哺乳动物群指示的气候旋回——以周口店早更新世哺乳动物群为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程捷 《地学前缘》1997,(Z1)

文章根据对周口店地区四个哺乳动物群的分析，讨论了该区早更新世气候及生态环境的变迁。第１８地点显示了约１．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干凉气候和森林—草原植被。第１２地点指示了１．７０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的湿热气候和茂密森林生态环境。东洞则记录了１．２０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．的干冷气候和草原景观。到第９地点时（约１．００～０．９０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．），气候炎热，森林和草原植被同时发育  相似文献   

Vicissitude of Sogo Nur and environmental-climatic change during last 1500 years     

JIN Heling  XIAO Honglang  SUN Liangying  ZHANG Hong  SUN Zhong  LI Xiaoze 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z1)

Lakes in arid zone are sensitive to climatic changes. The lacustrine sediment sequence in Sogo Nur has well and truly recorded climatic events such as the Sui-Tang Dynasty Warm Period, the Song-Liao Dynasty Cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the 20th Century Warm Period. Commonly, the climate in warm Periods was relatively humid,accordingly the lake area extended and water level rose, and vice versa. Apart from climatic change, human activity is also an important factor of influencing lake vicissitude, and they played the dominant role alternatively during different periods; the factor of climatic change predominated in historical period, while since the beginning of the 20th century the utilization of water resources by human has became decisive.  相似文献   

全球气候变化背景下的西北地区生态环境建设、可持续发展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李栋 《山西气象》2004,(3):15-17,24

本文通过对西北地区气候与生态环境、可持续发展的调查研究，提出我国应高度重视全球气候变化的影响，要在气候变化的背景下，通过人类的有序活动促进我国生态环境建设和经济社会的可持续发展，实现人和自然的和谐共存。  相似文献   

最优气候相似法及其在降水预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘兵 《气象》2004,30(5):7-11

介绍了一种短期气候预测方法———最优气候相似法 ,并应用于张家界地区 1 999～ 2 0 0 2年 5～ 7月总降水预报中 ,结果显示最优气候相似法能够有效地提高短期气候的预测能力 ,特别对气候异常具有良好的反应能力 ,适合于短期气候业务预报。  相似文献   

西藏纳木错和藏北高原古大湖晚更新世以来的湖泊演化与气候变迁   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

朱大岗孟宪刚  赵希涛邵兆刚杨朝斌  马志邦吴中海 王建平 《中国地质》2004,31(3):269-277

根据野外水准测量与室内实验分析，本文探讨了西藏纳木错和藏北高原古大湖晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁。在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下，发育了6级湖岸阶地，拔湖48-139．2m发育有高位湖相沉积。研究表明，纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段：①116-37ka B．P．间的古大湖期；②37-30ka B．P．间的外流湖期；③30kaB．P．以来的纳木错期。在古大湖阶段，包括纳木错、色林错和扎日南木错、当惹雍错等藏北高原东南部的一大批现代大、中、小型湖泊，都是互相连通的一个古大湖，其范围可能超过了现代的藏北内、外流(怒江)水系的分水岭。它或许还与藏北高原南部和西部的其他古湖相连，成为统一的藏北高原“古大湖”。通过对纳木错湖相沉积形成时代与深海氧同位素对比，易溶盐、pH值、地球化学、介形类和孢粉分析等的综合研究发现，湖相沉积记录了自晚更新世以来的湖泊演化和气候变迁信息。资料显示古大湖期湖面最高，气候温和清爽；外流湖期湖面急剧下降，气温和湿度较现今略高；纳木错期以来气候经历了全新世最宜期的暖湿后日益干旱化，气温波动，湖面持续下降。表明自晚更新世以来该区气候在逐渐变干的总趋势的基础上，经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。  相似文献   

中国热带近百年气候波动与灾害     

黄镇国  张伟强  HUANG Zhenguo  ZHANG Weiqiang 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(Z1)

The temperature appeared rising trend during the 20th century in China's tropics.Two cooling stages and two warming stages in the process of climatic fluctuation can be recognized.After the 1980s the climate is the warmest which corresponds to the global change,but the warmest period is the 1940s in Kunming.The climate pattern mostly appears contemporaneity of warming and humidity,which is different from the situation of whole China.The natural disasters tend to be aggravated.The number of typhoons increased.Flood damages occurred frequently in the years of more typhoons.The number of droughts and cold damages increased.It was snowed in Guangzhou.There was frost in Haikou and Yaxian.Four years of heavy snow have been recorded in Kunming.  相似文献   

Rainfall thresholds for landsliding in the Himalayas of Nepal   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Emmanuel J. Gabet  Douglas W. Burbank  Jaakko K. Putkonen  Beth A. Pratt-Sitaula  Tank Ojha 《Geomorphology》2004,63(3-4):131-143

Landsliding of the hillslope regolith is an important source of sediment to the fluvial network in the unglaciated portions of the Himalayas of Nepal. These landslides can produce abrupt increases of up to three orders of magnitude in the fluvial sediment load in less than a day. An analysis of 3 years of daily sediment load and daily rainfall data defines a relationship between monsoonal rainfall and the triggering of landslides in the Annapurna region of Nepal. Two distinct rainfall thresholds, a seasonal accumulation and a daily total, must be overcome before landslides are initiated. To explore the geomorphological controls on these thresholds, we develop a slope stability model, driven by daily rainfall data, which accounts for changes in regolith moisture. The pattern of rainfall thresholds predicted by the model is similar to the field data, including the decrease in the daily rainfall threshold as the seasonal rainfall accumulation increases. Results from the model suggest that, for a given hillslope, regolith thickness determines the seasonal rainfall necessary for failure, whereas slope angle controls the daily rainfall required for failure.  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Wind and Temperature Fields over Beijing Area in Summer   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

HU Xiaoming  LIU Shuhu  WANG Yingchun  LI Ju 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2005,19(1):120-127

1. IntroductionThe basic role of urban-rural boundary layer re-search is to study all kinds of physical process changesin the atmosphere boundary layer over urban and itssurrounding areas. Urban heat island (UHI) is a well-known feature of urban-rural climate. Attempts toincrease the understanding of the causes of the UHIand other urban-rural boundary layer phenomena haveused observational, theoretical and modelling methodssince long before. Seaman (1989) used a hydrostaticmodel, with real …  相似文献   

内蒙古干湿环境演变与地区生态建设优势气候背景分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

代海燕  李丹  娜日苏  陈素华  都瓦拉 《干旱区地理》2019,42(4):745-752

通过内蒙古地区近46 a降水和潜在蒸散量以及湿润度在气温突变前后的倾向率和差值变化分析，得出该区域主要植被类型干湿环境演变的时空变化特征。研究结果表明：降水在气温突变前“东增西减”，突变后呈相反的变化趋势。46 a降水倾向率增加区域主要集中在呼伦贝尔市东部和乌兰察布市以西大部地区；潜在蒸散量在气温突变前呈减少趋势，突变后有增加趋势，突变后潜在蒸散量明显小于突变前。内蒙古46 a潜在蒸散量倾向率大部地区偏小，偏大区域仅存在于中东部偏北地区，气温突变后全区大部地区存在明显的“蒸发悖论”；大兴安岭西麓和乌兰察布市以西地区突变后湿润度增加明显，暖湿的气候环境有利于当地植被建设和生态恢复，内蒙古东南部、呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒盟草原区有暖干化趋势，上述草原区存在潜在退化风险。  相似文献   

The impact of rural land management changes on soil hydraulic properties and runoff processes: results from experimental plots in upland UK          下载免费PDF全文

M. R. Marshall  C. E. Ballard  Z. L. Frogbrook  I. Solloway  B. Reynolds  H. S. Wheater 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2617-2629

To develop an evidence base to help predict the impacts of land management change on flood generation, four experimental sites were established on improved grassland used for sheep grazing at the Pontbren catchment in upland Wales, UK. At each site, three plots were established where surface runoff was measured, supplemented by measurements of soil infiltration rates and soil and vegetation physical properties. Following baseline monitoring, treatments were applied to two of the plots: exclusion of sheep (ungrazed) and exclusion of sheep and planting with native broadleaf tree species (tree planted), with the third plot acting as a control (grazed pasture). Due to a particularly dry summer that occurred pre‐treatment, the soil hydrological responses were initially impacted by the effects of the climate on soil structure. Nevertheless, treatments did have a clear influence on soil hydrological response. On average, post‐treatment runoff volumes were reduced by 48% and 78% in ungrazed and tree‐planted plots relative to the control, although all results varied greatly over the sites. Five years following treatment application, near‐surface soil bulk density was reduced and median soil infiltration rates were 67 times greater in plots planted with trees compared to grazed pasture. The results illustrate the potential use of upland land management for ameliorating local‐scale flood generation but emphasise the need for long‐term monitoring to more clearly separate the effects of land management from those of climatic variability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献