中国水资源可持续开发利用     

白军红  张玉霞  余国营 《国土资源》2001,(6)

中国水资源概况正如德国科学家杜拔亚·雷蒙·艾米尔所说：“生命乃是朝气蓬勃的水”。水是生命之源，是生物产生、生存和发展的必要条件，是人类生活、生产．建设、水产、水运的命脉所在，同时也是风景旅游的宝贵自然资源。广义的水资源除包括可供人类直接利用的水量资源（狭义水资源）外，还包括可提供动力和电力的水能资源以及可供航运旅游和养殖之用的水域（如河流、湖泊、水库的水源和水体）资源。中国是水资源大国，多年平均水资源总量为２．８１万亿立方米；水资源总量居世界第六位，但人均占有量只有２，５００立方米，约为世界人均…  相似文献   

东北多年冻土区埋地输油管道周围温度场特征非线性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何树生  喻文兵  陈文国  余志峰  金会军 《冰川冻土》2008,30(2):287-295

为解决冻土区输油管道周围土壤的温度计算问题,根据考虑相变瞬态温度场的控制微分方程,应用Galerkin法推导出了二维温度场的有限元计算公式.以东北多年冻土区中俄原油管道工程为背景,根据该工程区的冻土条件和气候条件,应用该方法对温热型输油管道土壤温度场进行了计算预报与对比分析.结果表明:对于输送油温为15 ℃、直径为0.914 m以及管顶埋深为2.0 m的管道,在没有铺设保温材料情况下,管顶之上的土壤在管道运行的第1年就达到热平衡状态,同时土壤融化速率在第1年达到最大,随后4a时间里迅速减小,第5年后融化速率变化趋于稳定;管道运行一段时间后,管道周围的融化圈随冷暖季节的变化呈交替式的扩展;在管道运行30 a后,融深＞10 m,即管底下的融化层厚＞7 m,而在铺设5～8 cm的聚氨酯保温材料后,融深控制在3.08～3.88 m,即管底下融化层厚为0.2～1.0 m.因此,合理使用保温方法能有效防止冻土区管道冻害的发生,同时达到保护冻土环境的目的.  相似文献   

“一带一路”沿线区域耕地格局变化（英文）     

陈迪  余强毅  胡琼  项铭涛  周清波  吴文斌 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia,Africa and Europe.In this study,we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries(64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration.We apply FAO statistics and Globe Land30(the world's finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution),and develop three indicator groups(namely quantity,conversion,and utilization degree) for the analysis.The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10~4 km~2 between 2000 and 2010.The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia,while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China.Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Hungary(0.66×10~4 km~2) and India(0.57×10~4 km`2).China decreased 1.95×10~4 km~2 cultivated land area,followed by Bangladesh(–0.22×10~4 km~2) and Thailand(–0.22×10~4 km~2).Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest,grassland,artificial surfaces and bare land,and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics:while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces,considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia.The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe,while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries.Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic-focused studies,as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses.Nevertheless,the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China' "Go Out policy" would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.  相似文献   

黄淮海平原耕地集约利用时空差异及其影响因素研究（英文）     

石淑芹  韩玉  余文涛  曹玉青  蔡为民  杨鹏  吴文斌  余强毅 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(11)

This study developed a comprehensive system to evaluate the intensity of cropland use and evolution of cropland use in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Delphi-entropy methods were adopted to determine the weight of the index,and the Geo Detector model was established to explore the influencing factors.The results are summarized as follows:(1) The intensity of inputs,degree of utilization,and production increased continuously,but the intensity of continuous conditions experienced an overall decline followed by a rebound towards the end of the study period.The number of counties with high and moderately high intensity increased by 56.8% and 14.6%,respectively,from 1996 to 2011.The number of counties with moderately low and low intensity declined by 35.9 % and 11.9 %,respectively.Areas with significant increases in intensity were mainly distributed in northeast Hebei Province,northwest Shandong Province,and north Jiangsu Province.The intensity is high in northern Jiangsu and Anhui;the output effect remained above moderate intensity mainly near Beijing,Tianjin,Tangshan,and counties in the suburbs of Shijiazhuang.(2) Natural disasters,elevation,slope,and road networks were the main factors influencing the intensity of cropland use in this region,with influence values of 0.158,0.143,0.129,and 0.054,respectively.Areas with moderately high and high levels of intensity were distributed in low-lying areas.Uneven distribution of precipitation,seasonal drought,and flood disasters can directly affect the stability index of croplands and reduce the intensity of cropland use.Developed road networks are associated with moderately high intensity.Our results suggest recommendations such as promoting agricultural intensification and large-scale management,promoting the construction of road networks,improving early warning systems for drought and flood disasters,and promoting moderate and intensive use of arable land,and focusing on restoration and sustainable use of cropland.  相似文献   

知识引导的稀疏时间序列遥感数据拟合     

范菁  余维泽  吴炜  沈瑛 《遥感学报》2017,21(5):749-756

在多云多雨的地区,光学遥感存在着获取无云数据困难的难题,这会导致时间序列应用中可用数据匮乏。因此,本文面向稀疏时间序列遥感数据,根据噪声造成遥感影像上归一化差分植被指数(NDVI)被低估的事实,提出了一种知识引导的拟合方法。首先,在遥感影像预处理的基础上,利用先验知识和时序差分法对噪声进行识别和剔除;然后,采用高斯二阶模型对原始数据进行拟合;最后,根据拟合残差更新权重,进行迭代拟合,重复上述过程直至获得稳定的结果。本文以Landsat 8 OLI作为数据源,对浙江省杭州地区的森林数据进行拟合,结果表明:在稀疏时间序列数据的情况下,本文方法与MODIS数据拟合结果的相关系数达到0.92,关键时点(如NDVI峰值点等)的时间误差在5 d;相比当前主流方法的0.88与8 d具有更高的精度。  相似文献   

基于SVG的地质灾害在线应急态势符号设计与实现     

朱文娟  路文娟  余新平  武鹏达 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(12):73-76

针对地质灾害的应急响应及处理技术系统成为近几年地质灾害领域研究的热点和重点,然而在已有的研究中,应急决策系统多为桌面应用程序,难以满足应急部署的实时性和灵活性,同时现有的地质灾害应急技术中对地质灾害应急态势标绘技术的研究较少,而应急部署又十分需要态势符号的支撑。为此,本文在分析多种在线符号绘制语言特点的基础上,提出了一种基于SVG的地质灾害在线应急态势标绘方法,对地质灾害应急需要使用的态势标绘符号进行了算法设计与系统实现。现场应用案例表明:该方法可以实现地质灾害应急态势符号的在线交互式标绘,为决策者快速、实时部署应急方案提供有效支撑。  相似文献   

观测卫星不足时的GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波     

田源  隋立芬  刘长建  王凌轩  陈泉余  田翌君 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,34(2)

常规GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波只适用于卫星数≥4的情况,且预测残差构造自适应因子要求观测值可靠。针对该局限性,对常规抗差自适应滤波算法做出两点改进:1)采用两步滤波,用第1步常规EKF滤波残差构造第二步抗差算法的粗差判别量;2)在第2步滤波用预测残差构造自适应因子时,剔除异常观测值对应的预测残差和预测残差协方差,以削弱观测异常对自适应因子的不良影响。实验结果表明,常规抗差算法在卫星数4时不适用。常规自适应滤波算法在观测值存在异常的情况下无法正确修正模型异常。改进后的抗差自适应滤波算法在组合系统观测卫星数4且观测值存在异常的情况下,仍能正确修正观测粗差和动力学模型异常,能够达到良好的导航精度。  相似文献   

三明市雷电气候特征与雷电灾害易损度区划研究     

李衣长  吴林峰  余春华  林文华  王婷婷 《南京气象学院学报》2017,9(2):220-226

通过对三明市市区及10个县（市）气象观测站1981-2013年雷电观测资料的统计分析,得出了三明市雷电气候特征与变化规律.采用2003-2012年雷电灾害数据,从雷电致灾因子、承灾体因素考虑,选取雷击密度N_g、雷电灾害频度P、经济损失模数D和生命受损模数L作为分析雷电灾害易损度指标参数,通过广泛调研和抽样调查问卷,确定各要素所占权重,计算出三明市区及所属10个县（市）雷电灾害易损性风险值,确定了雷电灾害易损度区划分级指标,绘制雷电灾害易损度区划图,完成了雷电灾害易损度区划研究.  相似文献   

江西省地质灾害-气象预警预报系统研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

周玉才  雷万荣  余广文  唐春梅  程志华 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(2):67-71

论文采用了降雨特征（用降雨诱发指数表征）与地质环境条件（以地质灾害敏感性指数表征）进行叠加、分析,确定预警预报等级,建立地质灾害-预警预报模型的方法;提出了预警产品制作与发布、多普勒雷达跟踪、应急指导、反馈信息收集、灾情调查的地质灾害气象预警预报工作程序。对近几年江西省地质灾害-预警预报效果分析,总结了地质灾害-预警预报成功与失败的经验教训,提出今后的工作设想与建议。应用基于GIS的地质灾害预警预报系统已在近几年的地质灾害-气象预警预报中不断完善,预警预报精度得到提高,防灾减灾效果明显,对保护人民生命财产安全发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

湘西北渔塘地区寒武系清虚洞组风暴岩及其地质意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

匡文龙  杨绍祥  刘新华  陈新跃  余沛然  劳可通 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(2):225-232

在湘西北渔塘地区,下寒武统的清虚洞组下部发育一套地质特征典型、沉积序列特殊的风暴岩。其底面侵蚀构造清楚,覆盖于底面上的各层段厚度变化较大,在各层段内由下向上碎屑粒度依次变细,并相继出现叠加式丘状交错层理、平行层理和浪成沙纹层理等沉积构造,是典型的浅海风暴岩。该风暴沉积的发现,对建立湘西北地层的沉积学剖面、探讨该区风暴沉积模式的空间变化、明确成矿环境和成矿地质特征等具有重要意义。  相似文献