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51.
在实际的水力压裂过程中,裂缝总是沿着垂直于最小地应力的方向扩展,地应力的分布形式和多个压裂段之间的互相影响(应力阴影效应)对于形成复杂的裂缝网络具有重要的影响。本文基于扩展有限单元法(XFEM)模拟页岩等多孔介质在水压作用下裂缝的任意扩展,由于在传统有限元法的基础上引入了扩充自由度和可以描述间断的位移阶跃函数,所以裂缝可以独立于网格扩展,而不需要重新剖分网格。通过引入一维流动假设,求解润滑方程,并考虑流体在裂缝内的流动。同时也考虑裂缝向基质中流动的滤失效应。研究实际施工中不同段间距下裂缝的扩展模式和段间距对裂缝形态的影响,结果表明,压裂段间距过小时中间的裂缝会被屏蔽;此外,裂缝会由于应力阴影效应而发生转向。 相似文献
52.
文章针对填埋场沉降计算问题,对垃圾压缩机理进行了研究,建立了常应力作用下的垃圾压缩模型。该模型将城市生活垃圾的压缩分为主压缩和降解压缩,其中,主压缩与压力有关,降解压缩与压力和降解条件有关。降解条件包括有机质含量和降解速率;结合对填埋场分级堆填过程的分析,建立了考虑降解和分级堆填影响的填埋场一维沉降计算方法,并对计算参数的取值方法进行了研究。 相似文献
53.
Porphyroblastic garnet schists from northern Samos contain in their matrix the assemblage Ca‐rich garnet + phengite + paragonite ± chloritoid equilibrated at ～530 °C and ～19 kbar during early Tertiary metamorphism. These high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP‐LT) metapelitic rocks also exhibit mineralogical and microstructural evidence of an older, higher temperature metamorphism. Large, centimetre‐sized Fe‐rich garnet showing growth zoning developed discontinuous, <0.5 mm thick, Ca‐rich and Mn‐poor overgrowths, compositionally matching small (<1 mm) high‐P matrix garnet. Because the discontinuous garnet rims are in textural and chemical equilibrium with Alpine high‐P minerals, the central parts of the garnet porphyroblasts were found to have formed prior to the Tertiary metamorphism. This is supported by electron microprobe U‐Th‐Pb dating of monazite inclusions yielding partly reset Variscan ages between 360 and 160 Ma. Monazite‐xenotime and garnet‐muscovite thermometry applied to inclusions in the pre‐Alpine garnet yielded temperatures of 600–625 °C (at 3–8 kbar). Prismatic Al‐rich pseudomorphs, possibly after kyanite/sillimanite, and inclusions in garnet composed of white K‐Na mica + quartz ± albite ± K feldspar, interpreted as possible replacements of an intermediate K‐Na feldspar, further support Variscan amphibolite facies conditions. The Samos metapelites thus experienced higher temperatures during the Variscan than during Alpine metamorphism. Diffusional relaxation was very limited between pre‐Alpine garnet and Alpine garnet; both were filled with Alpine garnet along overgrowths and fractures. Fluid‐mediated intergranular element transport, enhanced by deformation, appears crucial in transforming the Variscan garnet into a grossular richer composition during Alpine subduction‐zone metamorphism. At such conditions, dissolution–reprecipitation appears to be a much more effective mechanism for modifying garnet compositions than diffusion. Amphibolite facies conditions are typical for Variscan basement relics exposed in central Cycladic and Dodecanese islands as well as in eastern Crete. The Samos metapelites studied comprise a north‐eastern extension of these basement occurrences. 相似文献
54.
The possibility of using a multi-stage pendulum mass damper(MSPMD) to control wind-induced vibration of a single column tower of a cable-stayed bridge during construction was studied theoretically in part Ⅰ of this work.In this paper,the performance of the MSPMD for reducing bridge tower vibration is studied experimentally.A MSPMD model and a tower model of the bridge with geometry scaling of 1100 were designed and manufactured.Calibration of the MSPMD model with different wire lengths is conducted to verify the analytical model of the damper.A series of tests for the uncontrolled freestanding tower,tower with cables,and tower with MSPMD model are then performed under harmonic and white noise excitations.The experimental results show that the responses of the tower model significantly decrease with the installation of the MSPMD model,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the MSPMD to mitigate the vibration of the bridge tower. 相似文献
55.
中国铬铁矿资源的瓶颈状态已持续多年。最近,在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的深部勘探发现200万t致密块状铬铁矿床,这是中国近50年来铬铁矿找矿的重大突破,对今后继续寻找同类型的铬铁矿床具有重要指导意义。蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中产出的豆荚状铬铁矿床是工业需求铬的重要来源。研究豆荚状铬铁矿的成矿作用和矿体围岩地幔橄榄岩地质特征,建立铬铁矿的成矿模型和找矿标志,是开展寻找同类型矿床的重要保证。随着近些年在豆荚状铬铁矿及围岩地幔橄榄岩中金刚石等深部矿物的不断发现和深入研究,人们对蛇绿岩型铬铁矿的物质来源和形成过程,有了新的认识,提出了铬铁矿的深部成因模式。研究认为深部成因铬铁矿床主要经历了4个阶段:(1)早期俯冲到地幔过渡带(410~660 km)的陆壳和洋壳物质被脱水和肢解,过渡带产生的热和流体促成了地幔的熔融和Cr的释放和汇聚;(2)铬铁矿浆在地幔柱驱动下,运移到过渡带顶部冷凝固结,并有强还原的流体进入,后者携带了深部形成的金刚石、斯石英等高压矿物,进入"塑性—半塑性地幔橄榄岩"中;(3)随着物质向上移动,深度降低,早期超高压相矿物发生相变,如斯石英转变成柯石英,高压相的铬铁矿中出溶成柯石英和单斜辉石;(4)在侵位过程和俯冲带环境下,含水熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成了不含超高压矿物的规模相对较小的浸染状铬铁矿及纯橄岩岩壳。进一步研究表明,同处雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的几个大型地幔橄榄岩岩体与罗布莎岩体可以对比,经历了相同的构造背景和豆荚状铬铁矿的成矿作用,存在较大的找矿空间。 相似文献
56.
在区调中加强对多期活动断层的调查及图面表达方式的建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多期活动断层是经过多个构造旋回、多期变形的产物,它往往控制沉积盆地形成演化、岩浆活动及矿产分布,因此,在区调中加强对其调查与研究具有重要意义.以往在区调中,仅侧重于多期活动断层的最晚期或位移量最大一期活动性质的描述,图面上也只表示一期活动,所反映地质信息单一,不能表示断层多期活动及演化的整个过程,不利于恢复区域应力场和追溯地质构造发展史.笔者以大连金州地区两条断裂为例,建议在今后区调中应加强对多期活动断层的野外调查及综合研究,丰富图面表达内容,根据断层活动时间和运动性质以颜色、花纹分别表示之,提高图面可读性,较客观地反映出同一断层不同时期的活动性质,总结区域地质构造发展演化历史. 相似文献
57.
Abstract Metapelitic and charnockitic granulites exposed around Chilka Lake in the northern sector of the Eastern Ghats, India, preserve a multi-stage P—T record. A high-T decompression from above 10 kbar to 8 kbar around 1100°C has been determined from Mg-rich metapelites (XMg>0.60) with quartz-cordierite-orthopyroxene-sillimanite and cordierite—orthopyroxene—sapphirine—spinel assemblages. Between this and a second decompression to 6.0 kbar, isobaric cooling from 830 to 670°C at 8 kbar is evident. These changes are registered by the rim compositions of orthopyroxene and garnet in charnockites and metapelites with an orthopyroxene—quartz—garnet—plagioclase—cordierite assemblage, and are further supported by the garnet + quartz ± orthopyroxene + cordierite and biotite-producing reactions in sapphirine-bearing metapelites. Another indication of isobaric cooling from 800 to 650°C at 6.0 kbar is evident from rim compositions of orthopyroxene and garnet in patchy charnockites. Two sets of P—T values are obtained from metapelites with a quartz—plagioclase—garnet—sillimanite—cordierite assemblage: garnet and plagioclase cores yield 6.2 kbar, 700°C and the rims 5 kbar, 650°C, suggesting a third decompression. The earliest deformation (F1) structures are preserved in the larger charnockite bodies and the metapelites which retain the high P—T record. The effects of post-crystalline F2 deformation are observed in garnet megacrysts formed during or prior to F1 in some metapelites. Fold styles indicate a compressional regime during F1 and an extensional regime during F2. These lines of evidence and two phases of cooling at different pressures point to a discontinuity after the first cooling, and imply reworking. Two segments of the present P—T path replicate parts of the P—T paths suggested for four other granulite terranes in the Eastern Ghats, and the sense of all the paths is the same. This, plus the signature of three phases of deformation identified in the Eastern Ghats, suggests that the Chilka Lake granulites could epitomize the metamorphic evolution of the Eastern Ghats. 相似文献
58.
甘肃寨上超大型钨、金(锑)多金属矿床位于西秦岭岷-礼成矿带西段,属于复合矿床,具有显著的多期次、多物源和多成因特点。年代学结果表明,矿区至少存在早期钨矿化(220 Ma)和晚期金矿化(140~120 Ma)两期成矿作用。钨矿为破碎蚀变岩型,矿质主要来源于岩浆热液,在时空和成因上与同时代富钨的闪长玢岩脉(220~210 Ma)关系密切,属于岩浆成矿系统的铜-钨-钼中高温成矿系列;金成矿作用的物质来源主要是泥盆纪地层,矿化与闪长玢岩脉没有时空关联,成矿时代为燕山期(140~120 Ma),与西秦岭地区燕山期构造岩浆活动具有一致性。金矿类型介于卡林型金矿床和造山型金矿床的过渡类型,属锑-汞-铅-锌中低温成矿系列。笔者认为,寨上超大型多金属矿床成因是中生代陆内造山体制下与构造-岩浆活动有关的成矿系统之2个成矿系列叠加的结果,尚有巨大的找矿潜力。 相似文献
59.
我国西部叠合盆地油气资源丰富,随着勘探难度逐年增加,如何准确定位有利成藏区带对增加勘探成功率至关重要。通过对比叠合盆地主要大中型油气田发现,叠合盆地大都为多期成藏,且晚期成藏有利于油气规模化保存。在大量总结叠合盆地多个油气成藏过程、特点和模式的基础上,结合研究区带的构造演化特点,按照叠合盆地构造变动模式划分,将西部叠合盆地油气多期成藏模式划分为5种,分别是油气连续充注型、早期强烈改造型、中期强烈改造型、晚期强烈改造型和多期充注改造交替型。在晚期成藏有利于油气勘探的前提下,分析认为具有油气连续充注型油气成藏的区域和周边地区由于构造变动轻微,破坏幅度最小,因此油气藏类型较多,规模化可能性最大,最具油气勘探有效性,而多期充注改造交替型成藏模式在构造变动频繁剧烈的影响下,使得油气藏破坏量较大,保存下来的可能性很小,因此也最不具备勘探有效性,此类地区应该尽可能规避。 相似文献