水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

张志南 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(1):115-122

概述浅海生态系的水层系统与底栖系统耦合的基本原理,着重介绍有机质沉降动力学、底栖生态系统对有机质的响应、生物沉降和侧向平流、生物扰动和沉积物再悬浮研究的进展,结语中提出应予优先支持研究的科学问题。  相似文献   

Long-term divergent tidal flat benthic community recovery following hypoxia-induced mortality     

C. Van Colen  F. Montserrat  M. Vincx  T. Ysebaert  S. Degraer 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):178-84

Macrobenthos recovery after hypoxia-induced mass mortality was assessed in an estuarine tidal mudflat during 3 years. During the first 2 years, a Pearson-Rosenberg type of community recovery took place along with the improving bottom water oxygen conditions. After 3 months, spionid polychaetes became superabundant (i.e. opportunistic peak), followed rapidly by a steep decline (i.e. ecotone point). Subsequently, a moderate increase in species richness and a steep increase in biomass, related to the growth of long-lived species occurred (i.e. transition region). Afterwards, however, the recovering community diverged again from the ambient, undisturbed, sediments due to enhanced recruitment success of long-lived species presumably resulting from the lowered interference from bioturbation during early recovery stages in the disturbed plots. Hence, despite early community recovery may be more or less deterministic, lagged divergent community reassembling may occur at the longer-term, thereby contributing to benthos patchiness in areas which are frequently subjected to disturbances.  相似文献   

Stratigraphy of the mid‐ to upper‐Cretaceous System in the Aridagawa area,Wakayama, Southwest Japan     

Akihiro Misaki  Haruyoshi Maeda 《Island Arc》2010,19(3):517-529

The litho‐ and biostratigraphy of the mid‐ to upper‐Cretaceous System around the Yagumaike Pond in the Aridagawa area, Wakayama, Southwest Japan, were investigated. Many Middle to Late Albian megafossils were found in the strata of a block bounded by faults. It was also revealed that the Upper Cretaceous System of other blocks ranges from the Middle Turonian to Santonian. The Albian megafossil assemblage contains few benthic organisms, in contrast with the abundance of nektons found (e.g. cephalopods). Sedimentological observations of the mudstone profiles also indicate that scarcely or weakly bioturbated, well‐laminated mudstone is dominant among the Albian deposits. These results suggest deposition of the Albian mudstone under a dysaerobic to anoxic environment. It is comparable to the extended oceanic anoxia (OAEs) in mid‐Cretaceous time. Albian deposits with similar characteristics are also known to exist in Shikoku, Southwest Japan. A wide sedimentary basin that was directly affected by global environmental events, such as OAEs, seemed to be formed on the Chichibu Belt in the Albian. The Upper Cretaceous strata in the study area are extremely thin, similar to the coeval deposits on the Chichibu Belt in Shikoku. It is suggested that the sedimentation rate in the sedimentary basin on the Chichibu Belt was extremely low during early Late Cretaceous time.  相似文献   

陕西金粟山中奥陶统生物扰动构造与古环境分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

费安玮  张忠涛 《地球科学》2002,27(6):703-710

首次在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘陕西金粟山中奥陶统峰峰组八陡段与金粟山组第一段发现遗迹化石及其生物扰动构造.该地区中奥陶统含大量无法鉴定遗迹属种的生物扰动构造并产丰富的叠层石.分析、概括了生物扰动构造的分布及其特征, 采用生物扰动构造半定量分析方法并结合叠层石及沉积学研究对各组段古环境进行了解释, 进而认为: 中奥陶世自峰峰组八陡段到金粟山组第一段沉积期, 本区经历了3次由叠层石发育的潮坪环境到开阔台地浅海低能环境的古地理演变, 即海平面发生了3次较大的升降过程.   相似文献   

Bioturbation and erosion rates along the soil-hillslope conveyor belt,part 2: Quantification using an analytical solution of the diffusion–advection equation     

Andrea Román-Sánchez  Ana Laguna  Tony Reimann  Juan Vicente Giráldez  Adolfo Peña  Tom Vanwalleghem 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(10):2066-2080

Particles on soil-mantled hillslopes are subject to downslope transport by erosion processes and vertical mixing by bioturbation. Both are key processes for understanding landscape evolution and soil formation, and affect the functioning of the critical zone. We show here how the depth–age information, derived from feldspar-based single grain post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR), can be used to simultaneously quantify erosion and bioturbation processes along a hillslope. In this study, we propose, for the first time, an analytical solution for the diffusion–advection equation to calculate the diffusivity constant and erosion–deposition rates. We have fitted this model to age–depth data derived from 15 soil samples from four soil profiles along a catena located under natural grassland in the Santa Clotilde Critical Zone Observatory, in the south of Spain. A global sensitivity analysis was used to assess the relative importance of each model parameter in the output. Finally, the posterior probability density functions were calculated to evaluate the uncertainty in the model parameter estimates. The results show that the diffusivity constant at the surface varies from 11.4 to 81.9 mm² a^-1 for the hilltop and hill-base profile, respectively, and between 7.4 and 64.8 mm² a^-1 at 50 cm depth. The uncertainty in the estimation of the erosion–deposition rates was found to be too high to make a reliable estimate, probably because erosion–deposition processes are much slower than bioturbation processes in this environment. This is confirmed by a global sensitivity analysis that shows how the most important parameters controlling the age–depth structure in this environment are the diffusivity constant and regolith depth. Finally, we have found a good agreement between the soil reworking rates proposed by earlier studies, considering only particle age and depth, and the estimated diffusivity constants. The soil reworking rates are effective rates, corrected for the proportion of particles actually participating in the process. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)扰动下沉积物-水界面pH值的二维、高分辨分布特征     

姚磊  韩超  丁士明 《湖泊科学》2016,28(1):156-162

采用平面光电极技术研究了霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)扰动对湖泊沉积物-水界面二维pH值分布特征的影响.结果表明水丝蚓扰动能将沉积物-水界面处pH值的变化梯度由2.5 mm内降低1.6个pH值单位减缓至约1 cm内降低0.6个pH值单位,并在界面处形成约1 cm深的pH值缓冲区域.水丝蚓的造穴活动也会对沉积物的二维pH值分布产生影响,洞穴内的pH值高于洞穴周边沉积物约0.6个pH值单位.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲关键种泥螺Bullacta exarata对沉积物-水体界面溶解氧和营养盐通量的影响     

李宝泉  Bouma Tjeerd J.  王全超  Soissons Laura M.  Cozzoli Francesco  冯光海  李晓静  周政权  陈琳琳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):48-55

泥螺自2001因养殖目的引入黄河三角洲以来，随着分布范围的扩大和种群数量的增长，已成为当地潮间带的关键种。泥螺给当地民众带来较高收入，但其对底栖生态系统的潜在影响还不清楚。为了明确该种群的生物扰动对底栖微藻和微生物的初级生产，以及对水体-沉积物界面营养盐交换的影响，开展了该项实验。结果表明，在光照条件下，泥螺能显著影响沉积物-水体界面的溶解氧DO通量；在黑暗及无生物处理组的恢复期，泥螺能显著增加两界面间氨氮的通量。底栖微藻和小型生物在黑暗条件下也能增加氨氮的通量；但在有光照条件下，上述微藻和小型底栖动物对沉积物-水体界面间溶解氧和氨氮通量的影响不明显。实验结果为更深入理解泥螺对生态系统的影响提供重要理论支持。  相似文献   

The interpretative value of transformed tephra sequences     

Andrew J. Dugmore  Polly I. J. Thompson  Richard T. Streeter  Nick A. Cutler  Anthony J. Newton  Martin P. Kirkbride 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):23-38

We explore developments in tephra science that consider more than chronology, using case studies of morphological transformations of tephra deposits. Volcanic processes and prevailing weather conditions determine the distribution of tephra deposits immediately after an eruption, but as these freshly fallen tephra become part of the stratigraphic record, the thickness, morphology and definition of the layers they form changes, reflecting the interplay of the tephra, climate, Earth surface processes, topography and vegetation structure, plus direct or indirect modification caused by people and animals. Once part of the stratigraphic record, there can be further diagnostic changes to the morphology of tephra layers, such as the creation of over folds by cryoturbation. Thus, tephra layers may contain proxy evidence of both past surface environments and subsurface processes. Transformations of tephra deposits can complicate the reconstruction of past volcanic processes and make the application of classical tephrochronology as pioneered by Thorarinsson (Sigurður Þórarinsson in Icelandic) challenging. However, as Thorarinsson also noted, novel sources of environmental data can exist within transformed tephra sequences that include the spread or removal of tephra, variations in layer thickness and internal structures, the nature of contact surfaces and the orientation of layers.  相似文献   

河南东濮凹陷古近系沙三中亚段重力流沉积与伴生遗迹化石组合          下载免费PDF全文

张洪安  王长征  蒋飞虎  靳亚勤  胡斌 《古地理学报》2020,22(6):1157-1170

基于对东濮凹陷97口钻井岩心的详细观察和分析,在古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段湖相沉积中识别出滑动、滑塌、碎屑流和浊流共4种类型的重力流沉积。各种类型沉积的主要判识特征如下: (1)滑动沉积以保留部分原始沉积构造、层内准同生小型断裂构造及较大角度的地层倾角(陡倾构造)发育、伴生Skolithos-Palaeophycus遗迹组合或Planolites-Taenidium遗迹组合为主要特征; (2)滑塌沉积以砂岩层顶、底面均与暗色泥岩呈突变接触以及岩层内部发育各种同生软沉积物变形构造(如包卷层理、火焰状构造、泄水构造、液化脉和各种撕裂屑等)为主要鉴别特征;(3)碎屑流沉积以砂岩呈块状构造、顶部发育漂浮砾石、底部泥岩撕裂屑发育并可见“泥包砾”现象、砂岩顶、底面均与暗色泥岩突变接触为特征;滑塌沉积和碎屑流沉积序列的上部常常伴生Mermoides-Parapaleodictyon遗迹组合; (4)浊流沉积以发育完整或不完整的鲍马序列为主要特征,浊积砂体下部见正粒序层理,底面见有冲刷痕、不规则槽模、重荷模等沉积构造,中上部发育深湖沉积中常见的Semirotundichnus-Puyangichnus遗迹组合。综合分析上述各种重力流沉积特征和伴生遗迹化石组合所体现的水深变化规律,认为遗迹化石组合随着湖水深度的增加呈分带性,与重力流沉积随水深增加而出现的滑动—滑塌—碎屑流—浊流沉积序列具有明显的一致性,且伴随重力流沉积而产生的生物扰动作用是增强的。因此,生物扰动构造(遗迹化石)的研究不仅对湖相沉积中储集层物性的分析具有重要意义,而且针对重力流沉积类型的判识还能提供重要的生物遗迹学信息。  相似文献   

Physical and biological drivers of sediment oxygenation and denitrification in a New Zealand intermittently closed and open lake lagoon     

Josie A. Crawshaw  Marc Schallenberg  Candida Savage 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(1):33-59

Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) are shallow estuarine ecosystems, many of which show eutrophication symptoms. The physical and biological drivers of sediment oxygenation and denitrification were examined in a New Zealand ICOLL using in situ enclosures for one year. Denitrification was seasonally and spatially variable, and higher denitrification rates were driven by organic matter availability, temperature and nitrate flux. The bulldozing invertebrates generally deepened oxygen penetration in 18% of oxygen profiles, consistent with their effect in multiple regressions. Chironomid larvae (Chironomidae) dominated the benthic community, and their tubular burrows modified oxygen penetration into the sediment in 18% of profiles, potentially affecting denitrification in the ICOLL through bioirrigation. Our study shows that macroinvertebrates support increased sediment oxygenation; therefore the use of artificial opening regimes in many ICOLLs may have negative effects on macroinvertebrate community composition and may consequently inhibit denitrification.  相似文献