The Moon 35 years after Apollo: What's left to learn?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Clive R. Neal 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2009,69(1):3-48

With the cancellation of the Apollo program after Apollo 17 returned from the Moon in 1972, the focus of NASA switched to other areas of the Solar System. Study of the Moon did continue through analysis of the returned samples and remotely sensed data sets (both orbital and surface), as well as through Earth-based telescopic studies. In the 1990s, new orbital data were obtained from several missions (fly-by and orbital), the first being Galileo that allowed the lunar farside to be mapped, followed by global mapping by the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions.Interest in the Moon started to increase at the beginning of the 21st century as other nations focused their space exploration programs on the Moon. The speech by President Bush in January 2004 put the Moon back into the critical exploration path for NASA, paving the way for humans to return to the lunar surface by 2020. This return will be critical for developing technologies and protocols for the eventual human exploration of other parts of the solar system. At the time of writing (June 2008), the SELENE/Kaguya mission (Japan and Chang’e-1 (China) are orbiting the Moon, with Chandrayaan-1 (India) and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA) being scheduled to launch later in 2008.The past (and present) exploration of the Moon begs the question “what's left to be done?” With the renewed focus on the Moon, now that it is on the pathway for the exploration of Mars (and beyond) a similar question has been raised - what should the astronauts do on the Moon? The publication of the New Views of the Moon book [Jolliff et al., 2006. New Views of the Moon, Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 60. American Mineralogical Society, 721pp] highlighted a number of important scientific questions that remain unanswered as well as posing many more on the basis of the currently available data. These questions resonated in three Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (LEAG) reports pertinent to this discussion, which were also published (on line) during 2006 (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/leag), and in the National Research Council of the National Academies [2007. The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 112pp] report entitled “The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon”. This paper synthesizes these recent studies, along with those from the 1980s and 1990s, to emphasize the lunar science questions that remain unanswered. In addition, it summarizes the missions already flown to the Moon along with those that are planned in order to give the reader an idea of exactly what lunar science has been and will be conducted in the hope that it will inspire proposals for missions to address the outstanding science questions.  相似文献   

航空瞬变电磁法对地下典型目标体的探测能力研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

殷长春  任秀艳  刘云鹤  蔡晶 《地球物理学报》2015,58(9):3370-3379

航空电磁法的探测能力受飞行高度、发射波形、发射磁矩和发射基频等因素的影响,致使不同分量间的勘探能力存在差异.航空电磁如对所有磁场和磁感应分量、on-和off-time数据进行观测和解释,不仅数据量大、耗时长,而且出现大量冗余数据.目前国内针对此问题尚无系统解决方法.本文针对吊舱式直升机航空电磁系统,采用积分方程法求解频率域响应,经汉克尔变换转换到时间域,计算了地下三维目标体的B和dB/dt时间域响应.利用异常体响应与背景场响应作比值,并通过设定响应阀值定义最大勘探深度,进而分析不同发射波形、不同分量以及on-和off-time期间的航空电磁系统的探测能力.基于本文分析手段,可根据实际勘探目标,确定一套探测能力较强的航空电磁最佳参数组合,为野外测量和数据处理提供技术指导,高效完成勘探任务.  相似文献   

发窝构造油气潜力评价     

梁秋原 《云南地质》2000,19(4):433-442

云龙凹陷地处楚雄盆地东部浅坳陷区,面积１４６４ｋｍ＾２,由于具有良好的石油地质条件而被各方所瞩目。发窝构造位于云龙凹陷中部断弯构造带,南高点为断背斜,北高点为断鼻,云参１井位于云龙凹陷发窝构造南高点,从区域石油地质条件入手,结合地震勘探成果,含油气性剖面研究、区带评价及圈闭评价资料,论述了发窝构造的油气潜力,对云参１井钻探的可行性进行分析研究,肯定了钻探的可行性及必要性,也对钻探的风险进行分析。  相似文献   

地勘单位应贯彻实施GB／T19000—ISO9000系列标准   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李智明 《地质与勘探》2000,36(4):8-10

在分析地勘单位目前质量管理存在问题的基础上,论述了开展贯彻实施ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００－ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准（简称贯标,下同）,建立健全质量体系,以现代企业制度管理地勘单位的现实意义。根据地勘工作及其成果的特点,将地勘工作划分为地质调查研究和勘查技术方法两大类,并建立了相应的质量管理模式,提出了贯标工作的几项重要保障措施。  相似文献   

加快黄金发展步伐的几点思考     

王天民 《华北地质矿产杂志》1999,(2)

本文详细分析了黄金矿产地质勘查、矿山建设及金矿生产等阶段工作的特点及其相互关系,探索性地提出提前建矿,缩短探矿和建设周期的办矿方式,并就如何加快黄金发展步伐问题提出了几点思考。  相似文献   

Exploitation or 'Wise Use' of the Coongie Lakes,South Australia: Issues arising from a petroleum exploration proposal     

Thomas Jenkin 《The Australian geographer》1999,30(3):355-371

The exploitation of natural resources within areas that are valued for their environmental qualities raises competing emotions. This paper considers a proposal to undertake petroleum exploration in an area of recognised environmental value, namely, the Coongie Lakes of far north-east South Australia. In development cases such as this, the level of inquiry needs to address environmental, social, cultural and economic issues from a range of interest groups; therefore, the process of assessment is a crucial factor in minimising conflict and meeting the wishes of the stakeholders. In the example of Coongie Lakes, the chosen method failed. This paper discusses the perspectives of the major stakeholders, the process of assessment undertaken, and the criticisms directed at this process. The apparent inadequacies of the assessment process undertaken are then highlighted, and an alternative assessment procedure suggested.  相似文献   

氡气测量方法在礼贤断裂勘查中的应用     

杨凤山  徐燕 《城市地质》2015,(Z2):127-130

利用氡气测量方法对礼贤断裂的位置进行勘查,通过对测量数据的分析,圈定氡气浓度的异常区,从而作为判定礼贤断裂位置的重要依据。  相似文献   

Why Web GIS May Not Be Enough: A Case Study with the Virtual Research Vessel     

Dawn J. Wright  Elizabeth O'Dea  Judith B. Cushing  Janice E. Cuny  Douglas R. Toomey 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):73-86

During several decades of investigation, the East Pacific Rise seafloor-spreading center at 9°-10°N has been explored by marine geologists, geophysicists, chemists, and biologists, and has emerged as one of the best studied sections of the global midocean ridge. It is an example of a region for which there is now a great wealth of observational data, results, and data-driven theoretical studies. However, these have yet to be fully utilized, either by research scientists or educators. While the situation is improving, a large amount of data, results, and related theoretical models still exist either in an inert, noninteractive form (e.g., journal publications) or as unlinked and currently incompatible computer data or algorithms. Presented here is the prototype of a computational environment and toolset, called the Virtual Research Vessel, to improve the situation by providing marine scientists and educators with simultaneous access to data, maps, and numerical models. While infrastructure is desired and needed for ready access to data and the resulting maps via web GIS in order to link disparate data sets (data to data), it is argued that data must also be linked to models for better exploration of new relations between observables, refinement of numerical simulations, and the quantitative evaluation of scientific hypotheses. For widespread data access, web GIS is therefore only a preliminary step rather than a final solution, and the ongoing implementation of the Virtual Research Vessel (scheduled for final completion in 2004-2005) is a case study for the midocean ridge community to test the effectiveness of moving beyond the data-to-data mode towards data-to-models and data-to-interpretation.  相似文献   

地下工程有害气体静压勘探方法简介     

楼明浩  刘锦文  茅奇辉 《中国勘察设计》2010,(3):40-42

通过"杭州地铁一号线"地下有害气体勘探反复实践,本文从勘探工艺原理、流程及操作要点、材料与设备、质量安全控制等方面总结出一套可以定量获取有害气体埋藏深度、压力大小等相关信息的设备装置和技术方法。本方法具有设备简单轻便、操作方便快速、成本低廉等特点,适用于沿海地区、古河口处大中型地下工程(如深基坑、地下隧道等)有害气体专项勘察。  相似文献   

Evidence for Amazonian acidic liquid water on Mars—A reinterpretation of MER mission results     

Alberto G. Fairén  Dirk Schulze-Makuch  Wolfgang Fink  Esther R. Uceda  Ricardo Amils 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(3):276-318

The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions have confirmed aqueous activity on Mars. Here we review the analyses of the field-based MER data, and conclude that some weathering processes in Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater are better explained by late diagenetic water-rock interactions than by early diagenesis only. At Meridiani, the discovery of jarosite by MER-1 Opportunity indicates acidic aqueous activity, evaporation, and desiccation of rock materials. MER-based information, placed into the context of published data, point to local and limited aqueous activity during geologically recent times in Meridiani. Pre-Amazonian environmental changes (including important variations in the near-surface groundwater reservoirs, impact cratering, and global dust storms and other pervasive wind-related erosion) are too extreme for pulverulent jarosite to survive over extended time periods, and therefore we argue instead that jarosite deposits must have formed in a climatically more stable period. Any deposits of pre-existent concretionary jarosite surviving up to the Amazonian would not have reached completion in the highly saline and acidic brines occurring at Meridiani. MER-2 Spirit has also revealed evidence for local and limited Amazonian aqueous environmental conditions in Gusev crater, including chemical weathering leading to goethite and hematite precipitation, rock layering, and chemical enhancement of Cl, S, Br, and oxidized iron in rocks and soils. The estimated relative age of the impact crater materials in Gusev indicates that these processes have taken place during the last 2 billion years. We conclude that minor amounts of shallow acidic liquid water have been present on the surface of Mars at local scales during the Amazonian Period.  相似文献