皖北栏杆地区新元古代岩浆活动:含金刚石母岩U-Pb年代学及地球化学制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

蔡逸涛  张洁  董钟斗  曹正琦  肖书阅  李帅  李成凯  陈乐柱  范飞鹏 《中国地质》2018,45(2):351-366

中国东部皖北地区分布着大量镁铁质岩,岩石类型为辉绿岩、辉绿辉长岩、辉绿玢岩等。本文对皖北栏杆地区侵位于元古宙地层中的辉绿岩进行系统的U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。结果显示,该区绝大多数辉绿岩的侵位结晶年龄为870~890 Ma,形成于新元古代早期。辉绿岩化学成分以高Si O2、Ca O和(K2ONa2O)为特征,属于板内碱性玄武岩系列岩石。总体上略富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、La,略亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Th、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等,相对富集Cr和Ni。本次研究暗示皖北栏杆地区存在新元古代早期的构造-岩浆活动事件,并为金刚石带出地表创造了条件。结合新元古代全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件及其岩浆活动与地幔柱的密切关系,皖北地区新元古代辉绿岩墙群应该是一次地幔柱作用在华北陆块边缘的记录。  相似文献   

CaF2/hBN自润滑Fe基孕镶金刚石钻头性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

李成龙  赵江  段隆臣 《探矿工程》2018,45(11):78-82

针对地矿、油气行业面临的钻探新挑战,将材料科学领域的自润滑技术引入热压烧结孕镶金刚石钻头领域,以期实现钻头在高温井底工作环境中的自润滑功能,从而降低摩擦放热,防止金刚石热损伤,提高钻头使用寿命。本文作为自润滑孕镶金刚石钻头设计的初步尝试,通过对固体润滑添加剂的优选与试验,首先确定了氟化钙（CaF2）、六方氮化硼（hBN）两种固体润滑添加剂,以Fe基胎体为基体,通过热压烧结制备了具有不同浓度的固体润滑添加剂的自润滑孕镶金刚石钻头胎体试样,利用一系列仪器测定了其物理力学性能和摩擦学特性;制备了微型自润滑孕镶金刚石钻头,在微钻实验台上进行了钻进试验。试验结果表明：随着固体润滑剂含量的增加,两组自润滑钻头胎体试样的物理力学性能均有所降低,但幅度不同,CaF2组明显小于hBN组;两组胎体试样摩擦系数均显著降低;CaF2组胎体试样的磨损率先增后减,hBN组试样磨损率大幅增加;钻头进尺CaF2组有所提高,hBN组逐渐减小。  相似文献   

Formation of mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite     

A.L. Ragozin  D.A. Zedgenizov  V.S. Shatsky  K.E. Kuper 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(5):486-498

Mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite (Daldyn field, Yakutian diamondiferous province) are morphologicaly and structurally similar to dark gray mosaic diamonds of varieties V and VII found frequently in placers of the northeastern Siberian craton. However, although being similar in microstructure, the two groups of diamonds differ in formation mechanism: splitting of crystals in the case of placer diamonds (V and VII) and growth by geometric selection in the Zarnitsa kimberlite diamonds. Selective growth on originally polycrystalline substrates in the latter has produced radial micro structures with grains coarsening rimward from distinctly polycrystalline cores. Besides the formation mechanisms, diamonds of the two groups differ in origin of mineral inclusions, distribution of defects and nitrogen impurity, and carbon isotope composition. Unlike the placer diamonds of varieties V and VII, the analyzed crystals from the Zarnitsa kimberlite enclose peridotitic minerals (olivines and subcalcic Cr-bearing pyropes) and have total nitrogen contents common to natural kimberlitic diamonds (0 to 1761 ppm) and typical mantle carbon isotope compositions (-1.9 to -6.2%c 5¹³C; -4.2%c on average). The distribution of defect centers in the Zarnitsa diamond samples fits the annealing model implying that nitrogen aggregation decreases from core to rim.  相似文献   

球磨时间对铁基胎体显微结构和性能的影响     

沈立娜  李树辉  阮海龙  欧阳志勇 《探矿工程》2012,39(5):78-80

采用球磨法对铁基胎体粉末进行预处理,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及洛氏硬度计、万能试验机等分析测试手段,系统研究了球磨时间对铁基胎体粉末显微结构以及烧结性能的影响。结果表明：随着球磨时间的增加,晶粒尺寸不断细化和均匀化。对于本文中所采用的铁基胎体粉末配方,存在一个最合理的球磨时间,此时,晶粒细化和团聚达到动态平衡,胎体材料的烧结性能达到最高。球磨时间继续延长,晶粒容易发生团聚,烧结性能有所降低。  相似文献   

高胎体金刚石钻头设计制造中的几个关键技术          下载免费PDF全文

肖丽辉  李国民  刘宝林 《探矿工程》2012,39(6):77-79

为满足深部钻探需求,市场上出现了多种高胎体金刚石钻头。在野外钻进中,与普通金刚石钻头相比,高胎体金刚石钻头的使用寿命虽有提高,但并没有取得预期的理想效果。通过分析国内外几种高胎体金刚石钻头的优缺点,找出了影响高胎体钻头寿命的关键技术,并对这几点关键技术作了进一步的分析与研究。  相似文献   

甘肃西和大桥金矿区复杂地层钻探技术          下载免费PDF全文

宋端正 《探矿工程》2012,39(3):34-36

针对甘肃西和大桥金矿区地层破碎、裂隙发育,漏失、坍塌、卡钻、埋钻等难点,采用金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺和聚丙烯酰胺不分散无固相冲洗液护孔技术,并采用多种堵漏措施,取得了较好的技术效果。总结了该矿区复杂地层钻探施工的经验,并提出今后在复杂地层中钻探施工减少停待及事故时问、提高钻探效率等的建议。  相似文献   

中国3个商业性钻石产地天然钻石的Diamond View^TM图像及其意义     

孙媛  陈华  丘志力  陆太进  梁伟章  张健  李榴芬  王琦  莫默 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(2):261-270

对采自我国3个商业性产地山东蒙阴、辽宁瓦房店、湖南常德地区的236片/颗天然钻石样品进行了系统的DiamondViewTM(DV)荧光图像分析,结合CL照相和FTIR的定量计算,探讨了钻石样品DV图像发光结构模式和荧光颜色方面的差异性及其原因。结果表明,3个产地钻石的DV图像和CL图像显示的钻石生长结构基本一致;钻石的发光结构模式与钻石内部氮、氢元素的种类和浓度分布趋势没有明显的一致性,DV图像模式并不完全受钻石类型控制,但DV图像的色调与钻石存在的杂质元素及晶体缺陷有关。钻石的DV图像特征受钻石的生长环境、结晶条件、后期熔蚀、辐照损伤等因素综合制约。从统计学的角度看,3个产地钻石的DV发光模式和荧光颜色有一定的差异,这种差异可以作为区分不同产地来源的钻石的宏观的统计学特征。DiamondViewTM技术在揭示天然钻石生长结构方面和CL发光照相技术效果近似,但更加便利。  相似文献   

The secondary origin of diamonds: multi-modal radiation tomography of diamondiferous mantle eclogites     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1172-1180

Three-dimensional neutron and X-ray tomography reveals the textural and spatial relationship of diamonds and associated minerals in situ, in a unique suite of 17 diamondiferous eclogites. We emphasize the reporting of X-ray imaging on mantle xenoliths, which in combination with neutron imaging enables the clear identification of diamonds and interstitial metasomatic secondary minerals. In particular, neutrons are highly sensitive to hydrogen (H), allowing for the identification of OH- and H₂O-bearing metasomatic minerals. The identification of metasomatic minerals allows for the delineation of distinct metasomatic pathways through the eclogite xenoliths. Diamonds are readily identified as the darkest greyscales due to their low attenuation, and are typically surrounded by secondary minerals, never in contact with primary minerals, and always confined within metasomatic pathways. The ubiquitous occurrence of diamonds in association with pathways suggests a potential genetic link. Both octahedral and dodecahedral diamonds are observed within individual xenoliths, suggesting multiple heterogeneous growth and dissolution processes at small scales. The distinct age dichotomy between eclogite xenoliths and metasomatic mineral assemblages implies that the observed textural relationship of diamonds and late-stage metasomatic pathways for this suite of 17 eclogites casts doubt on the theory that eclogitic diamonds formed billions of years ago. Diamonds are interpreted to have formed from multiple growth episodes, with the last of these episodes represented by the metasomatic assemblages observed in this study. This further indicates that eclogitic diamond inclusions may span large time scales from ancient ages (>2 Ga) all the way to the last growth event, perhaps even close to the time of kimberlite emplacement (~360 Ma), which has significant implications for age-dating of diamonds and the study of diamonds as a whole.  相似文献   

深孔小口径金刚石钻进严重烧钻事故的预防与处理          下载免费PDF全文

罗永贵  古世丹  罗璇  王东寅 《探矿工程》2016,43(3):37-40

深孔小口径金刚石钻进施工中,由于所配置的钻机钻进能力强,在深孔的中深及以浅孔段钻进时转速高、钻效高,常因钻头工作环境或某一钻进参数的改变,而发生金刚石钻头（岩心管）与岩石烧结为一体的严重烧钻事故。通过严重烧钻事故案例,分析出中深孔段金刚石钻进易发生严重烧钻事故的几种工作状况,并对预防严重烧钻事故及处理严重烧钻事故的关键问题进行探讨。  相似文献   

涡轮钻具的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

赵柳东  李立鑫  王瑜  薛启龙  刘宝林 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):269-274

涡轮钻具由于其耐高温、高转速的特点,使其在高温和硬岩地层的钻进过程中发挥着重要的作用,并成为干热岩钻井和高温油气井钻井等领域的研究热点之一。本文从涡轮钻具的发展历程出发,对涡轮钻具的特点进行了系统地总结,从涡轮钻具的结构优化、涡轮叶片的设计与加工、轴承节的性能提升、减速涡轮钻具的研发、钻进新工艺的探索等5个方面对国内外涡轮钻具的研究进展进行了综述,发现总结了涡轮钻具研究过程中存在的一些问题,并结合我国在相关领域的实际需求,对未来我国涡轮钻具的重点研究方向提出了建议。  相似文献