Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):124-136

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.  相似文献   

Same space – different perspectives: comparative analysis of geographic context through sketch maps and spatial video geonarratives     

Andrew Curtis  Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar  Eric Jefferis  Susanne Mitchell 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(6):1224-1250

ABSTRACT

The importance of including a contextual underpinning to the spatial analysis of social data is gaining traction in the spatial science community. The challenge, though, is how to capture these data in a rigorous manner that is translational. One method that has shown promise in achieving this aim is the spatial video geonarrative (SVG), and in this paper we pose questions that advance the science of geonarratives through a case study of criminal ex-offenders. Eleven ex-offenders provided sketch maps and SVGs identifying high-crime areas of their community. Wordmapper software was used to map and classify the SVG content; its spatial filter extension was used for hot spot mapping with statistical significance tested using Monte Carlo simulations. Then, each subject’s sketch map and SVG were compared. Results reveal that SVGs consistently produce finer spatial-scale data and more locations of relevance than the sketch maps. SVGs also provide explanation of spatial-temporal processes and causal mechanisms linked to specific places, which are not evident in the sketch maps. SVG can be a rigorous translational method for collecting data on the geographic context of many phenomena. Therefore, this paper makes an important advance in understanding how environmentally immersive methods contribute to the understanding of geographic context.  相似文献   

A geospatial study of the drought impact on surface water reservoirs: study cases from Texas,USA     

Zachary Asbury 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(6):894-910

Satellite images have been used historically to measure and monitor fluctuations in the surface water reservoirs. This study integrates remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies to investigate the impact of drought on 10 selected surface water reservoirs in San Angelo and Dallas, Texas. Oscillations in summer and winter months throughout the 2005–2016 period were assessed using multispectral images from Landsat-5, ?7, and ?8, and changes in the reservoirs were characterized and correlated against local climate data of each reservoir. For quantitative comparisons of the time-series measurements, a robust density slicing approach was employed to classify the range of values of the raster cells in the near-infrared band of Landsat images for each lake into three desired classes (deep water, shallow water, and dry area) based on the natural breaks inherent in the dataset. Statistical analysis shows that the overall accuracy of the classification is about 94%, which demonstrates the efficiency of the density slicer to accurately estimate surface water area changes from an individual Landsat band. Shrinkage in the surface water area over the study period reveals the concrete impact that the drought along with other factors have on the 10 selected lakes. The San Angelo lakes located in west central Texas experienced a nearly consistent pattern of change during most of the study period; whereas the Dallas lakes in northeast Texas followed the oscillating pattern of drought and correlated closely to the local conditions. Shockingly, the extreme drought caused complete vanishing of several lakes, and consequently Texas had to remove them from its recreational plans. Our new findings can certainly help with the water resource management in Texas and our study approach can be adapted for monitoring lake oscillations in other areas across the world. This geospatial study demonstrates the societal benefits from incorporating remote sensing and GIS in investigating geo-environmental problems associated with severe climate changes.  相似文献   

基于GIS的资源环境承载力评价与空间布局优化—以荣成市为例          下载免费PDF全文

邵艳坡  郭志勇  白书建 《山东国土资源》2019,35(1)

随着工业化、城镇化、农业现代化和信息化的进程加快,我国面临的资源环境承载规模将进一步扩大,经济社会活动强度也将更高,人口、资源、环境之间的矛盾与冲突将不可避免地日趋激烈,因此开展资源环境承载力评估研究十分必要。以荣成市为研究对象,建立了资源环境承载力评价指标体系,基于GIS技术实现了属性数据的空间化,完成了各项指数的计算,分析了荣成市资源环境承载力状况。在资源环境承载力评价的基础上,分乡镇对荣成市土地空间布局进行优化,并形成综合分区引导。研究结论显示,荣成市资源环境基础性评价为可载,基于水资源系统的综合承载状态判定为临界,基于生态条件与环境质量系统的综合承载状态判定为可载。基于评价结果结合区位特点,荣成市各乡镇可按新兴产业、制造业、服务业,生态旅游业,生态农业,生态林业4个方向引导开发。  相似文献   

基于生态足迹的格网化生态承载力评价——以衡水市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周钰  王亮  李西灿  张玉  栗斌 《测绘通报》2020,(6):93-98

针对行政单元生态承载力评价不能精细反映区域内部生态状况的差异和局部细节特征的问题，难以满足精细管控生态承载力的需要，本文提出了格网化生态承载力评价方法。基于生态足迹模型，结合人口空间分布模型，借助GIS空间分析技术，从格网角度对生态足迹和生态承载力进行定量估算与空间格局分析，并以衡水市为例进行试验验证。结果表明，格网尺度生态承载力评价方法与区域生态承载力评价方法相比更符合真实情况。从格网尺度看，衡水市生态足迹分布圈层特点，生态承载力呈离散分布特征。生态赤字状况表现出明显的异质性，沿滏东排河和滏阳河两侧呈条带状分布。衡水市大部分地区处于生态赤字临界状态，生态状况亟须得到保护。  相似文献   

A hierarchical indexing strategy for optimizing Apache Spark with HDFS to efficiently query big geospatial raster data     

Fei Hu  Yongyao Jiang  Yun Li  Weiwei Song  Daniel Q. Duffy 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(3):410-428

ABSTRACT

Earth observations and model simulations are generating big multidimensional array-based raster data. However, it is difficult to efficiently query these big raster data due to the inconsistency among the geospatial raster data model, distributed physical data storage model, and the data pipeline in distributed computing frameworks. To efficiently process big geospatial data, this paper proposes a three-layer hierarchical indexing strategy to optimize Apache Spark with Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) from the following aspects: (1) improve I/O efficiency by adopting the chunking data structure; (2) keep the workload balance and high data locality by building the global index (k-d tree); (3) enable Spark and HDFS to natively support geospatial raster data formats (e.g., HDF4, NetCDF4, GeoTiff) by building the local index (hash table); (4) index the in-memory data to further improve geospatial data queries; (5) develop a data repartition strategy to tune the query parallelism while keeping high data locality. The above strategies are implemented by developing the customized RDDs, and evaluated by comparing the performance with that of Spark SQL and SciSpark. The proposed indexing strategy can be applied to other distributed frameworks or cloud-based computing systems to natively support big geospatial data query with high efficiency.  相似文献   

基于GIS的白龙江流域舟曲—武都段的滑坡危险性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘杰  武震 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1723-1734

本研究以围绕着白龙江流域的甘肃省南部的宕昌县、舟曲县和武都区部分地区为研究区，根据全国滑坡编目中得到的272个历史滑坡数据以及选取的高程、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、降雨、岩性、距道路距离和距河流距离10种影响因子，利用三种具有代表性的定量方法：信息量模型、以及基于频率比模型的逻辑回归模型和人工神经网络模型对研究区内滑坡灾害危险性进行评价。三种评价结果均显示研究区内滑坡灾害的极高和高危险区主要沿白龙江河谷地区呈带状分布。从危险性分区图可看出，人工神经网络模型得到的分区图较为合理，既表现出沿河谷地区集中分布的趋势，也呈现出对滑坡历史数据较为独立的特征，这一研究结果与前人研究结果一致。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）对三种模型的精度进行检验，检验得到的AUC值分别为0.818、0.829和0.837，说明三种评价结果均具有较高的可靠性，基于频率比模型的人工神经网络模型相比其他两个模型具有更好的评价精度，能更好地进行滑坡危险性的预测和评价，其中高程、降雨、岩性以及距道路距离对评价结果影响更大，这四种影响因子重要性值占比为52.1%。为该地区的城市扩建与灾害预防预测提供了参考。  相似文献   

移动GIS在传染病防控方面的应用——以COVID-19为例     

胡盼  何艺  刘韬  黄铁军  何超 《测绘通报》2020,(7):50-52

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的出现和暴发流行，给社会、经济及人群健康提出巨大的挑战，已经成为重大公共卫生事件和社会问题。作为一种新发传染病，提早发现、迅速采用有效应对举措，是防止病毒蔓延扩散的重要环节。地理信息系统（GIS）在传染病的控制、预防、预警中有举足轻重的地位，移动GIS（Mobile GIS）作为GIS技术的发展，进一步提高了我国卫生部门应对突发传染病的能力。本文以COVID-19防控为例，重点介绍了移动GIS技术在传染病防控中的应用。  相似文献   

综合管线管理信息系统的设计与开发     

刘彩玲  王崇倡 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):153-155,159

设计与开发的城市综合管线管理信息系统采用C#为开发语言,Visual Studio为开发工具,是以ArcEngine组件为基础开发的地下管线管理信息系统。本系统设计主要的研究内容为:对地下管线管理系统进行需求分析,地下管线系统的总体设计,包括系统的数据库设计和功能设计,编程实现了管线系统的用户管理子功能以及管线浏览、管线查询、管线编辑、管线分析的爆管分析等功能。基本满足城市地下综合管线统一管理的要求,对于提高城市地下管线信息的利用以及保障管线正常稳定运行都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Depth of closure: New calculation method based on sediment data     

Luis Aragonés  Jose Ignacio Pagán  Isabel López  José C.Serra 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):198-207

Obtaining depth of closure (DoC) in an accurate manner is a fundamental issue for coastal engineering, since good results for coastal structures and beach nourishment depend mainly on DoC. Currently, there are two methods for obtaining the DoC, mathematical formulations and profile surveys. However, these methods can incur important errors if one does not take into account the characteristics and morphology of the area, or if one does not have a sufficiently long time series. In this work the DoC is obtained from the break in the trend of the sediment with the depth, that is, in general with the increase of the depth a decrease in the size of the sediment takes place. However, at one point this tendency changes and the size increases, and then decreases again. When comparing the point where the minimum sediment size occurs before the increase, it is observed that the error incurred is small compared to other methods. If the Standard Deviation of Depth Change (SDDC) method is considered as the most accurate method, the error incurred by the proposed method is less than 7%. In addition, it can be seen that the dispersion of the sediment method always occurs outside the zone of bar movement. Whereas in the methods of profiles survey (using 2 cm precision profiles), sometimes the DoC is obtained within the active zone of bar movement. In addition, where the relative minimum of the median sediment size is found, and the sizes of 0.063 and 0.125 mm predominate in the composition of the sample. Therefore, this new method allows the precise location of the DoC to be obtained in a fast and simple way. Furthermore, this method has the advantage that it is not affected by the modifications that may be experienced by both the study area and the cross-shore beach profile.  相似文献