Distribution of trace elements in spinel and garnet peridotites   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

XU Yigang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(2):166-175

The distribution of trace elements in the upper mantle has been discussed on the basis of the trace element abundances in bulk rocks and constituent minerals of two spinel and garnet facies peridotite xenoliths in alkali basalts from eastern China. The data presented are consistent with the suggestion that highly incompatible elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U, Sr, Nb, Ta) mainly reside in intergranular components, and to a lesser extent in fluid inclusions in minerals. The LILE composition in olivine and orthopyroxene can be seriously affected by the presence of fluid inclusions. Consequently the subsolidus partitioning of the LILE cannot be used to infer the olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt partition coefficients for these elements. There is a significant difference in (Opx/Cpx)_HREE ratios for spinel and garnet peridotites, suggesting a P-T control on equilibrium partition coefficients.  相似文献   

Petrochemical constraints for dual origin of garnet peridotites from the Dabie-Sulu UHP terrane, eastern-central China   总被引：44，自引：3，他引：41  

Zhang  Liou  Yang  & Yui 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2000,18(2):149-166.

Garnet peridotites occur as lenses, blocks or layers within granulite–amphibolite facies gneiss in the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) terrane and contain coesite-bearing eclogite. Two distinct types of garnet peridotite were identified based on mode of occurrence and petrochemical characteristics. Type A mantle-derived peridotites originated from either: (1) the mantle wedge above a subduction zone, (2) the footwall mantle of the subducted slab, or (3) were ancient mantle fragments emplaced at crustal depths prior to UHP metamorphism, whereas type B crustal peridotite and pyroxenite are a portion of mafic–ultramafic complexes that were intruded into the continental crust as magmas prior to subduction. Most type A peridotites were derived from a depleted mantle and exhibit petrochemical characteristics of mantle rocks; however, Sr and Nd isotope compositions of some peridotites have been modified by crustal contamination during subduction and/or exhumation. Type B peridotite and pyroxenite show cumulate structure, and some have experienced crustal metasomatism and contamination documented by high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.707–0.708), low ε_Nd( t ) values (−6 to −9) and low δ¹⁸O values of minerals (+2.92 to +4.52). Garnet peridotites of both types experienced multi-stage recrystallization; some of them record prograde histories. High- P–T  estimates (760–970 °C and 4.0–6.5±0.2 GPa) of peak metamorphism indicate that both mantle-derived and crustal ultramafic rocks were subducted to profound depths >100 km (the deepest may be ≥180–200 km) and experienced UHP metamorphism in a subduction zone with an extremely low geothermal gradient of <5 °C km⁻¹.  相似文献   

A general model for the intrusion and evolution of 'mantle' garnet peridotites in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic terranes   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

Brueckner  & Medaris 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2000,18(2):123-133.

Garnet‐bearing peridotite lenses are minor but significant components of most metamorphic terranes characterized by high‐temperature eclogite facies assemblages. Most peridotite intrudes when slabs of continental crust are subducted deeply (60–120 km) into the mantle, usually by following oceanic lithosphere down an established subduction zone. Peridotite is transferred from the resulting mantle wedge into the crustal footwall through brittle and/or ductile mechanisms. These ‘mantle’ peridotites vary petrographically, chemically, isotopically, chronologically and thermobarometrically from orogen to orogen, within orogens and even within individual terranes. The variations reflect: (1) derivation from different mantle sources (oceanic or continental lithosphere, asthenosphere); (2) perturbations while the mantle wedges were above subducting oceanic lithosphere; and (3) changes within the host crustal slabs during intrusion, subduction and exhumation. Peridotite caught within mantle wedges above oceanic subduction zones will tend to recrystallize and be contaminated by fluids derived from the subducting oceanic crust. These ‘subduction zone peridotites’ intrude during the subsequent subduction of continental crust. Low‐pressure protoliths introduced at shallow (serpentinite, plagioclase peridotite) and intermediate (spinel peridotite) mantle depths (20–50 km) may be carried to deeper levels within the host slab and undergo high‐pressure metamorphism along with the enclosing rocks. If subducted deeply enough, the peridotites will develop garnet‐bearing assemblages that are isofacial with, and give the same recrystallization ages as, the eclogite facies country rocks. Peridotites introduced at deeper levels (50–120 km) may already contain garnet when they intrude and will not necessarily be isofacial or isochronous with the enclosing crustal rocks. Some garnet peridotites recrystallize from spinel peridotite precursors at very high temperatures (c. 1200 °C) and may derive ultimately from the asthenosphere. Other peridotites are from old (>1 Ga), cold (c. 850 °C), subcontinental mantle (‘relict peridotites’) and seem to require the development of major intra‐cratonic faults to effect their intrusion.  相似文献   

玄武岩浆起源和演化的一些基本概念以及对中国东部中-新生代基性火山岩成因的新思路   总被引：44，自引：3，他引：44  

牛耀龄 《高校地质学报》2005,11(1):9-46

以全球大地构造为背景讨论了玄武岩浆起源和演化的一些基本概念.这些概念的正确理解有助于合理解释各种环境中火成岩的形成机制,也有助于依据野外岩石组合来判别古构造环境.在此基础上结合已有资料和观察,对中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄及中-新生代基性火山岩成因提出了一些新解释.这些解释与地质观察相吻合,且符合基本的物理学原理.虽然中国东部基性火山活动可称为"板内"火山活动,但它实际上是板块构造的特殊产物.中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄是其下部被改造为软流层的缘故.这种改造是加水"软化"所致.水则源于中国东部地幔过渡带(410～660 km)内古太平洋(或其前身)俯冲板块脱水作用.其将岩石圈底部改造为软流层的过程,实际上就是岩石圈减薄的过程.因为软流层是地幔对流的重要部分,而大陆岩石圈则不直接参与地幔对流.中生代玄武岩具有εNd＜0的特征,说明其源于新近改造而成的软流层,亦即原古老岩石圈之底部.中国大陆北北东-南南西向的海拔梯度突变界线与东-西部重力异常,陆壳厚度变化,以及地幔地震波速变化梯度吻合.因此可将北北东-南南西向梯度线称为"东-西梯度界".该界东-西海拔高差(西部高原与东部丘陵平原),陆壳厚度差异(西部厚而东部薄)和100～150 km的深度范围地幔地震波速差异(西部快而东部慢),均受控于上地幔重力均衡原理.这表明西部高原岩石圈厚度＞150～200 km,而东部丘陵平原岩石圈厚度＜80km."遥远"的西太平洋俯冲带具有自然的地幔楔吸引作用.此吸引作用可引起中国东部"新生"软流层东流.软流层东流必将引起西部高原底部软流层的东向补给(流动).这一过程必然导致东移软流层的减压,即从西部的深源(岩石圈深度＞150～200 km处)到东部的浅源(岩石圈深度～80km处).东移软流层的减压分熔可合理解释具有软流圈地球化学特征(εNd＞0)的新生代中国东部基性火山活动及玄武岩的成因.这些对中国东部中-新生代地质过程的解释,将为更加细致的,以岩石学和地球化学为主的讨论所验证.  相似文献   

内蒙古集宁新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体矿物化学特征及其地幔演化意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周媛婷  郑建平  余淳梅  陈曦  张明民 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(3):243-257

在无水"干"体系的四矿物相橄榄岩中,单斜辉石由于熔点低而通常记录着丰富的部分熔融作用和地幔交代作用信息。在详细岩相学特征和组成矿物主元素分析基础上,重点对内蒙古集宁玄武岩中橄榄岩包体的单斜辉石进行了激光原位微量元素研究。通过与新生代时华北具古老克拉通地幔特征(如鹤壁)和具新生岩石圈地幔特征(如山旺)的橄榄岩对比,讨论了新生代时集宁地区陆下岩石圈地幔性质及其形成和演化机制。集宁地区岩石圈地幔是相当于原始地幔经过较低程度的部分熔融抽取形成的,除个别样品的部分熔融程度5%外,多数样品为5%～10%。橄榄岩的平衡温度与橄榄石Mg#关系表明新生代时集宁地区的陆下岩石圈地幔是不均一的,无明显分层现象,表现为饱满与过渡型地幔的共存。这种主体饱满并兼有过渡型地幔的不均一现象,可能是软流圈物质对古老地幔进行不均匀侵蚀、改造和置换作用的结果。  相似文献   

下扬子地区若干上地幔橄榄岩的显微构造研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

孙平  路凤香 《现代地质》1994,8(1):57-64,T001

本文对下扬子区内２个玄武岩产地（江苏六合瓜埠山、安徽当涂釜山）的幔源包体进行研究,结果表明本区上地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具原生粒状结构、碎斑结构、板状镶嵌等粒结构及部分熔融结构四种类型。在光学岩组图上显示出从原生粒状结构→碎斑结构→板状镶嵌等粒结构,其橄榄石光性方位优选性逐渐增强。变形橄榄石滑移轴为［１００］,滑移面以｛０ｋ１｝为主,（０１０）次之。高温高压人工变形实验证实,这种滑移系形成于高温低应变速率条件下。橄榄石位错类型多样,（１００）、（００１）位错壁分布广泛,位错壁间距显示对数正态分布特征．估算的本区上地幔高温蠕交流动差异应力为（１０．９～１１．５ＭＰａ）。上地幔流变速率、流动应力、等效粘滞度与深度关系指示本区新生代大地构造性质为大陆拉张带或大陆裂谷带。  相似文献   

Subduction-zone peridotites and their records of crust-mantle interaction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianping ZHENG  Qing XIONG  Yi ZHAO  Wenbo LI 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(7):1033-1052

Subduction is the core process of plate tectonics. The mantle wedge in subduction-zone systems represents a key tectonic unit, playing a significant role in material cycling and energy exchange between Earth's layers. This study summarizes research progresses in terms of subduction-related peridotite massifs, including supra-subduction zone(SSZ) ophiolites and mantle-wedge-type(MWT) orogenic peridotites. We also provide the relevant key scientific questions that need be solved in the future. The mantle sections of SSZ ophiolites and MWT orogenic peridotites represent the mantle fragments from oceanic and continental lithosphere in subduction zones, respectively. They are essential targets to study the crust-mantle interaction in subduction zones. The nature of this interaction is the complex chemical exchanges between the subducting slab and the mantle wedge under the major control of physical processes. The SSZ ophiolites can record melt/fluid-rock interaction, metamorphism,deformation, concentration of metallogenic elements and material exchange between crust and mantle, during the stages from the generation of oceanic lithosphere at spreading centers to the initiation, development, maturation and ending of oceanic subduction at continental margins. The MWT orogenic peridotites reveal the history of strong metamorphism and deformation during subduction, the multiple melt/fluid metasomatism(including silicatic melts, carbonatitic melts and silicate-bearing C-HO fluids/supercritical fluids), and the complex cycling of crust-mantle materials, during the subduction/collision and exhumation of continental plates. In order to further reveal the crust-mantle interaction using subduction-zone peridotites, it is necessary to utilize high-spatial-resolution and high-precision techniques to constrain the complex chemical metasomatism, metamorphism,deformation at micro scales, and to reveal their connections with spatial-temporal evolution in macro-scale tectonics.  相似文献   

蛇绿岩中金刚石和异常矿物的全球记录     

刘飞  杨经绥  连东洋  熊发挥  吴魏伟 《地质学报》2020,94(9):2588-2605

蛇绿岩型金刚石产在地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中，是新建立的金刚石产出类型，不同于产在金伯利岩和超高压变质岩中的金刚石。全球已在21个蛇绿岩中发现了该类金刚石，含金刚石的蛇绿岩主要分布在特提斯造山带、乌拉尔- 中亚造山带、日高变质岩带和北美克拉马斯- 阿卡特兰造山带。本文梳理了含金刚石蛇绿岩的全球分布和地质背景以及蛇绿岩中超高压－强还原矿物与其它壳幔矿物组合的特征，讨论了已有的含金刚石铬铁矿和地幔橄榄岩的四种成因机制。金刚石和伴生的超高压－强还原矿物组合产在不同时代的造山带蛇绿岩中，不仅仅揭示了金刚石在蛇绿岩中普遍存在，需要重新思考蛇绿岩和铬铁矿的成因以及它们形成的地质构造背景，还证实了蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿是地球深部矿物重要的储存库，为认识地球深部的物质组成和物理化学环境，以及深部物质运移的轨迹和动力学过程等提供了天然样品。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of arc-related mantle peridotites and gabbros from the Chaldoran ophiolite,NW Iran     

Mahleqa Rezaei Bargoshadi  Tian-Nan Yang 《International Geology Review》2020,62(13-14):1724-1750

ABSTRACT

The Neo-Tethys-related Chaldoran ophiolite peridotites in NW Iran are remnants of mantle lithosphere, exhumed tectonically during the Late Cretaceous. Harzburgite is the predominant peridotite type, associated with oceanic lower crust cumulate gabbros occasionally. The ophiolite rocks are unconformably overlain by Late Cretaceous-Paleocene sediments. New whole-rock geochemistry of the variably serpentinized harzburgites shows a depleted nature, exemplified by low Al₂O₃, CaO, TiO₂, V and Y and high Ni, Cr and Mg and also low rare earth element (REE) contents. The harzburgites present LREE enrichment. Positive correlations between some LREEs and high field strength elements (HFSE) suggest enrichment of LREEs by melt re-fertilization processes. Cr-spinels have Cr number of [Cr# = Cr/(Cr + Al) = 0.53–0.67], showing medium to high degree of partial melting (F = ~17-20%). Both whole-rock and mineral chemistry data show a supra-subduction zone setting and progressive depletion along with increase in spinel Cr# (MOR to fore arc). The cumulate gabbros have high MgO and SiO₂, low TiO₂ and Ti/V < 10 and also low chondrite normalized Dy (<8.5). The gabbro samples show enriched LREEs and LILEs and depleted HREEs and HFSEs with respect to MORBs.

Subduction initiation (SI) model in a fore-arc/proto-fore-arc environment is suggested for the upper mantle evolution of the Chaldoran ophiolite. The rocks have experienced depletion in a second melting process at the later stages of SI and compositions were probably modified by extraction of island arc tholeiitic (IAT) and possibly boninitic (BON) melts. The chemostratigraphic progression for ‘subduction initiation rule (SIR)’ is likely traceable in Chaldoran mafic-ultramafic sequence, which corresponds to the most Neo-Tethyan ophiolites and is similar to MOR to supra-subduction zone (SSZ) evolution of most Iranian ‘Inner’ and ‘Outer Zagros’ ophiolitic peridotites.  相似文献   

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带东波地幔橄榄岩中金刚石的发现及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐向珍杨经绥  巴登珠张仲明  熊发挥李 源 《中国地质》2015,(5):1471-1482

本文报道了雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的东波蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中发现与罗布莎和普兰岩体相似的金刚石和特殊地幔矿物群。东波地幔橄榄岩体以方辉橄榄岩为主,含少量二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩,辉石岩和辉长岩呈脉状产在方辉橄榄岩中。岩石地球化学特征表明东波岩体形成于MOR环境后受到SSZ环境的改造。通过重砂分选实验,在693 kg的地幔橄榄岩大样中发现了金刚石和碳硅石等30余种特殊矿物群,包括金刚石、自然铬、自然金、自然铁、自然硅、自然铜等自然元素矿物类;碳硅石等碳化物;铬尖晶石、金红石、铬铁矿、刚玉、黑钨矿、铌钽铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、方铁矿、锡石等氧化物;铁铬镍合金、镍铁合金、铜锌合金等合金互化物;辉钼矿、方铅矿、辉铋矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂和闪锌矿等硫化物;橄榄石、辉石、锆石、蓝晶石、白云母、蛇纹石、绿帘石等硅酸岩;萤石等氟化物。该矿物群与雅鲁藏布江缝合带的罗布莎和普兰两个岩体中发现的特殊矿物群非常类似,同时也为蛇绿岩型金刚石这一新类型提供了佐证。  相似文献