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61.
GPS工程控制网投影变形的处理 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在GPS工程控制网建立的内业处理中,为后续的方便必须设法高斯投影变形对坐标成果的影响,本文在简要介绍了常规投影变形处理方法之后,提出了尺度强制约束和投影面重新选择两种投影变形的处理方法。工程实践检验表明,两种方法不但可行而且可使处理后的坐标系统与国家坐标系统尽可能保持一致,方便了工程使用。 相似文献
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1996年以来 ,日本通信综合研究所 (简称CRL)在时频方面的研究取得了显著的成绩。其中主要包括 :光抽运铯频标的研制 ;亚太地区卫星双向时间比对网的构造 ;长波授时台的建立。此外还阐述了该所的其他一些时频研究活动 相似文献
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通过分析海空重力测量系统误差的形成机理,我们发现海空重力仪格值标定误差是引起系统性测量偏差的主要因素之一.本文简要介绍了重力仪格值的标定方法,分析论证了格值标定的精度要求,提出了利用东西正反向重复测线检测校正海空重力仪格值的计算模型和补偿方法,分析讨论了该方法的校正精度及其适用条件,利用航空重力实际观测网数据对该方法的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证,证明该方法对消除海空重力测量系统性偏差具有显著作用. 相似文献
66.
利用遥感手段对玛纳斯河流域绿洲-荒漠带的荒漠化状况进行监测。利用不同时期TM数据,在小尺度上分析该区域2000~2008年荒漠化土地的分布特征;基于MODIS陆地遥感产品(NDVI、Albedo及LST),利用多源信息复合法计算荒漠化程度指数;基于TM荒漠化监测结果对该指数进行分级处理,初步建立并验证基于MODIS数据的荒漠化监测评价模型。结果表明:近10 a来,绿洲外围荒漠化土地变化较小,大部分变化发生在绿洲内部,主要为局部荒漠化被开发或因盐碱化过重导致的撂荒;荒漠化监测评价模型对研究区荒漠化程度定量评价精度可达91.25%。 相似文献
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Does scale exist? An epistemological scale continuum for complex human-environment systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Steven M. Manson 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):776-788
Scale pervades interdisciplinary research on human-environment systems that exhibit hallmarks of complexity such as path dependence, nonlinearity, and surprise. Although scale concepts are woven through the data, methodology, and theory of human-environment research, the question remains: does scale exist? More broadly, can a single definition of scale suffice for human-environment systems? The meaning and use of scale is contested across the social, natural, and information sciences. Given that the study of human-environment systems spans many of these disciplines, specific research problems inherit a broad range of conflicting scale concepts. This paper proposes an epistemological scale continuum that arrays scale perspectives from the realist contention that there are natural scales independent of observers through to the constructionist view that scale is subjective and socially mediated. As seen in biocomplexity and human-environment research more broadly, this scale continuum establishes that scale is not a single measure or object of study, nor is any single definition of scale sufficient for human-environment systems. Viewpoints and tensions among scale epistemologies also suggest several general principles for using scale effectively in human-environment research. 相似文献
69.
The interface between environmentalism and neoliberalism in industrialised nations is dynamic and evolving with each of these significant socio-political movements exerting influence on the other. In the context of Australian environmental policy, ideas of heritage, sense of place and belonging are increasingly invoked to support the current policy emphasis on the role of regional communities for realising goals for land and water conservation and environmental restoration. To explore the broader meaning and consequences of these developments, we focus on the manner in which ideas of heritage are employed and evoked within the Murray–Darling Outreach Project, a collaboration between the Murray–Darling Basin Commission, a key natural resource management agency, and the National Museum of Australia. The Murray–Darling Outreach Project has the aim of increasing community involvement in local environmental issues by promoting ideas of vernacular heritage. 相似文献
70.
Impervious surface is an important environmental and socio-economic indicator for numerous urban studies. While a large number of researches have been conducted to estimate the area and distribution of impervious surface from satellite data, the accuracy for impervious surface estimation (ISE) is insufficient due to high diversity of urban land cover types. This study evaluated the use of panchromatic (PAN) data in very high resolution satellite image for improving the accuracy of ISE by various pan-sharpening approaches, with a further comprehensive analysis of its scale effects. Three benchmark pan-sharpening approaches, Gram-Schmidt (GS), PANSHARP and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to WorldView-2 in three spots of Hong Kong. The on-screen digitization were carried out based on Google Map and the results were viewed as referenced impervious surfaces. The referenced impervious surfaces and the ISE results were then re-scaled to various spatial resolutions to obtain the percentage of impervious surfaces. The correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) were adopted as the quantitative indicator to assess the accuracy. The accuracy differences between three research areas were further illustrated by the average local variance (ALV) which was used for landscape pattern analysis. The experimental results suggested that 1) three research regions have various landscape patterns; 2) ISE accuracy extracted from pan-sharpened data was better than ISE from original multispectral (MS) data; and 3) this improvement has a noticeable scale effects with various resolutions. The improvement was reduced slightly as the resolution became coarser. 相似文献