方海相页岩气勘探突破后，通过解剖和探索提出了复杂构造区海相页岩气“二元富集”规律的认识。通过“十三五”科技攻关的持续深化研究，进一步阐明了深水陆棚相优质页岩是页岩气“成烃控储”的基础和保存条件是页岩气富集高产的关键的深刻内涵。该套页岩浮游藻类与浮游硅质生物共生、繁盛，硅质生物骨屑的成岩多孔性有利于藻类所生成烃类的原位滞留和后期裂解形成有机孔隙的大量发育与保存，而顶底板封堵条件与后期构造运动强弱是页岩气富集保存的关键要素，揭示了海相页岩气“源储一体，早期滞留，原位富集，晚期改造”的富集保存机理，明确了复杂构造区海相页岩气勘探的目标与方向。深层、常压和陆相页岩气将是四川盆地及周缘页岩气勘探开发的重要接替领域，“十四五”期间四川盆地页岩气勘探将有望得到更大的快速发展。  相似文献   

利用地电场线性极化特性提取地震前兆异常的方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张远富  姚玉霞  赵斐  李旭升 《地震工程学报》2020,42(3):688-695,713

处理平凉台2008—2017年的地电场观测资料,首先对地电场线性极化和非极化异常进行分析,提出利用地电场线性极化特性提取地震前兆异常的方法。其次,采用相关数据处理和计算方法对周期性质、极化系数、极化方向、垂直极化方向上的投影等进行讨论,结果表明平凉台地电场线性极化正常背景特征为:极化方向变化范围N(66.7±6)°E,极化系数在0.7～1之间,垂直极化方向上的投影值波动范围(-0.53～2.61) mV/km。最后,统计分析平凉台周边中强地震与地电场非线性极化异常的关系,认为平凉台地电场对中强地震有较好的映震能力,地电场非极化异常可以作为判断地震前兆异常的一个重要指标,其异常表现为:从震前非极化到震后恢复极化的一个过程,持续时间一般在4～15天,多出现在震前5天到1个月不等。  相似文献   

季节性冻融对土壤水分的作用及其在农业生产中的意义   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20  

龚家栋  祁旭升 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):328-333

正冻土体冻结缘的水势梯度导致非冻结土中的水分向冻结土体迁移，使融解后的土壤水分含量显著提高。然而，土壤水分增加的数量决定于冻结前土壤水分的剖面分布状况。根据田间试验结果，利用土壤冻融作用对土壤剖面水分的再分布，储水灌溉时间可以提前至９月下旬至１０月中旬，灌溉定额可以降低至６０ｍ３／亩，甚至４０ｍ３／亩。灌溉后及时地进行地面覆盖保墒措施，可以改善较早灌溉和低定额灌溉条件下在播种期的土壤墒情，显著提高作物的出苗率。  相似文献   

长江三峡河段下切速率研究^*          下载免费PDF全文

周彬  杨达源  韩志勇  李徐生  王鹏  葛兆帅 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):406-412

长江三峡河段的阶地主要分布在宽谷河段和长江支流河口部位。文章通过对阶地堆积物沉积相的分析和TL测年,计算出了三峡河段不同地点的下切速率:重庆河段为84.56cm/ka,涪陵河段为93.9cm/ka,丰都河段为69.8cm/ka,忠县河段为77.65cm/ka,万州河段为75.1cm/ka,奉节河段为83.8cm/ka,宜昌三斗坪河段为74.2cm/ka。 整个三峡河段的平均下切速率为81.2cm/ka。分析得出:1)三峡河段不同地点的下切速率相近;2)近0.4Ma以来,长江三峡河段的下切速率有越来越快的趋势,这表明该地区在此期间发生了构造隆升而引起河流下切加剧;3) 长江三峡河段的下切速率与金沙江下段相近。  相似文献   

广西喀斯特山区土地石漠化与扶贫开发探析   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

刘彦随  邓旭升  胡业翠 《山地学报》2006,24(2):228-233

石漠化是喀斯特脆弱生态环境和不合理人类活动的共同产物。石漠化地区人口-资源-环境的矛盾非常突出,生态恶化与贫困化的双重压力严重制约区域可持续发展。广西石漠化面积达2.93×104hm2,占石山面积的30%,且以每年1.03%的速度发展,这已经成为影响当地社会经济、资源与环境协调持续发展的关键因素。在分析广西喀斯特山区石漠化及其环境影响效应基础上,对土地石漠化的时空特征、区域环境进行了阐述,认为自然生态环境脆弱、人口素质低和外部基础条件差是广西石漠化治理的难点所在。结合广西喀斯特山区的自然、社会、经济发展实际情况,以适生适种、生态补偿、综合开发为准则,因地制宜地制定广西喀斯特山区石漠化治理与扶贫开发的模式及策略。  相似文献   

The seismic property of reef flat in the Changxing-Feixianguan Formation, Northwest Sichuan Province, China     

Liu Shu  Tang Jianming  Guo Xusheng  Zhao Shuang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(3):358-365

The development of a carbonate reservoir is dominated by its primary sedimentary environment. Generally, a good reservoir must be the oolite of a bank or bioclastics of an organic reef in a marginal mesa, which must deposit on the slope of the mesa. Therefore, the analyses of sequence stratigraphy are the key for predicting the presence of carbonate reservoirs. A typical sequence pattern can be seen in the Puguang gas field. As an independent lithological body, the mechanical property of a reef flat is very different from the surrounding rock, causing stress to concentrate. Stress centralization will, in turn, cause a lot of fractures and faults to develop, and ultimately, result in a gas chimney, which is a seismic smear zone beneath or above the reef flat. Known gas fields, such as the puguang gas field, also possess gas chimneys. Sequence stratigraphy patterns in the marginal mesa and gas chimney near the reservoir are very obvious in all known fields in southeast and east Sichuan Province. By analyzing the seismic features of all known gas fields, a model to predict carbonate reservoirs has been set up. Using this prediction model, we have found that there is a typical reef flat of the marginal mesa in the Malubei structure of Tongnanba structural belts whose sequence stratigraphy pattern is very much like that of the Puguang gas field; and in the Cangxi-Jiulongshan structure, there is another reef flat which is symmetrical to the Malubei reef. The Cangxi reef flat possesses the largest platform edge shallow facies domestically found, and has a typical prograding sequence. Its gas chimney is very obvious too. Because the Cangxi reef flat is in the very vicinity of the hydrocarbon kitchen and the depression is much bigger than that of the Puguang gas fields, we predict that there may be a gigascopic gas field in Cangxi County. There may also be a large gas field in the Malubei structure. Translated from Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(3): 332–339 [译自: 石油与天然气地质]  相似文献   

近50 a来新疆孔雀河灌区地下水流系统演变特征     

韩鹏飞  王旭升  张俊  万力  陈劲松  余堃 《地质科技情报》2022,41(1):109-118

新疆孔雀河灌区面临地下水超采问题,科学认识区域地下水流系统的发育条件和演变特征,是优化地下水资源开发利用方式的基础.通过构建第四系含水层三维地下水稳定流模型,利用流线追踪技术,模拟识别了孔雀河流域19702020年期间地下水流系统的变化特征.结果 表明,不同补给区和排泄区通过流线进行组合,在孔雀河周边形成了交错分布的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局随灌区地下水开采规模而变化.在20世纪70年代的拟天然状态,灌区主要发育自北向南的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局取决于水文地质参数和排泄要素,并可能存在1～4个以孔雀河为排泄带的流动系统.在有强烈地下水开采的现状条件下,灌区地下水流系统转变为从四周流向漏斗中心,截断了从孔雀河上游渗漏到中下游河道排泄的水流系统.近50 a来,以潜水蒸发为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积萎缩了29％,而以地下水开采为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积从零增加到研究区面积的40％.潜水蒸发对自然生态系统具有重要的支撑作用,灌区地下水开采应有所控制以保障潜水蒸发型地下水流系统的发育条件.  相似文献