塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地天然植被调查研究   总被引：32，自引：7，他引：25  

何兴东 《中国沙漠》1997,17(2):144-148

调查研究表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地非河流影响区域,天然植物隶属于9科、12属、12种。生长型以多年生草本为主,占50%。建群种植物区系以塔里木特有种为主。绝大多数植物为风媒植物,根蘖能力很强。植物群落分为4个群系、9个群丛。多年生草本群落常由纯种群构成单优群落,灌木群落结构松散。随着沙丘的移动与掩埋,植物群落周而复始的生存于丘间地。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地3种飞播植物种群分布格局的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

沈渭寿 《中国沙漠》1998,18(4):372-378

在播区水平和群落水平上,讨论了毛乌素沙地3种沙丘类型区飞播后,沙地由流动到半固定和固定状态的变化过程中,籽蒿、羊柴和花棒3个主要飞播植物种群分布格局的变化,以及各种状态下决定种群分布格局的主导因素。研究表明:在沙地处于流动状态下,不论是播区水平还是群落水平上,幼苗的分布格局都是由环境的空间异质性决定的;在半固定状态下,种群的分布格局是植物自身的生物生态学特性和环境因素共同作用的结果;而在固定状态下,种群的分布格局几乎全部是由植物自身的生物生态学特性所决定的。  相似文献   

桂林岩溶试验场植物多样性恢复及其水、气效应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李强  孙海龙  何师意  姜光辉  吴孔运  汪劲良 《热带地理》2005,25(1):5-9

岩溶区生态恢复是当前我国重视的焦点和生态学研究的热点之一。研究桂林岩溶试验场3个代表性样点的种属组成、区系地理成分、植物生活型谱,结果发现,经过近20年的生态恢复,试验场植物多样性迅速增加,生境获得改善。试验场1号洼地土壤CO2浓度年季变化以及S31号泉的水化学指标进一步证明了上述结论的正确性。  相似文献   

辽北吉中地区晚中生代植物群及侏罗——白垩系界线讨论     

郑少林  张武 《国土资源》1988,(4)

辽北吉中晚中生代地层发育,植物化石丰富,并赋存重要煤层。笔者在前人工作的基础上,着重分析了本区晚中生代植物群的性质及组合序列特征。辽北吉中晚中生代植物群与Ruffordia-Onychiopsis植物群相一致。由于辽北吉中在地理位置上的重要性,本区可能成为华北、西北的陆相中生代地层与黑龙江东部海相或海陆交互相地层对比的纽带。辽北吉中晚中生代植物群具有明显的晚侏罗-早白垩世色彩。本区Ruffordia-Onychiopsis植物群可以划分为早、中、晚三期组合,早期组合大体相当于晚侏罗世;中期组合为早白垩世早期;晚期组合可能相当于早白垩世中晚期。根据植物化石组合特征,笔者将辽北吉中侏罗—白垩系界线暂置于火石岭组与沙河子纽之间。  相似文献   

中国南海中小渔船动力装置的几点论证     

陈秉光 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(1)

就２２０～４４１ｋｗ的中小型渔船动力装置选型的历史沿革，从船、机、桨匹配理论分析，结合中国南部海区渔民实践造就已使用的情况，论述大家所关心的几个问题。认为：不能只用“单机单桨”一种推进型式；双机双桨能发挥主机功率，合理安排动力装置，安全性及其经济性均有优越之处，适合我国南海大多数渔区渔港实际情况。  相似文献   

Estimation of vegetation LAI from hyperspectral reflectance data: Effects of soil type and plant architecture     

Roshanak Darvishzadeh  Andrew Skidmore  Clement Atzberger  Sip van Wieren 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

The retrieval of canopy biophysical variables is known to be affected by confounding factors such as plant type and background reflectance. The effects of soil type and plant architecture on the retrieval of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) from hyperspectral data were assessed in this study. In situ measurements of LAI were related to reflectances in the red and near-infrared and also to five widely used spectral vegetation indices (VIs). The study confirmed that the spectral contrast between leaves and soil background determines the strength of the LAI–reflectance relationship. It was shown that within a given vegetation species, the optimum spectral regions for LAI estimation were similar across the investigated VIs, indicating that the various VIs are basically summarizing the same spectral information for a given vegetation species. Cross-validated results revealed that, narrow-band PVI was less influenced by soil background effects (0.15 ≤ RMSE_cv ≤ 0.56). The results suggest that, when using remote sensing VIs for LAI estimation, not only is the choice of VI of importance but also prior knowledge of plant architecture and soil background. Hence, some kind of landscape stratification is required before using hyperspectral imagery for large-scale mapping of vegetation biophysical variables.  相似文献   

神农架北坡表土常见花粉的R值研究   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14  

刘会平  唐晓春  王开发  潘安定 《地理科学》2001,21(4):378-380

根据表土孢粉分析和植被样方调查的比较研究，获得了神农架北坡表土常见花粉的R值，常绿阔叶树花粉一般具有较低代表性，R值变化于0．70左右，绝大部分落叶阔叶树花粉也具有较低代表性，R值变化于0．68－0．88之间，但桦，桤木和槭却表现异常，针叶树有气囊花粉具有明显的超代表性，R值变化在1．35－2．44之间，松表现最为强烈，草本植物花粉的R值变化较大，代表性较差，影响R值的因素很多，植物的生态特性，花粉特征，花粉源距离，花粉产量，地形等作用尤为明显。  相似文献   

环境植物生理学定量研究的若干进展   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

冯金朝  黄子琛 《中国沙漠》1997,17(1):89-94

环境植物生理学有关植物水分关系、蒸腾作用、光合作用、气孔调节以及水分利用等方面的定量研究取得了较大进展，对干旱地区植物水分平衡、干旱适应性等研究有指导意义和应用价值，也可为植物与环境变化关系、ＳＰＡＣ水分传输等研究提供依据  相似文献   

The Turbulent Lagrangian Time Scale in Forest Canopies Constrained by Fluxes,Concentrations and Source Distributions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Vanessa Haverd  Ray Leuning  David Griffith  Eva van Gorsel  Matthias Cuntz 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,130(2):209-228

One-dimensional Lagrangian dispersion models, frequently used to relate in-canopy source/sink distributions of energy, water and trace gases to vertical concentration profiles, require estimates of the standard deviation of the vertical wind speed, which can be measured, and the Lagrangian time scale, T _L , which cannot. In this work we use non-linear parameter estimation to determine the vertical profile of the Lagrangian time scale that simultaneously optimises agreement between modelled and measured vertical profiles of temperature, water vapour and carbon dioxide concentrations within a 40-m tall temperate Eucalyptus forest in south-eastern Australia. Modelled temperature and concentration profiles are generated using Lagrangian dispersion theory combined with source/sink distributions of sensible heat, water vapour and CO₂. These distributions are derived from a multilayer Soil-Vegetation-Atmospheric-Transfer model subject to multiple constraints: (1) daytime eddy flux measurements of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO₂ above the canopy, (2) in-canopy lidar measurements of leaf area density distribution, and (3) chamber measurements of CO₂ ground fluxes. The resulting estimate of Lagrangian time scale within the canopy under near-neutral conditions is about 1.7 times higher than previous estimates and decreases towards zero at the ground. It represents an advance over previous estimates of T _L , which are largely unconstrained by measurements.  相似文献   

New insights into hominin lithic activities at FLK North Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania     

F. Diez-Martin  P. Sanchez Yustos  M. Domínguez-Rodrigo  A.Z.P. Mabulla  H.T. Bunn  G.M. Ashley  R. Barba  E. Baquedano   《Quaternary Research》2010,74(3):376-387

Recent work at FLK North (FLK N) has unearthed a new archaeological assemblage recovered with precise control of its stratigraphic position. In the present work, the technological study of the new lithic sample is described. The results show the co-occurrence in the same site of different technological behaviors. At FLK N, hominins were involved in both percussion/battering activities and, through freehand and bipolar knapping, in core reduction. However, the reconstruction of the operational sequences shows that core reduction was probably a marginal behavior, while percussion/battering activities occurred more regularly throughout the sequence. If hominins were not involved in regular carcass processing, as recent taphonomic studies suggest, then hominins' sporadic and low-impact visits to the site over a long period of time must have been driven by other activities probably linked to the exploitation of alternative resources. Plant processing could have been a plausible explanation for hominin presence at FLK N.  相似文献