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51.
A Short-Range Quantitative Precipitation Forecast Algorithm Using Back-Propagation Neural Network Approach 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A back-propagation neural network （BPNN） was used to establish relationships between the shortrange （0-3-h） rainfall and the predictors ranging from extrapolative forecasts of radar reflectivity, satelliteestimated cloud-top temperature, lightning strike rates, and Nested Grid Model （NGM） outputs. Quan- titative precipitation forecasts （QPF） and the probabilities of categorical precipitation were obtained. Results of the BPNN algorithm were compared to the results obtained from the multiple linear regression algorithm for an independent dataset from the 1999 warm season over the continental United States. A sample forecast was made over the southeastern United States. Results showed that the BPNN categorical rainfall forecasts agreed well with Stage Ⅲ observations in terms of the size and shape of the area of rainfall. The BPNN tended to over-forecast the spatial extent of heavier rainfall amounts, but the positioning of the areas with rainfall ≥25.4 mm was still generally accurate. It appeared that the BPNN and linear regression approaches produce forecasts of very similar quality, although in some respects BPNN slightly outperformed the regression. 相似文献
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本文简单介绍了用MicrosoftVisualBasic5．0设计辅助天气图显示系统的过程。该系统主要显示区域气象数据，这些数据是预报员每天要参考的，并且原来是用手工和绘图仪绘制在纸面天气图上的。本系统作为预报辅助工具，能弥补MICAPS系统显示区域气象资料的不便。 相似文献
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1神经网络的历史和应用大脑皮层含有约1000亿个神经细胞，共同以特殊的方式协同作用，构成人类复杂的心理行为和思维方式。人们在研究人脑感觉、思维、推理的基础上，创立了人工神经元网络[1]（ANN）的理论体系。ANN模仿生物神经系统的处理方式、组织结构和系统功能，具有并行分布式信息处理能力和自适应功能，因此它受到了广泛的重视。第一个神经计算模型是心理学家MUC川一10Ch和数学家PittS于1943年提出的，而后Hebb给出了学习过程的数学描述，即Hebbian规则。这一规则反映了大脑的条件反射过程。被誉为神经网络之父的Rosenblatt于1… 相似文献
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一次梅雨锋暴雨过程Q1和Q2的结构 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用一次数据模拟结果对台风范围的总有效位能、涡旋有效位能（Ａ，Ａｓ）进行了研究，结果发现，暴雨增幅时有效位能释放，冷空气处在台风外围时有效位能释放最多，增幅最大，能是积累与释放周期１２小时，冷空气侵入中心后，非绝热加热迅速小，不利于降水增幅。 相似文献
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The numerical simulation of typhoons has been found to be very sensitive to the vertical resolution of the model. During the updating of the TRAMS model from version 1.0 to 3.0, the horizontal resolution has been increased from 36 km to 9 km, while the vertical layer number only increased from 55 to 65 layers. The lack of high vertical resolution limits the performance of the TRAMS model in typhoon forecasting to a certain extent. In order to study the potential improvement of typhoon forecasting by increasing the vertical resolution, this paper increases the vertical resolution of the TRAMS model from 65 to 125 layers for the first time for a comparative simulation test. The results of the case study with Typhoon Hato (2017) show that the model with high vertical resolution can significantly enhance the warm structure caused by water vapor flux convergence and vertical transport, thus accurately simulating the rapid strengthening process of the typhoon. Meanwhile, the model with 125-layer vertical resolution can simulate the asymmetric structural characteristics of the wind field, which are closer to the observations and can help to reduce the bias in typhoon track forecasting. The improvement of vertical resolution is also trialed by using the batch test results of several landfalling typhoons in 2016-2017. The experimental results show that the typhoon forecast of the model becomes consistent with the observations only when the number of vertical layers of the model increases to about 125 layers, which in turn causes a large computational burden. In the next step, we will try to solve the computational burden problem caused by ultra-high vertical resolution with the top boundary nesting technique, and realize the application of high vertical resolution in the actual operation of the TRAMS model. 相似文献
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台风初始化方案最大的困难在于其只能根据有限的观测资料（台风中心位置、最低气压、最大风速和大风半径等）来构造一个与模式动力-物理过程协调的涡旋模型。首先根据实际观测资料对背景场中的涡旋扰动进行重定位和风速调整,然后将分析增量更新（Incremental Analysis Update,IAU）技术应用于台风初始化方案中,将调整后的涡旋当作一个强迫项逐渐加入到模式预报过程中,通过模式自身调整来得到一个协调性较好的台风初始结构,从而改善模式对台风的预报性能。对“山竹”台风的多次预报结果表明:（1）台风初始化对于台风路径误差影响较小,对于强度预报改进则比较明显。特别是在台风生成初期,台风初始化技术能够有效地增强全球模式分析场中的涡旋强度,并解决预报过程中强度较弱的问题。（2）根据预先给定的三维风场,IAU技术能通过模式自身预报过程对其他变量进行调整,从而得到一个热力和动力协调的初始涡旋结构。相对于仅对初始风场的调整,它对24 h之后的路径和强度预报误差会有更进一步的改善。（3）对IAU中的松弛时间进行参数敏感性试验,发现该变量取3—6 h效果较好。 相似文献
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2018-08-27—09-01广东发生了一次持续性特大暴雨过程，被列为广东省2018年十大天气事件之一。文章综合利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）全球再分析资料ERA-Interim、广东省加密自动站观测资料、中国地面累年值日值数据集(1981—2010年）、NOAA日平均和长期平均向外长波辐射数据，采用小波分析、带通滤波、回归分析等方法，对此次暴雨过程进行分析，主要探讨低纬大气准双周振荡对此次持续性暴雨过程的影响。结果表明：此次暴雨持续时间长、影响范围大，影响此次暴雨天气过程的主要天气系统为季风低压，并伴随有切变线和低空急流；季风低压减弱西移后，与南海西北部高压共同作用，广东沿海极端降水达到最强。2018年7—9月广东省降水和向外长波辐射OLR有显著的6~13 d振荡特征，同时受低纬西北太平洋对流振荡和热带北印度洋对流振荡的影响。低频振荡自西太平洋地区，向西北方向传播，引起了华南沿海的低频对流与环流的发展；来自热带北印度洋上的气流经由孟加拉湾、中南半岛到达华南沿海地区，形成了低频振荡的垂直环流圈，有利于水汽输送及对流发展。两者叠加，影响了此次持续性暴雨的发生发展。 相似文献
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2015年5月19—20日广东省强降水过程具有降水集中、强度大和局地性强的特点,利用广东省自动气象站观测资料、ECMWF_FINE再分析资料,对此次强降水过程进行分析发现:华南地区受低槽东移影响,强降水发生在切变线南侧偏南暖湿流场中,粤北降水属于锋面降水,粤东降水属于锋前暖区降水,两者在水汽输送和动力机制上有显著区别。孟加拉湾和南海输送的水汽在这次强降水过程中占主导地位,南边界和东边界为水汽的流入边界,整体水汽输送以经向输入为主。暖区降水区域处于较强的水汽平流环境中,具有更大的水汽净输送量,造成粤东地区的降水量更大。对流层高层辐散比中低层辐合更为重要,是粤东暖区降水重要的动力属性,且暖区中低层流场的旋转效应弱,有区别于典型的梅雨锋降水。利用绝热无摩擦湿位涡守恒进行诊断发现对流不稳定是此次强降水发展的主要机制,暴雨发生区域对应湿位涡垂直分量为负值,水平分量为正值,底层MPV1＜0和MPV2＞0综合反映了大气对流不稳定和斜压不稳定的增强过程。降水区对流层低层受负湿位涡控制,低层湿位涡负值区与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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This paper describes the procedure and methodology to formulate the convective weather potential （CWP） algorithm. The data used in the development of the algorithm are the radar echoes at 0.5° elevation from Guangzhou Doppler Radar Station, surface observations from automatic weather stations （AWS） and outputs of numeric weather prediction （NWP） models. The procedure to develop the CWP algorithm consists of two steps： （1） identification of thunderstorm cells in accordance with specified statistical criteria; and （2） development of the algorithm based on multiple linear regression. The thunderstorm cells were automatically identified by radar echoes with intensity greater than or equal to 50 dB（Z） and of an area over 64 square kilometers. These cells are generally related to severe convective weather occurrences such as thunderstorm wind gusts, hail and tornados. In the development of the CWP algorithm, both echo- and environment-based predictors are used. The predictand is the probability of a thunderstorm cell to generate severe convective weather events. The predictor-predictand relationship is established through a stepwise multiple linear regression approach. Verification with an independent dataset shows that the CWP algorithm is skillful in detecting thunderstorm-related severe convective weather occurrences in the Pearl River Delta （PRD） region of South China. An example of a nowcasting case for a thunderstorm process is illustrated. 相似文献