球粒状和棒状纳米赤铁矿光电化学特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙曼仪  任桂平  鲁安怀  李艳  丁竑瑞 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(6):817-824

本文以乙二醇为诱导剂通过电化学沉积法成功合成了球粒状及棒状纳米赤铁矿。X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和Raman光谱结果表明,球粒状赤铁矿粒径20±5 nm;棒状赤铁矿截面直径约20 nm,长90±10 nm;二者物相皆为单一均匀的赤铁矿。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示两种赤铁矿在300~550 nm范围内均有较好吸收,Tauc方程计算球粒状和棒状赤铁矿禁带宽度分别为2.00 e V和1.99 e V。Mott-Schottky拟合结果表明1 M KOH溶液体系中,棒状赤铁矿载流子浓度为1.95×1021cm-3,高于球粒状赤铁矿(3.16×1020cm-3)。进一步的光电化学实验表明:0.6 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电势下棒状赤铁矿光照下电流密度较暗电流提升550%,球粒状赤铁矿电流密度提升77%。研究证实,赤铁矿形貌对其半导体特性及光电化学特性有影响,且棒状赤铁矿电极表现出更好的可见光响应特性,具有更佳的光电催化潜力。  相似文献   

The influence of increased iron concentration on survival and growth of seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina          下载免费PDF全文

Xi‐Tao Wang  Qian Zhang  Yan‐Shan Liu  Pei‐Dong Zhang  Wen‐Tao Li 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants but toxic at high concentrations. We subjected seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina to different seawater iron concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 1,000 and 1,500 μg/L) for 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Natural seawater without added iron (500 μg/L) was used as reference seawater. No sediments were provided to avoid iron scavenging by particle surfaces in the sediment. We measured plant response in terms of survivorship, morphology, growth rate and productivity. Survival analysis combined with morphological, dynamic and productive assessment suggested that the optimum seawater iron concentration for the establishment of Z. marina seedlings and young plants is 700 μg/L. The no observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, lethal concentration that caused an increase in mortality to 10% of that of the control, and the effect concentration that caused a decrease in growth to 10% of that of the control values of young plants were significantly lower than those of seedlings, implying an increased sensitivity to high Fe concentrations (>1,000 μg/L). This study further develops our understanding of the physiological ecology of the early life stages of Z. marina and provides data that could prove helpful in the development of successful eelgrass restoration and conservation.  相似文献   

基于小波变换和数学形态学的潮沟提取方法研究     

和思海  韩震  朱言江  胡旭冉  丁如一 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):123-129

潮沟是潮滩的主要地貌类型之一,潮沟信息的检测对湿地生态环境的监测和保护有着重要意义。本文以长江口九段沙下沙北部发育比较复杂的潮沟为研究对象,使用2016年1月26日Landsat8全色波段数据,采用了一种融合小波变换、最大类间方差法和数学形态学的方法对潮沟边缘信息进行了检测。小波变换中通过减小高层小波系数,达到弱化潮滩灰度变化的目的;通过增大低层小波系数,达到增强潮沟信息的目的;利用数学形态学和图像之间的几何(加减乘)运算,完成潮沟的提取;最后,分别在原始数据和检测结果相应的位置取样进行精度验证,样方潮沟面积一致性精度平均为92.1%。  相似文献   

CBCT对上气道形态的研究进展     

郑颖  蔡兴伟  杨永进  郝丽静 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(6):873-880

上气道为人体重要的组成部分,随着多种影像学手段的应用,对其认识逐步深入。以往研究有其局限性或不可靠性,目前锥形束CT(CBCT)已成为研究气道形态大小的主要手段。总结应用CBCT研究气道的多种气道划分标准、多种分析测量软件及方法,主要通过测量气道容积、长度、不同截面矢状径、横径和面积等项目,研究不同骨面型患者的气道特点,得出差异所在,用以指导气道疾病的治疗及错颌畸形的正畸正颌手术等。   相似文献   

Riparian reforestation and channel change: A case study of two small tributaries to Sleepers River, northeastern Vermont, USA     

Maeve McBride  W. Cully Hession  Donna M. Rizzo 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):445-459

Measurements of two small streams in northeastern Vermont, collected in 1966 and 2004–2005, document considerable change in channel width following a period of passive reforestation. Channel widths of several tributaries to Sleepers River in Danville, VT, USA, were previously measured in 1966 when the area had a diverse patchwork of forested and nonforested riparian vegetation. Nearly 40 years later, we remeasured bed widths and surveyed large woody debris (LWD) in two of these tributaries, along 500 m of upper Pope Brook and along nearly the entire length (3 km) of an unnamed tributary (W12). Following the longitudinal survey, we collected detailed channel and riparian information for nine reaches along the same two streams. Four reaches had reforested since 1966; two reaches remained nonforested. The other three reaches have been forested since at least the 1940s. Results show that reforested reaches were significantly wider than as measured in 1966, and they are more incised than all other forested and nonforested reaches. Visual observations, cross-sectional surveys, and LWD characteristics indicate that reforested reaches continue to change in response to riparian reforestation. The three reaches with the oldest forest were widest for a given drainage area, and the nonforested reaches were substantially narrower. Our observations culminated in a conceptual model that describes a multiphase process of incision, widening, and recovery following riparian reforestation of nonforested areas. Results from this case study may help inform stream restoration efforts by providing insight into potentially unanticipated changes in channel size associated with the replanting of forested riparian buffers adjacent to small streams.  相似文献   

The morphology and hydrology of small spring-dominated channels     

Ronald E. Griffiths  Diana E. Anderson  Abraham E. Springer   《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):511-521

Small, low order channels located in wet meadows along the Mogollon Rim of northern Arizona that receive the bulk of their flow from spring discharge exhibit a morphology that differs markedly from channels that receive the bulk of their flow from runoff. These small, spring-dominated channels generally have dense vegetation cover, vertical (or near vertical) banks with flat channel beds that are armored with clasts up to 60 mm. Clasts armoring the spring-dominated channels become mobile at 45 to 85% of the bankfull depth. The lack of fine-grained material in the bed of the spring-dominated channels reflects the small drainage size, lack of fine grain input from the spring, and winnowing affect of the consistent discharge. Minor amounts of large woody debris were present in some of the spring-dominated channels, however, unlike previous studies it does not appear to play a role in the spring-dominated channel morphology. Sinuosity values for spring-dominated channels averaged 1.19, while the average sinuosity values for the runoff-dominated channels, 1.08, were significantly lower. Measured width-to-depth ratios averaged 2.4 in the spring-dominated channels, much lower than the average ratio of 11.6 found for the runoff-dominated channels. The standard deviation of width-to-depth ratios was higher for runoff-dominated channels, reflecting a more variable channel profile. A third channel type, here referred to as hybrid channels, receive significant flow from both springs and runoff. These channels have characteristics that fall between spring-dominated and runoff-dominated channels.Elevation, gradient, organic matter content, and sediment grain size distribution of the wet meadows in which the channels are formed do not exhibit significant differences between channel types, suggesting that these factors are not responsible for the observed differences in channel morphologies. The major differences in controls on the channel morphology found between the spring-dominated and runoff-dominated channels are the discharge regime and the sediment input. The hydrology unique to the spring-dominated channels and the lack of fine-grained sediment input combine to create the observed differences.  相似文献   

尼日尔深水区海底扇水道地震形态与迁移历史     

张国涛  张尚锋  李媛  王振奇 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(1):19-24,6,5

尼日尔下陆坡深水区的水道发育具多期次特征,内部结构与外形复杂多变,其地理位置与沉积环境不利水道体系的研究.通过地层切片、RMS振幅属性等方法展示不同时间单元水道形态,分析水道体系的期次变换与内部结构的变形过程,探讨水道体系的迁移演化历史.结果表明:中新世中期多发育孤立水道,晚期二级海平面大幅度下降引发大规模浊积事件,促使大量加积式水道形成,在平直处以垂向加积为主,弯曲处呈现垂向加积同时伴随侧向迁移特征.水道演化大致可分为3个阶段:初始侵蚀、切割与充填交替进行、废弃阶段,伴随3个阶段水道弯度发生由中到高再下降的变化.水道的交互式切割与充填基本贯穿第2阶段,切割与充填作为水道弯曲变形一对驱动力,使水道在平面上发生3种迁移方式:侧向摆动、下行迁移、侧向与下行混合迁移.  相似文献   

Bifurcation modelling in a meandering gravel–sand bed river     

Kees Sloff  Erik Mosselman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(14):1556-1566

The Rhine bifurcation at Pannerden forms the major distribution point for water supply in the Netherlands, distributing not only water and sediment but also flooding risks and navigability. Its morphological stability has been a concern for centuries. We present experiences from more than two decades of numerical morphological modelling of this bifurcation with a gravel–sand bed and a meandering planform. Successive computations have shown the importance of upstream approach conditions, the necessity to include physical mechanisms for grain sorting and alluvial roughness, and the need to assume a thicker active layer of the river bed than is suggested by laboratory flume experiments using a constant discharge. The active layer must be thicker in the model to account for river bed variations due to higher‐frequency discharge variations that are filtered out in morphological modelling. We discuss limitations in calibration and verification, but argue that, notwithstanding these limitations, 2D and 3D morphological models are valuable tools, not only for pragmatic applications to engineering problems, but also for revealing the limitations of established knowledge and understanding of the relevant physical processes. The application of numerical models to the Pannerden bifurcation appeared to reveal shortcomings in established model formulations that do not pose particular problems in other cases. This application is therefore particularly useful for setting the agenda for further research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Diving associated coral breakage in Hong Kong: Differential susceptibility to damage     

Alfred Cheuk-sun Au  Liye Zhang  Shan-shan Chung  Jian-Wen Qiu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

We conducted the first quantitative assessment of coral breakage along a gradient of diving activities in Hong Kong, the most densely populated city in southern China. A survey of six 1 × 25 m transects at seven sites revealed a total of 81 broken corals, among which 44% were branching, 44% plate-like and 12% massive. There were 3–19 broken colonies per site. At most study sites, the percentage of broken corals exceeded the recommended no-action threshold of 4%, suggesting that management intervention is justified. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of broken coral colonies and the number of divers visiting the site. The branching Acropora and the plate-like Montipora suffered from much higher frequency of damage than their relative abundance, raising the concern that the cumulative impact of such differential susceptibility to breakage may affect coral community composition.  相似文献   

‘Universal’ recession curves and their geomorphological interpretation     

《Advances in water resources》2014

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