排序方式： 共有76条查询结果，搜索用时 440 毫秒
61.
Since a river system is a unidirectional network, the upstream influencing factors often interfere with those downstream. We quantify the effects of the TGD on the sediment exchange processes between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake. Based on yearly sediment load data from 1981 to 2008, two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models were constructed to predict the potential sedimentation in Dongting Lake without implementation of the TGD. The sediment discharge at Yichang station decreased from 622.5 to 61.1 Mt/year between 1981–1985 and 2003–2008, while the sedimentation in Dongting Lake reduced from 127.3 to 6.6 Mt/year. The MLP models indicate that only 27.9% of the decreased sediment load at Yichang station and 16.9% of that in Dongting Lake is caused by the TGD, while the rest is caused mostly by other upstream climate variations and anthropogenic impacts.
EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITORN. Ilich 相似文献
62.
非对称多层薄板折算力学模量的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为使有限单元法中的板壳单元更适合于分析地学问题,本文放弃前人对多层薄板的几何和弹性对称性限制,根据等效原则,重新推导了非对称多层薄板的中性面位置,进而给出了用各分层弹性模量和厚度表示的折合抗弯刚度及弹性模量。并结合两个三层地壳模型例题讨论了地壳各分层弯曲和薄膜应力与等效应力的差异. 相似文献
63.
强雷暴云中电荷多层分布与形成过程的三维数值模拟研究 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
通过建立云物理耦合电过程的冰粒子分档模式, 对北京一次强雷暴天气的云中空间电荷结构分布、 形成机制及放电过程进行了模拟分析研究。结果表明: (1) 云水含量主要通过感应起电来影响云水、 霰粒子之间的电荷转移, 然后再影响空间电荷分布。而包含了雨水后的液水含量主要通过非感应起电在不同含水量条件下的起电机制影响霰粒子同雪粒子 (或冰晶) 碰撞后转移电荷的极性与大小, 从而影响空间电荷结构。 (2) 微物理过程的不均匀性将导致水成物含水量源汇项的不均匀性。而这种不均匀性首先会使得水成物在不同垂直剖面上的分布也不均匀, 从而使得感应、 非感应起电变得更复杂。源汇项的不均匀性还会导致水成物之间因质量转移而产生的电荷转移也不均匀。 (3) 强的上升气流将冰相物携带到较高处, 从而使得水成物间发生电荷转移的高度也比较高。雪粒子在强上升气流上部及两侧区域出现多个含量中心, 霰粒子含量分布相对均匀, 而质量中心向背风侧倾斜。因此, 非感应起电过程主要发生在背风侧的辐散区域, 从而导致空间电荷也主要分布在该区域。强上升气流使得冰相水成物在不同区域出现含量中心, 使得同一冰相物在不同区域携带不同电荷 (尤其是在强风暴的成熟期), 从而使得空间电荷易于出现多层结构。 (4) 由于放电会改变空间电荷结构, 放电通道中的感应电荷会重新分配到各个水成物表面, 所以在微物理过程和动力过程等作用下, 在水成物质量转移过程中发生的电荷转移将会更加复杂, 从而使得空间电荷浓度分布更加复杂。但是该作用的重要性还需要进一步的研究。以上因子均是造成空间电荷多层分布的重要原因。 相似文献
64.
低频电磁信号在地下电性结构探测中具有重要作用,经过长距离传播,信号衰减,可能被淹没于噪声中.利用多重自相关检测方法,对微弱低频电磁信号进行检测,并与自适应滤波法和离散小波变换法进行对比.利用Matlab对3种算法进行仿真研究.结果表明,多重自相关法能更好抑制噪声,有效检测微弱信号,检测性能优于小波变换法和自适应滤波法. 相似文献
65.
Hossein Shafizadeh-Moghadam Julian Hagenauer Manuchehr Farajzadeh Marco Helbich 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):606-623
The majority of cities are rapidly growing. This makes the monitoring and modeling of urban change’s spatial patterns critical to urban planners, decision makers, and environment protection activists. Although a wide range of methods exists for modeling and simulating urban growth, machine learning (ML) techniques have received less attention despite their potential for producing highly accurate predictions of future urban extents. The aim of this study is to investigate two ML techniques, namely radial basis function network (RBFN) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks, for modeling urban change. By predicting urban change for 2010, the models’ performance is evaluated by comparing results with a reference map and by using a set of pertinent statistical measures, such as average spatial distance deviation and figure of merit. The application of these techniques employs the case study area of Mumbai, India. The results show that both models, which were tested using the same explanatory variables, produced promising results in terms of predicting the size and extent of future urban areas. Although a close match between RBFN and MLP is observed, RBFN demonstrates higher spatial accuracy of prediction. Accordingly, RBFN was utilized to simulate urban change for 2020 and 2030. Overall, the study provides evidence that RBFN is a robust and efficient ML technique and can therefore be recommended for land use change modeling. 相似文献
66.
以机载LiDAR点云数据为研究对象,提出一种新的基于点云数据的多层建筑物三维轮廓模型高精度自动重建方法。在已完成建筑物结构提取及轮廓规则化处理的基础上,利用多层屋顶轮廓在水平投影面内的相邻关系,将各层屋顶中同等级屋顶的相邻关系概括为平行边、不平行且不相交、相交3种相邻形式,结合多层屋顶的层级结构信息对相邻轮廓边界进行一致性处理。实验证明本文方法可以进一步消除多层建筑物各屋顶轮廓的规则化处理误差,使相邻轮廓边界在水平投影面内严格重合,同时重建后建筑物三维轮廓模型的正确性与完整性较高,拐点的定位精度优于激光点平均间距。 相似文献
67.
Strengthening the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction on the Tibetan Plateau to cope with the warming and wetting trend 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Xuelong Chen Lei Zhong Zeyong Hu Weiqiang Ma Cunbo Han Maoshan Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(4):100224
Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream regions. Against the background of widely reported warming and wetting, the hydrological cycle has accelerated and the likelihood of extreme weather events and natural disasters occurring (i.e., snowstorms, floods, landslides, mudslides, and ice avalanches) has also intensified, especially in the high-elevation mountainous regions. Thus, an accurate estimation of the intensity and variation of each component of the water cycle is an urgent scientific question for the assessment of plateau environmental changes. Following the transformation and movement of water between the atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere, the authors highlight the urgent need to strengthen the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system (including the eddy covariance system; planetary boundary layer tower; profile measurements of temperature, humidity, and wind by microwave radiometers, wind profiler, and radiosonde system; and cloud and precipitation radars) in the TP region and propose a practical implementation plan. The construction of such a three-dimensional observation system is expected to promote the study of environmental changes and natural hazards prevention.摘要青藏高原的水循环变化对于高原及其下游区域人类的生产生活具有举足轻重的影响. 在高原暖湿化的背景下, 其水文循环加快, 极端天气和自然灾害事件概率增大, 比如, 雪灾, 洪水, 滑坡, 泥石流, 冰崩在山区频发. 因此, 如何准确的估算青藏高原水循环各分量的大小及变化幅度是评估高原环境变化影响亟需解决的科学问题. 根据水在各圈层间转换过程, 我们提出了建立第三极地区 (尤其是复杂山区) 的三维立体多圈层地气相互作用综合观测系统(包括涡动相关系统, 行星边界层塔, 微波辐射计, 风廓线仪和无线电探空系统观测的风温湿廓线及云雨雷达等)的紧迫性和具体方案, 进而为研究青藏高原环境变化和山区灾害预测服务. 相似文献
68.
综合压裂技术在低压致密气藏储层中的研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大牛地气田储层属于低压致密气层,非均质性强、孔喉直径小、毛管压力高、多层叠置且层间跨度不等导致储层保护和加砂压裂难度大。通过研究提出了采用液氮增能低伤害压裂液体系,降低对储层的伤害,有效地保护了储层;采用大型加砂压裂技术,增加了裂缝长度,扩大了泄气面积,提高了单层产量,气产量由200 m3/d提高到7.23×104 m3/d;采用不动管柱连续分层压裂工艺技术实现了多层叠置气层均衡改造,压裂投产作业时间缩短了近67%,费用降低了20.69%。 相似文献
69.
G. Tetzlaff R. Dlugi K. Friedrich G. Gross D. Hinneburg U. Pahl M. Zelger N. Mölders 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):123-155
An explicit multi-layer subgrid-scheme was developed for ameso-/-scale model to consider subgrid-scale surface heterogeneity, dry deposition, biogenic and anthropogenic emission of trace gases. Since dry deposition measurements of highly reactive trace species are scarce we try to evaluate this scheme by heuristic principles. The results of simulations conducted for a 5×5 km2 resolution with and without thisscheme are evaluated by using results of a model run with 1×1 km2resolution, which is taken as a `grand thruth' and which has the same resolution as the subgrid. The explict multi-layer subgrid scheme provides a similar distribution of dry deposition fluxes as the much more computationally expensive simulation with the 1×1 km2 resolution.Dry deposition fluxes determined from observations give evidence that the explicit multi-layer subgrid scheme which does not require a constant flux approximation for a layer of several decameters leads to an improvement in determining the exchange between the atmosphere and the ground.Results of simulations with a microscale model show that the inhomogeneity at forest edges leads to an increase of the turbulent transports of up to a factor 4 compared to horizontally homogeneous terrain, which is assumed to be the conditions of the subgrid cells (and which is usually the assumption for the entire grid cell in mesoscale models). Inhomogeneity inside an extended stand of trees causes an overall increase of 5–10% withhigh local extremes, i.e. such an inhomogeneity results to an underestimation of dry deposition in meso-/-scale models. The effects are most pronounced for a wind direction perpendicular to the forest edge. 相似文献
70.
提出了一种面向主题的基于多层次空间概念的关联规则挖掘算法FT_MLSAM.在FT_MLSAM算法中,先根据用户感兴趣的主题确定挖掘的概念关系,然后对所涉及的多个空间数据层进行连接,生成空间视图,最后进行属性泛化,转化成一般属性关联规则的挖掘,实验证明算法是有效的. 相似文献