东天山图拉尔根铜镍钴硫化物矿床岩相、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景   总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

孙赫  秦克章李金祥  徐兴旺三金柱丁奎首惠卫东许英霞 《中国地质》2006,33(3):606-617

新疆图拉尔根铜镍钴矿产于康古儿塔格—黄山韧性剪切带的北东段,是由硫化物深部熔离成矿为主兼就地熔离、热液叠加成矿多重作用形成的半隐伏矿床。1号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、角闪辉石岩、辉长岩。岩性具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿特征。岩体m/f值为3.1～4.8,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,与黄山—镜儿泉镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩带岩石化学特征相似。由稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素、过渡族元素蛛网图可知1号和2号岩体具有同源性,并具有互补性,预示2号岩体深部成矿潜力很大,虽然其地表辉长岩矿化微弱。根据横穿1号和2号岩体的大地电磁测深剖面图可以看出两个岩体在深部具有同一个岩浆通道,也验证了两岩体属于同一岩浆来源。较低的La/Sm(<2)和Th/Ta值(4.6)表明成矿岩浆为地幔来源,岩体就位时很少受到地壳的混染。  相似文献   

Provenance of the Neoproterozoic Maricá Formation (Sul-rio-grandense Shield, Southern Brazil): Petrographic and Sm–Nd isotopic constraints     

Andr Weissheimer de Borba  Ana Maria Pimentel Mizusaki  Diogo Rodrigues Andrade da Silva  Edinei Koester  Fabio de Lima Noronha  Júnia Casagrande 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(4):464-474

This paper reports the integrated application of petrographic and Sm–Nd isotopic analyses for studying the provenance of the Neoproterozoic Maricá Formation, southern Brazil. This unit encompasses sedimentary rocks of fluvial and marine affiliations. In the lower fluvial succession, sandstones plot in the “craton interior” and “transitional continental” fields of the QFL diagram. Chemical weathering probably caused the decrease of the ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios to 0.0826 and 0.0960, consequently lowering originally > 2.0 Ga T_DM ages to 1.76 and 1.81 Ga. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios are also low (0.511521 to 0.511633), corresponding to negative ε_Nd present-day values (− 21.8 and − 19.6). In the intermediate marine succession, sandstones plot in the “dissected arc” field, reflecting the input of andesitic clasts. Siltstones and shales reveal low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (0.511429 to 0.511710), ε_Nd values of − 18.1 and − 23.6, and T_DM ages of 2.16 and 2.37 Ga. Sandstones of the upper fluvial succession have “dissected arc” and “recycled orogen” provenance. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopic ratios are also relatively low, from 0.511487 to 0.511560, corresponding to ε_Nd values of − 22.4 and − 21.0 and T_DM of 2.07 Ga. A uniform granite–gneissic basement block of Paleoproterozoic age, with subordinate volcanic rocks, is suggested as the main sediment source of the Maricá Formation.  相似文献   

CaCl2-H2O体系人工合成流体包裹体研究   总被引：2，自引：9，他引：2  

丁俊英  倪培饶冰 《岩石学报》2005,21(5):1425-1428

人工合成包裹体可以作为天然包裹体参照物,提高我们对天然包裹体各种形成作用的认识,并用来模拟天然包裹体以验证许多涉及流体包裹体研究假设的有效性。本文利用人工水晶裂隙愈合方式,在一定的温压条件下合成了具有特定组成的 CaCl_2-H_2O 体系流体包裹体,并对这些合成的包裹体样品进行了详细的测温学研究,结合倪培等(2003)研究结果,进一步证实了:人工合成包裹体与天然包裹体的相似性,以及流体包裹体中捕获流体是母溶液的真实代表性。因此,合成包裹体作为天然包裹体参照物,将在流体包裹体和地质流体研究领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

NaCl-CaCl2-H2O体系人工合成流体包裹体及其冷冻后的熔融行为研究   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

丁俊英  倪培 《岩石学报》2007,23(9)

在倪培等在2003年和丁俊英等在2005年成功开展人工合成包裹体研究的基础上,利用愈合人工水晶裂隙技术,在设定的实验条件下合成了 NaCl-CaCl_2-H_2O 体系的流体包裹体。对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察,显微测温工作,并结合相应相图分析研究——主要对合成包襄体的低温熔融行为进行探讨。结果表明合成的包裹体捕获了既定组成的流体,其低温相变过程与相应相图吻合。因此,人工合成流体包裹体与天然包裹体相似,天然流体包襄体的各种行为可以参照人工合成流体包裹体;同时,通过人工合成流体包裹体校正补充实验相图,使其更准确的被应用于天然包襄体测定分析。  相似文献   

The Serra da Graciosa A-type Granites and Syenites, southern Brazil. Part 3: Magmatic evolution and post-magmatic breakdown of amphiboles of the alkaline association     

Guilherme A.R. Gualda  Silvio R.F. Vlach 《Lithos》2007,93(3-4):328-339

Amphiboles are the main mafic minerals in most metaluminous to peralkaline alkali-feldspar granites and syenites, and they usually preserve an important record of the compositional evolution of the melts from which they crystallize. In the alkaline association of the Serra da Graciosa A-type Granites and Syenites (southern Brazil), amphibole compositions span a large range, including calcic, sodic–calcic, and sodic amphiboles. Calcic amphiboles are typically observed in the metaluminous rocks, while sodic amphiboles are characteristic of the more strongly peralkaline rocks; sodic–calcic amphiboles are found in intermediate varieties. Compositional variations record the differentiation trends within two petrographic series of the alkaline association. The overall evolution of amphibole compositions is similar in both: they reveal a progressive increase in Na and Fe³⁺ with differentiation (increase in alkalinity of the magmas), a characteristic shared by undersaturated peralkaline (or agpaitic) differentiation trends. In detail, however, the evolutions of the amphibole compositions in the two series are distinct. In Alkaline series 1, the cores of the crystals form a continuum from calcic to sodic compositions, with the exception of a small compositional gap within the sodic–calcic amphiboles. The rims, however, show compositions that diverge from this main trend; this divergence results from increasing amounts of the oxy-amphibole component, and reflects more oxidizing conditions at the final stages of magmatic crystallization. In Alkaline series 2, these oxidation trends are much more subtle and a reverse trend is observed in the sodic amphiboles. Sodic–calcic amphiboles are in several cases replaced by intergrowths of post-magmatic sodic amphibole and Al-poor (“tetrasilicic”) biotite.  相似文献   

Organic petrology and geochemistry of the Carboniferous coal seams from the Central Asturian Coal Basin (NW Spain)     

No Piedad-Snchez  Isabel Surez-Ruiz  Luis Martínez  Alain Izart  Marcel Elie  Didier Keravis 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2004,57(3-4):211-242

This paper presents for the first time a petrological and geochemical study of coals from the Central Asturian Coal Basin (North Spain) of Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian), mainly of Moscovian, age. A paleoenvironmental approach was used, taking into account both petrographic and organic geochemical studies. Vitrinite reflectance (R_r) ranges from 0.5% to 2.5%, which indicates a high volatile bituminous to semianthracite and anthracite coal rank. The coal samples selected for paleoenvironmental reconstruction are located inside the oil–gas-prone phase, corresponding to the interval between the onset of oil generation and first gas generation and efficient expulsion of oil. This phase is represented by coals that have retained their hydrocarbon potential and also preserved biomarker information. Paleodepositional reconstruction based on maceral and petrographic indices points to a swamp environment with vitrinite-rich coal facies and variable mineral matter content. The gelification index (GI) and groundwater influence index (GWI) indicate strong gelification and wet conditions. The biomarkers exhibit a high pristane/phytane ratio, suggesting an increase in this ratio from diagenetic processes, and a high diterpanes ratio. This, in turn, would seem to indicate a high swamp water table and a humid climate. The maximum point of coal accumulation occurred during the regressive part of the Late Moscovian sequence and in the most humid climate described for this period of time in the well-known coal basins of Europe and North America.  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion petrography   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

Alfons M. Van den Kerkhof  Ulrich F. Hein 《Lithos》2001,55(1-4):27-47

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The ammonite fauna and genesis of a mid-Cretaceous siliceous oolite from the Alagoas Basin, Brazil     

Peter Bengtson  Ulf Nordlund 《Cretaceous Research》1987,8(4)

Acanthoceratid ammonites from near Maceió, in the State of Alagoas, provide evidence of a mid-Cretaceous marine incursion into the present onshore part of the Alagoas Basin. The ammonites Pseudocalycoceras sp. cf. P. harpax (Stoliczka, 1864) and Kamerunoceras sp. are assigned a late Cenomanian age. The rock is a siliceous oolite that occurs as derived nodules and fragments in late Cenozoic continental sediments. It is interpreted as an originally calcareous oolite formed in a near-shore, high-energy environment. Absence of primary cement suggests that silicification took place early in diagenesis. The silicified, and therefore more resistant material from the original Cenomanian sequence was reworked and redeposited with the Cenozoic sediments. The age, indicated by the ammonites, suggests that the original deposition was related to the global late Cenomanian—early Turonian sea-level rise.  相似文献   

Santa Bárbara Formation (Early Paleozoic, Caçapava do Sul, southern Brazil): Petrographic and Sm–Nd isotopic provenance parameters     

Andr Weissheimer de Borba  Ana Maria Pimentel Mizusaki  Anderson Jos Maraschin  Diogo Rodrigues Andrade da Silva 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2008,26(4):485-497

Integrated petrographic and Sm–Nd isotopic data were applied in order to constrain the provenance of the Early Paleozoic Santa Bárbara Formation, Sul-rio-grandense Shield, southern Brazil. This unit comprises continental sandstones, conglomerates and siltstones deposited under semi-arid climate in a rift or pull-apart basin. Samples were collected within a stratigraphic framework composed of three sequences, in which the two basal ones present northeastwards paleoflow, and the third one marks the inversion of basin filling. Samples from sequence I show, in the south, a strong influence of intermediate volcanic (Hilário Formation) sources, and a significant increase in quartz and metamorphic fragments upsection. In the northern deposits, there is a possible influence of juvenile units (Cambaí/Vacacaí), and a more significant input of Paleoproterozoic-sourced sedimentary rocks (e.g. Maricá Formation) upsection. Samples collected from the topmost deposits of sequence II present a clear increase in the amount of volcanic fragments (mostly acidic), reflecting denudation of the “Caçapava high”. Data obtained in sequence III (Pedra do Segredo) show a progressive decrease in quartz content and a significant increase in feldspathic, plutonic fragments. A more evolved phase of denudation of the “Caçapava high”, exposing leucogranitoids of the Caçapava do Sul complex, is proposed for this interval.  相似文献   

Evolution of porosity and pore types in organic-rich,calcareous, Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Low and high resolution petrographic studies have been combined with mineralogical, TOC, RockEval and porosity data to investigate controls on the evolution of porosity in stratigraphically equivalent immature, oil-window and gas-window samples from the Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale formation. A series of 26 samples from three boreholes (Wickensen, Harderode and Haddessen) in the Hils syncline was investigated. The main primary components of the shales are microfossiferous calcite (30–50%), clay minerals (20–30%) and Type II organic matter (TOC = 7–15%, HI = 630–720 mg/gC in immature samples). Characteristic sub-centimetric light and dark lamination reflects rapid changes in the relative supply of these components. Total porosities decrease from 10 to 14% at Ro = 0.5% to 3–5% at Ro = 0.9% and then increase to 9–12% at Ro = 1.45%. These maturity-related porosity changes can be explained by (a) the primary composition of the shales, (b) carbonate diagenesis, (c) compaction and (d) the maturation, micro-migration, local trapping and gasification of heterogeneous organic phases. Calcite undergoes dissolution and reprecipitation reactions throughout the maturation sequence. Pores quantifiable in SEM (>ca. 50 nm) account for 14–25% of total porosity. At Ro = 0.5%, SEM-visible macropores¹ are associated mainly with biogenic calcite. At this maturity, clays and organic matter are not visibly porous but nevertheless hold most of the shale porosity. Porosity loss into the oil window reflects (a) compaction, (b) carbonate cementation and (c) perhaps the swelling of kerogen by retained oil. In addition, porosity is occluded by a range of bituminous phases, especially in microfossil macropores and microfractures. In the gas window, mineral-hosted porosity is still the primary form of macroporosity, most commonly observed at the organic-inorganic interface. Increasing porosity into the gas window also coincides with the formation of isolated, spongy and complex meso- and macropores within organic particles, related to thermal cracking and gas generation. This intraorganic porosity is highly heterogeneous: point-counted macroporosity of individual organic particles ranges from 0 to 40%, with 65% of organic particles containing no macropores. We suggest that this reflects the physicochemical heterogeneity of the organic phases plus the variable mechanical protection afforded by the mineral matrix to allow macroporosity to be retained. The development of organic macroporosity cannot alone account for the porosity increase observed from oil to gas window; major contributions also come from the increased volume of organic micro- and meso-porosity, and perhaps by kerogen shrinkage.  相似文献