The effect of a tidal cycle on the dynamics of nutrients in a tidal estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Shigeru Montani  Paolo Magni  Megumi Shimamoto  Nao Abe  Koichi Okutani 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):65-76

A 24 hour time series survey was carried out during a spring tide (tidal range ca.2 m) of May 1995 on a tidal estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, in the context of an integrated program planned to quantify the dynamics of biophilic elements (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and the roles played by the macrobenthos on the processes. Three stations were set along a transect line of about 1.4 km, which linked the river to the rear to the innermost part of the subtidal zone. Every hour, at each station, measurements were made of surface water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration, and surface water was collected for the determination of nutrients [NH₄ ⁺−N, (NO₃ ⁻+NO₂ ⁻)−N, PO₄ ³⁻−P and Si (OH)₄−Si]. During the ebb flow, riverine input of silicate and nitrate+nitrite significantly increased the concentrations of both the intertidal and the subtidal stations. Conversely, during the high tide, river nutrient concentrations were lowered by the mixing of fresh water with sea water. As a result, best (inverse) correlations were found at the river station for salinity against silicate (y=-2.9 Sal.+110.7,r ²=0.879) and nitrate+nitrite (y=-1.3 Sal.+48.4,r ²=0.796). In contrast, ammonium nitrogen concentrations were higher at intermediate salinities. Indeed, no significant correlation was found between salinity and ammonium. The effect of the macrobenthos, which is abundant on the intertidal flat, is discussed as a biological component that influences the processes of nutrient regeneration within the estuary. The effect of the tidal amplitude is an important one in determining the extent of the variations in nutrient concentrations at all three stations, which were stronger between the lower low tide and the higher high tide.  相似文献   

Fluvial carbon export and CO2 efflux in representative nested headwater catchments of the eastern La Plata River Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Mino Viana Sorribas  David da Motta Marques  Nilza Maria dos Reis Castro  Fernando Mainardi Fan 《水文研究》2017,31(5):995-1006

This study involved a baseline evaluation of fluvial carbon export and degas rates in three nested rural catchments (1 to 80 km²) in Taboão, a representative experimental catchment of the Upper Uruguay River Basin. Analyses of the carbon content in stream waters and the catchment carbon yield were based on 4‐year monthly in situ data and statistical modeling using the United States Geological Survey load estimator model. We also estimated p CO₂ and degas fluxes using carbonate equilibrium and gas‐exchange formulas. Our results indicated that the water was consistently p CO₂ saturated (~90% of the cases) and that the steep terrain favors high gas evasion rates. The mean calculated fluvial export was 5.4 tC·km^?2·year^?1 with inorganic carbon dominating (dissolved inorganic carbon:dissolved organic carbon ratio >4), and degas rates (~40 tC km^?2·year^?1) were nearly sevenfold higher than the downstream export. The homogeneous land use in this nested catchment system results in similar water‐quality characteristics, and therefore, export rates are expected to be closely related to the rainfall–runoff relationships at each scale. Although the sampling campaigns did not fully reproduce storm‐event conditions and related effects such as flushing or dilution of in‐stream carbon, our results indicated a potential link between dissolved inorganic carbon and slower hydrological pathways related to subsurface water storage and movement.  相似文献   

冬季台湾海峡²¹⁰Po和²¹⁰Pb的分布特征及颗粒物的输出     

张立浩  杨伟锋  陈敏  朱义年  王宙  方仔铭  邱雨生  李艳红 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):12-21

~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb are increasingly used to constrain particle dynamics in the open oceans, however they are less used in coastal waters. Here, distributions and partitions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb were examined in the Taiwan Strait, as well as their application to quantify particle sinking. Activity concentrations of dissolved ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb(0.6 μm)ranged from 1.21 to 7.63 dpm/(100 L) and from 1.07 to 6.33 dpm/(100 L), respectively. Activity concentrations of particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb varied from 1.96 to 36.74 dpm/(100 L) and from 3.11 to 38.06 dpm/(100 L). Overall,particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb accounted for the majority of the bulk ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb. 210 Po either in dissolved or particulate phases showed similar spatial patterns to 210 Pb, indicating similar mechanisms for controlling the distributions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb in the Taiwan Strait. The different fractionation coefficients indicated that particles in the Zhemin Coastal Current(ZCC) inclined to absorb 210 Po prior to 210 Pb while they showed an opposite effect in the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC). Based on the disequilibria between ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb, the sinking fluxes of total particulate matter(TPM) were estimated to range from –0.22 to 3.84 g/(m2·d), showing an overall comparable spatial distribution to previous reported sediment accumulation rates. However, our sinking fluxes were lower than the sedimentation rates, indicating a sediment resuspension in winter and horizontal transport of particulate matter from the Taiwan Strait to the East China Sea.  相似文献   

The influence of climate on water chemistry states and dynamics in rivers across Australia     

Anna Lintern  Shuci Liu  Camille Minaudo  Rémi Dupas  Danlu Guo  Kefeng Zhang  Ulrike Bende-Michl  Clément Duvert 《水文研究》2021,35(12):e14423

For effective water quality management and policy development, spatial variability in the mean concentrations and dynamics of riverine water quality needs to be understood. Using water chemistry (calcium, electrical conductivity, nitrate-nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids) data for up to 578 locations across the Australian continent, we assessed the impact of climate zones (arid, Mediterranean, temperate, subtropical, tropical) on (i) inter-annual mean concentration and (ii) water chemistry dynamics as represented by constituent export regimes (ratio of the coefficients of variation of concentration and discharge) and export patterns (slope of the concentration-discharge relationship). We found that inter-annual mean concentrations vary significantly by climate zones and that spatial variability in water chemistry generally exceeds temporal variability. However, export regimes and patterns are generally consistent across climate zones. This suggests that intrinsic properties of individual constituents rather than catchment properties determine export regimes and patterns. The spatially consistent water chemistry dynamics highlights the potential to predict riverine water quality across the Australian continent, which can support national riverine water quality management and policy development.  相似文献   

自主探索还是追随前沿?——中国高技术出口产业地理演化路径辨析          下载免费PDF全文

刘洁敏  贺灿飞 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):1077-1087

演化经济地理学认为,地方产业演化是路径依赖的,新的产业从本地现有关联产业中衍生出来。这个理论以地方具备同等优势的创造能力为前提,而创造能力本身对地方条件有着较高的要求。现实条件下,发展中地区开发先进工业,相比依赖本地现有产业基础自主创造的发展路径,紧密跟随并积极参与发达经济体开辟的先进制造业产品市场、主动吸收知识溢出、进行学习合作型创造或是一条更可行的道路。以2000—2015年中国561个海关报关国内地区代码划分的地区行政单元高技术出口产业地理演化为研究对象,验证了这一假设。结论显示：本地技术关联水平对地方高技术产业地理演化主要在近期产生影响,进口产品的知识溢出表现出中长期的促进作用,且地方技术水平的差异对地方利用知识溢出效果并无显著影响。这一结论证明发展中地区可以通过紧随前沿、学习合作打破本地路径锁定,实现路径跳跃。  相似文献   

中国企业出口动态的空间差异性     

胡绪千  贺灿飞 《地理研究》2019,38(9):2129-2147

对于企业出口动态的研究有助于更好地理解支撑贸易增长、贸易方式结构变化的机制。本文描述近年来中国企业出口动态的空间格局,并从地方出口多样性的角度解释出口动态的空间差异性。研究发现,在2003—2011年,中国企业出口动态在时间上呈现从高速增长到稳定增长的变化特征;空间上表现出地区集聚特征,贸易高进入型地区呈现出从沿海向内陆转移的趋势,且在一般贸易企业中更为明显。中国企业出口动态受到产品出口多样性和市场出口多样性影响,产品出口多样性主要依靠信息发现效应提升地方企业出口市场进入率,并不能阻止企业退出出口市场;市场出口多样性不能促进企业进入出口市场,但可抑制在位企业退出市场,且这种风险分散效应对于一般贸易更强。此外,对于能够在多次或持续出口的企业而言,出口产品相关多样性能够降低地方企业出口退出率,表明出口学习效应的效果可能与企业参与出口的时间有关。  相似文献   

外资效应、经济复杂度与内资企业出口市场拓展     

任卓然  徐青文  贺灿飞  李伟 《地理研究》2022,41(6):1554-1576

外资企业对内资企业出口能力提升和出口市场拓展具有重要影响。本文基于2000—2016年中国地级市出口数据,分析中国内资企业出口市场拓展格局,研究外资效应对内资企业进入新出口市场和出口额增长的影响,并依据经济和技术复杂度检验外资效应的区域和产业异质性。描述性分析发现：① 内资企业出口在国内呈多级连片格局,逐渐向非洲和拉丁美洲等新兴市场拓展。② 处于低复杂度城市/产业的内资企业更倾向于拓展新出口市场,处于高复杂度城市/产业的内资企业则倾向于提升出口额。计量模型结果表明：① 外资企业推动了内资企业出口额增长,但抑制了其进入新出口市场,分别表现出溢出效应和竞争效应。② 从区域和产业异质性来看,外资企业仅在高复杂度城市/产业阻碍了内资企业出口市场拓展,表现出竞争效应;而在低复杂度城市/产业则表现为溢出效应。③ 相较于低经济复杂度城市,高经济复杂度城市的内资企业受到的竞争和溢出效应均更强。  相似文献   

A case for introducing an explicit carbon price into China's export tax     

Xin Wang  Ji Feng Li  Ya Xiong Zhang 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):410-423

In recent years, export value-added tax (VAT) refund rebate and export tax (EVRRET) measures have been adopted for energy-intensive products in China. They are proclaimed to be climate policy, yet there is no explicit and unique carbon cost set on export, and the implicit export carbon tax rates vary dramatically across sectors and over different periods. A method is provided to introduce an explicit and unique carbon cost into the current EVRRET. By setting a comparable carbon cost (US$20/tCO₂ and US$30/tCO₂) for eight major energy-intensive sectors to which the EVRRET is widely applied, it derives the corresponding ad valorem average rate for each sector. The introduction of a carbon cost into export VAT refund rebate policy would not increase the current export VAT refund rebate rate (except for the chemical sector), but would simply define a ceiling. However, the same introduction into the export tax policy would lead to an overall increase in sectoral export tax rates. In terms of competitiveness and World Trade Organisation concerns, the better option for introducing a carbon cost into Chinese exports would be through reforming export VAT refund rebate policy.  相似文献   

数字地图制图中的地图输出设计   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵军喜  高博 《测绘学院学报》2000,17(4):289-292

论述了在数字制图环境下地图输出的特点,在分析了地图上点、线、面符号特征和构造原理的基础上,提出了一种用于数字地图符号化输出的地图符号库数据结构。  相似文献   

2000—2011年产品空间网络视角下中国出口演化及其机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李珊  冯攀  宋雨儒  秦小珍  李郇 《热带地理》2020,40(1):40-50

经济全球化下,研究中国出口演化对经济发展的影响至关重要。西方演化经济学界“产品空间网络”理论的提出,为地区产业发展提供了科学复杂网络方法的新视角。国内学界基于该理论在全球尺度下研究中国产业演化的研究甚为匮乏。文章利用2000—2011年全球海关贸易数据库,以R软件可视化全球动态产品空间,构建了“核心区位度”新指标来科学测度国家在全球贸易格局中的位置,探讨国家在产品空间网络中“核心-外围”位置对本国经济的影响。研究发现,不同发展程度的国家在产品网络空间的位置存在差别,国家的经济表现越好,国家越倾向于在产品空间网络处于核心位置。中国已改变传统上的专业化生产两极分化出口贸易模式,形成相对均衡化的贸易格局,出口优势产品开始从产品空间网络的外围轻工业集群,走向核心地带的机械设备集群及化工综合集群,成为全球网络核心区位度提升幅度最大的国家之一。通过回归模型得出,影响中国在产业空间网络中核心位置演化的主要因素是教育质量与研发投资等因素,而外商投资并未对中国走向网络核心位置存在显著影响。  相似文献