GPS载波定位中双差观测值权的合理确定   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

高成发  赵毅  万德钧 《测绘科学》2005,30(3):28-32

在GPS载波定位中双差观测值权的确定较为重要,本文在简要介绍了两种常规定权方法之后首次提出了“高度角定权法”,并以某大型水电站的实测数据分析了三种定权方法对基线坐标解算结果精度的影响,数据结果清楚地表明本文提出的“高度角定权”能有效地提高基线坐标解算结果的精度。  相似文献   

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)     

李宗省  何元庆  Wilfred H.THEAKSTONE  王旭峰  张薇  曹伟宏  杜建扩  辛惠娟  常丽 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(3):416-430

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.  相似文献   

不同摄动力对低中高轨航天器轨道的影响分析     

何丽娜 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(11):1156-1160

通过两行根数获取轨道初值,以数值积分方法进行轨道预报,比较不同航天器的主要摄动力影响,并按航天器的轨道类型进行总结与分析。结果表明,地球非球形引力是产生位移偏量最大的摄动力,大气阻力和三体引力摄动与轨道高度有明显联系,太阳光压摄动力具有与航天器运行周期一致的周期特征。  相似文献   

一种基于MODIS积雪产品的雪线高度提取方法   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

鲍伟佳  刘时银  吴坤鹏  王荣军  蒋宗立 《冰川冻土》2017,39(2):259-272

冰川雪线高度的遥感提取对冰川物质平衡研究具有重要意义。提出一种基于晴空环境下积雪覆盖频率的雪线高度提取方法。使用MOD10A1积雪产品中的像元积雪面积比例数据,提取了2000/2001-2014/2015年间高亚洲地区冰川消融期末雪线高度。使用实测的冰川年物质平衡资料和气象格网数据对提取的雪线高度变化的可信度进行分析。研究表明：近15 a高亚洲雪线高度变化及趋势具有明显的东西差异,雪线高度变化幅度自青藏高原内部地区向四周呈增加趋势,西部大于东部。提取的冰川雪线高度变化与观测的年物质平衡序列具有很高的相关性,对物质平衡波动的平均解释率可高达75%;与气象要素（气温、降水）的年际变化的相关性也较高,约61.58%的格网冰川雪线高度变化可以由夏季气温和季节降水解释。而高亚洲各分区冰川雪线高度的波动规律也与大气环流背景分布一致。因此提取的雪线高度变化具有冰川学意义,可以进一步应用于冰川物质平衡估算及模拟研究中。  相似文献   

近50年来北极斯瓦尔巴地区冰川物质平衡变化特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

何海迪  李忠勤  王璞玉  张明军  王林 《冰川冻土》2017,39(4):701-709

利用长时间序列的冰川物质平衡资料,详细分析了北极斯瓦尔巴地区冰川的物质平衡变化特征以及气候因子对物质平衡的影响。结果表明：近50年来斯瓦尔巴地区冰川物质平衡变化主要呈负平衡、零平衡/略微增长两种状态。冰川净平衡一般为负值,年际变化波动幅度较大且呈负平衡趋势,累积物质平衡表现出长期稳定的负平衡增长态势。除Kongsvegen冰川外,其他冰川不存在短期内的平衡波动。季节变化表现为夏季消融、冬季积累,且夏季消融比冬季积累波动更大,冰川净平衡与夏季消融保持同步变化趋势。冰川净平衡与平衡线高度（ELA）呈负相关（平均相关系数为-0.89）,与积累区面积比率（AAR）呈正相关（平均相关系数为0.84）,该地区大多数冰川AAR减小,说明冰川物质补给处于劣势,冰川物质平衡向负平衡发展。夏季气温升高是斯瓦尔巴地区冰川表面物质加速亏损的直接原因。  相似文献   

Caractérisation hydrogéochimique de la nappe du Continental Intercalaire (sud tunisien) / Hydrogeochemical characterization of the Continental Intercalaire aquifer (southern Tunisia)     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):526-537

Abstract

The study of the Continental Intercalaire aquifer system of southern Tunisia, based on the interpretation of geochemical (major elements) and isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C and ¹⁴C) data, has aided the understanding of the hydrodynamics of this multi-layer aquifer system, which is greatly influenced by tectonics. The determination of the origin of groundwater salinization and the understanding of the hydrogeological and geochemical behaviour of this aquifer were achieved by studying the correlation between the major elements and total mineralization (TDS). By using isotopic tools, it was shown that the water of this aquifer has been recharged under cooler, palaeoclimatic conditions. The technique also made it possible to better understand the hydrodynamic functioning of the aquifer system: it showed that the relatively recent recharge of the aquifer has been by direct infiltration from carbonate and sandy outcrops of the Cretaceous and Miocene, respectively, located in the eastern and northeastern parts of the aquifer. The ¹⁸O content was used to calculate the altitude of recharge basins. The isotopic gradient defined in this study is ?0.5 δ¹⁸O ‰/100 m.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地河水氢氧同位素与水化学特征分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

王文祥  王瑞久  李文鹏  殷秀兰  刘成林 《水文地质工程地质》2013,40(4):29-35

塔里木盆地是内陆地区重要的能源战略基地,研究其地表水的氢氧同位素和水化学特征对于区域水资源研究有重要意义.分析了塔里木盆地主要河流的河水样品δD-δ18O之间的关系以及主要离子与C1-之间的变化关系,得出如下认识:天山南麓和盆地西南部河水样品的δD、δ180值之间的差异主要是由同位素的高程效应引起的,昆仑山北坡河水样品的δD、δ180值之间的差异是同位素的高程效应和大陆效应共同作用的结果;渭干河、阿克苏河、喀什噶尔河、和田河中Na+主要来源于河水对蒸发盐石盐的溶解,K+主要来自于矿物的风化过程,喀什噶尔河流域中Ca2和SO42-主要来自于石膏的溶解,渭干河、阿克苏河、和田河流域中的Ca2和SO42-不来源于高溶解度的矿物.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary glaciation and equilibrium-line altitudes of the Mayan Ice Cap, Guatemala, Central America     

Alex J. Roy  Matthew S. Lachniet 《Quaternary Research》2010,74(1):1-7

The Sierra los Cuchumatanes (3837 m), Guatemala, supported a plateau ice cap and valley glaciers around Montaña San Juan (3784 m) that totaled ∼ 43 km² in area during the last local glacial maximum. Former ice limits are defined by sharp-crested lateral and terminal moraines that extend to elevations of ∼ 3450 m along the ice cap margin, and to ca. 3000-3300 m for the valley glaciers. Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) estimated using the area-altitude balance ratio method for the maximum late Quaternary glaciation reached as low as 3470 m for the valley glaciers and 3670 m for the Mayan Ice Cap. Relative to the modern altitude of the 0°C isotherm of ∼ 4840 m, we determined ELA depressions of 1110-1436 m. If interpreted in terms of a depression of the freezing level during maximal glaciation along the modern lapse rate of − 5.3°C km^− 1, this ΔELA indicates tropical highland cooling of ∼ 5.9 to 7.6 ± 1.2°C. Our data support greater glacial highland cooling than at sea level, implying a high tropical sensitivity to global climate changes. The large magnitude of ELA depression in Guatemala may have been partially forced by enhanced wetness associated with southward excursions of the boreal winter polar air mass.  相似文献   

公路建设对甘南草原生态环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李英华 张镭段丽洁  胡向军 《干旱气象》2005,23(4):61-65

根据甘肃甘南藏族自治区的自然环境特征、国道G213线的工程建设特点,分析了G213线改扩建工程对甘南州草原生态环境的影响。结果表明,公路建设施工期对沿线植被的负面影响较剧烈,局部土壤环境受到较大扰动,被扰动的土体侵蚀类型主要是水蚀,扰动后可能造成水土流失量为68866.7 t,新增水土流失量为63 060.5 t。针对项目可能存在的主要生态环境问题(植被破坏、水土流失等),提出了建议措施。  相似文献   

利用TGO实现坐标换带与高程面转换的方法     

周命端  郭际明  张玉生  李琛 《测绘科学》2012,37(2):141-142,145

本文研究了坐标换带与高程面转换的计算方法,提出坐标换带与高程面转换综合计算的处理模式和基于TGO软件的坐标换带与高程面转换综合计算方法,并给出详细的计算流程,最后用实例证明了本文方法的有效性。  相似文献