环境样品中痕量元素的化学形态分析Ⅰ．分析技术在化学形态分析中的应用   总被引：21，自引：7，他引：21  

何红蓼 李冰杨红霞  倪哲明 《岩矿测试》2005,24(1):51-58

文章介绍了形态分析的基本概念,常用的联用分析技术,如气相色谱原子吸收光谱、气相色谱原子荧光光谱、气相色谱微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱、气相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱、高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱等在环境样品(水、土壤、沉积物)中痕量元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析中的应用,土壤和沉积物中污染元素的顺序提取步骤,以形态分析发展动态。引用文献72篇。  相似文献   

环境样品中痕量元素的化学形态分析Ⅱ．砷汞镉锡铅硒铬的形态分析   总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2  

何红蓼  倪哲明李冰 杨红霞 《岩矿测试》2005,24(2):118-128

环境中元素的生物有效性和毒性依赖于其存在的化学形态。文章依据文献的有关报道介绍砷、汞、镉、锡、铅、硒和铬在环境中的分布、毒性及它们在环境样品如水、土壤、沉积物和生物体中的形态分析方法,包括分析物的保存、提取、分离和检测。引用文献120篇。  相似文献   

Arsenic Speciation in Lichens and in Coarse and Fine Airborne Particulate Matter by HPLC–UV–HG–AFS     

M. M. Farinha  Z. Šlejkovec  J. T. van Elteren  H. Th. Wolterbeek  M. C. Freitas 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):343-353

A three-step sequential extraction procedure with Milli-Q, CaCl₂ and H₃PO₄ was applied for extraction of arsenic species in lichen transplants and airborne particulate matter (fine and coarse fractions). The samples used in this work were collected in 1994–1995 near coal-fired power plants. Both transplant lichens and airborne particulate matter were submitted to the same environment simultaneously. Arsenic species identification and quantification was performed by HPLC–UV–HG–AFS. Inorganic forms of arsenic (arsenite and arsenate) were present in significant amounts in most of the samples. Only in lichens also organic forms of arsenic (monomethyl arsonic acid and dimethyl arsinic acid) were identified which may indicate biotransformation of inorganic arsenic.  相似文献   

Rare earth elements in waters from the albitite-bearing granodiorites of Central Sardinia, Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Riccardo BiddauRosa Cidu  Franco Frau 《Chemical Geology》2002,182(1):1-14

With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the geochemical behaviour and mobility of the rare earth element (REE) in the natural water systems, the ground and surface waters of the Ottana-Orani area (Central Sardinia, Italy) were sampled. The study area consists of albititic bodies included in Hercynian granodiorites. The waters have pH in the range of 6.0-8.6, total dissolved solid (TDS) of between 0.1 and 0.6 g/l, and major cation composition dominated by Ca and Na, whereas predominant anions are Cl and/or HCO₃.The pH and the major-element composition of the waters are the factors affecting the concentration of REE in solution. The concentrations of ∑REE+Y in the samples filtered at 0.4 μm vary between 140 and 1600 ng/l, with La of between 14 and 314 ng/l, and Yb of between <6 and 12 ng/l. A negative Ce anomaly, especially marked at high pH, is observed in the groundwaters. The surface waters show lower REE concentrations, which are independent of pH, and negligible Ce anomaly.Speciation calculations, carried out with the EQ3NR computer program, showed that the complexes with the CO₃²⁻ ligand are the dominant REE species at pH in the range of 6.7-8.6. The REE³⁺ ions dominate the speciation at pH <6.7 and only in the light REE (LREE).The relative concentrations of REE in water roughly reflect those in the aquifer host rocks. However, when concentrations of REE in water are normalised relative to the parent rocks, a preferential fractionation of heavy REE (HREE) into the water phase can be observed, suggesting the greater mobility and stability of HREE in aqueous solution.  相似文献   

一种新的流动注射在线共沉淀技术的研究及应用     

邹海峰  姜桂兰  徐淑坤  方肇伦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(4)

建立了应用流动注射在线共沉淀分离富集火焰原子吸收法测定天然水样中痕量铬的价态分析方法。利用铬（Ⅲ）在碱性条件下与氢氧化镧形成共沉淀而与共存离子分离并得到富集，沉淀不需过滤，直接用稀盐酸从编织反应器（ＫＲ）中溶解并洗脱下来，用原子吸收测定。本体系的浓集倍率２２，检出限（３σ）０．８μｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１１）２．７２％，用水标样考察，分析结果与推荐值相符。该方法成功地用于天然水中铬的快速测定。  相似文献   

Quantitative biostratigraphy and species evolutionary sequence     

Xu Guirong  Gong Shuyun  Wang Yongbiao  YUAN Wei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7):587-599

Introduction of species evolutionary sequence into the quantitative biostratigraphy is a significant work, either for studying biologic evolution or for making stratigraphic correlation and reconstructing geologic history. The quantitative biostratigraphy is to determine biostratigraphic event sequences by using probabilistic analysis. The evolutionary sequence systematics can efficiently ascertain species evolutionary sequences. Two methods have been proposed to determine the sequence of species-disappearance events: (1) species extinction events can be closed by last occurrence events using quantitative biostratigraphic analysis; (2) the duration of a species may be approximately replaced by the duration of its parent species. To combine these two methods for determining the sequence of species disappearance is the best way up to now. A consulting standard sequence that consists of the speciation sequence of Permian waagenophylloid corals and the biostratigraphic event sequence of other important fossils in Permian is used as an example. The group spearman rank-correlation test is used to test the consulting standard sequence by comparing four types of calculations and two kinds of sequences and to find abnormal events. Based on the found abnormal events in the test, the consulting standard sequence is revised to deal with different conditions. Sequences of speciation and species-disappearance, and species duration are determined. Application of species evolutionary sequence to quantitative biostratigraphy can largely improve the quality of biostratigraphic event sequence. In stratigraphic correlation, furthermore, event sequences have higher precision than range biozones.  相似文献   

Free cupric ion concentrations and Cu complexation in selected Swiss lakes and rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hanbin Xue  Andrea Oestreich  David Kistler  Laura Sigg 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1996,58(1):69-87

[Cu²⁺] and Cu complexation parameters in some selected freshwater systems in Switzerland were determined by the technique of ligand-exchange and DPCSV. Results from the water columns of some eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are presented and compared to small acid lakes. Cu is strongly complexed by organic ligands which with very high stability constants at low concentrations are probably biologically produced, as indicated by the seasonal variations in the eutrophic lakes and by the relationship between Cu complexation and algal activity in the eutrophic (pCu=15–16), oligotrophic (pCu=13–14) and acidic (pCu=9–10) lakes. The extent of Cu complexation in river waters was generally lower than in the eutrophic lakes, at similar DOC levels. No obvious correlation between Cu complexation and DOC was observed, indicating that Cu complexing ligands are specific organic compounds.  相似文献   

滇池水中铝的形态分布初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

马莎  余定学等 《岩矿测试》2002,21(2):120-124

采用铬天青S光度法对滇池水中的总铝和各主要形态铝进行分析，并利用简单易行的紫外吸收表征水中有机物污染程度和颗粒物含量，初步探讨了各因素的变化对铝形态分布的影响。  相似文献   

铜与间氯偶氮安替比林显色反应研究及铜的形态分析     

范华均  谢继云 《岩矿测试》1997,16(1):40-44

在ｐＨ４８的邻苯二甲酸氢钾＿ＮａＯＨ缓冲介质中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）与间氯偶氮安替比林形成１∶２的蓝色配合物，其最大吸收峰位于６３０ｎｍ处，表观摩尔吸光系数为４２６×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的质量浓度在０～２ｍｇ／Ｌ时符合比尔定律。应用该法测定了桃叶及牛肝标样中的铜含量，测定值与标准值一致。结合活性炭分离，建立了铜的形态分析流程，并测定了茶汤中铜的各种主要形态及其分布。  相似文献   

Mechanisms of physico-chemical interaction of mercury with river sediments from a gold mining region in Brazil: Relative mobility of mercury species     

R. Melamed  R.C. Villas Bas  G.O. Gonalves  E.C. Paiva 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)

Mercury accumulation in the food chain, as a consequence of gold recovery in Brazil, has been an issue of concern. Reactions of Hg in the environment are quite complex, and can involve various Hg chemical species. Laboratory experiments were carried out on Hg⁰ solubility, Hg complexation and sorption on river sediments from a gold mining region in Brazil. The reactivity and the mobility of Hg species were considered. Results indicate that methyl mercury is more mobile than ionic mercury, and that the presence of humic acid enhances drastically the solubility of Hg⁰. The soluble complex formed has a relatively lower interaction at the sediment/water interface and is more prone to spread through the aquatic environment.  相似文献