黑河下游额济纳绿洲环境退化及综合治理＊   总被引：64，自引：13，他引：51  

龚家栋  董光荣 《中国沙漠》1998,18(1):44-50

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是内蒙西部阿拉善高原的主要天然绿洲。近半个世纪特别是近１０年来,由于不合理人类活动和自然因素的双重作用,黑河下泄水量不断减少,生态环境恶化,严重影响到本地区乃至周围广大地区的持续发展。通过分析生态环境恶化的现状和原因,提出了生态环境的治理必须以水为中心,加快中游地区节水农业的发展步伐,保证下游一定量的供水,并严格控制不合理的人为活动,力争在１０～１５年内实现生态环境的良性循环。  相似文献   

中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标体系研究^*   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

卢金发 《地理研究》1998,17(4):346-351

中国东部亚热带地区流水侵蚀所引起土地退化的形成,是由其生态环境自身的脆弱性决定的。土地退化不仅表现为土壤退化,还表现为植被退化和土地状况恶化,其发展过程是植被退化-土壤退化-地表状况恶化过程多重循环的结果。据此,提出了中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标。  相似文献   

RIVER MORPHOLOGY AND CHANNEL STABILIZATION OF THE BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER IN BANGLADESH     

ZHOU Wenhao  CHEN Jianguo 《国际泥沙研究》1998,(4)

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Siltation analysis in the Neyyar reservoir and forest degradation in its catchment: a study from Kerala state, India     

D. S. Suresh Babu  V. Nandakumar  B. John  B. K. Jayaprasad  S. V. Pramod 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):390-397

 Impact of catchment erosion and the resultant reservoir siltation from a tropical environment is reported here to discuss the effect of a reservoir in the natural degradation of an evergreen-forested segment. While an area of 8.01 km² has been affected by direct inundation at the full reservoir level, another 2.6 km² area once under thick forest cover, had also lost its identity over the last 38 years by indirect degradation. This zone mainly falls in the confluence of tributaries, namely Neyyar and Mullayar, with the reservoir. The capacity of the reservoir was found to be reduced by 28.8 Mm³ during this period and the annual average loss is calculated as 0.75 Mm³ (0.71%), indicating the intensity of erosion from the catchment zone. In case the proposed upper dam in the reservoir comes into existence, an additional area of 2.4 km² from the virgin forest would be submerged and more area would face degradation around the inundated zone. Received: 29 July 1998 · Accepted: 16 November 1998  相似文献   

Habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants in a trans-Himalayan dry valley, Central Nepal     

Bharat Babu SHRESTHA  Pramod Kumar JHA 《山地科学学报》2009,6(1):66-77

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be a new threat in future to its habitat. The information about habitat conditions, together with the information from other areas, ean be useful to identify potential habitats and plan for cultivation or domestication of the two medieinal plants.  相似文献   

粤东南澳岛青澳海滩侵蚀退化风险评价及其安全调控     

李平  杜军  张志卫  徐国强 《海洋科学进展》2020,38(1):171-181

分析了南澳岛海滩资源储量、空间分布及其开发利用现状,开展海岛海滩侵蚀风险评价,选择青澳海滩开展岸滩及其海湾海床地形、沉积物、动力泥沙调查,分析探讨了青澳海滩泥沙动力沉积特征,灾变退化过程机制,并从海滩稳定性和游客安全角度给出安全调控建议。结果表明:1)南澳岛海滩资源储量与侵蚀风险区域分异特征明显,其中青澳海滩旅游活动频繁、开发强度大,侵蚀退化风险等级高,人为破坏干扰抑制滩海泥沙交换,无序无度占滩开发与利用破坏了海滩自然演化进程,短期过量旅游活动加速海滩侵蚀退化进程;2)青澳湾沉积物以粗粒砂为主,沙源供给不足,不同岸段岸线进退与岸滩蚀淤与海滩方位、波浪动力强度强弱关系密切,具有明显的纵向沉积地貌分带特征。湾内落潮优势流(SE)优于涨潮(NW),对泥沙输运进入湾内具有抑制作用,潮周期海湾泥沙自湾内向湾外输运,泥沙以外输为主单宽输沙为3 400 t;3)青澳海滩存在严重的"无序占滩建筑,污水肆意排放,管理不规范"等问题,监测评价亦表明侵蚀退化风险巨大,游客安全面临着风险隐患,建议青澳海滩实行以生态化养护开发和"游客为中心"为理念的安全调控措施,设立红线及安全标示。该研究为岛礁生态建设、海岛保护及修复提供科学依据。  相似文献   

长江口外浮游植物死亡释放溶解有机质的降解及其溶氧消耗   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高小丰  吴莹  朱卓毅 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1010-1017

浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)是海洋中溶解有机质的重要来源,浮游植物死亡后释放的新鲜溶解有机质活性高、数量大、生物可利用性高,其降解过程中对溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)的消耗显著。但到目前为止,对此类溶解有机质的降解过程以及其耗氧情况还鲜有研究。本文基于2013年8月东海航次,对浮游植物(硅藻为主)死亡后释放的新鲜有机质进行人工受控培养,研究其降解过程及对DO的消耗,并评估该降解过程对低氧现象形成的贡献。研究发现:培养体系中溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和DO浓度皆随时间呈指数下降,总溶解态碳水化合物(total carbohydrate,TCHO)也出现明显降解;体系的初始DOC浓度越高,降解速率常数k(DOC)、k(DO)越大,k(DOC)受DOC浓度、活性以及DO浓度的影响;培养过程中细菌丰度明显增加,添加Hg Cl2的对比实验表明细菌在降解过程中起到重要作用。本文的研究结果表明,浮游植物死亡后释放的溶解有机质的快速降解及其对溶解氧的消耗,对长江口低氧环境的促成具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于生态系统的上海崇明东滩海岸带生态系统退化诊断   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁琳  张利权  翁骏超  葛振鸣 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):109-117

海岸带是资源与环境条件最为优越的区域,也是与人类发展关系最为密切的区域之一。本文选择上海崇明东滩海岸带生态系统为研究示范区,在对崇明东滩海岸带生态系统结构分析的基础上,基于"压力-状态-响应"模型构建海岸带生态系统退化诊断指标体系,定量评估了崇明东滩海岸带生态系统退化状况。结果表明,从2000年至2008年,崇明东滩海岸带生态系统整体上表现为健康,局部区域表现为轻微退化,轻微退化的面积分别为25.71km2(2000)、16.66km2(2003)、18.16km2(2005)和40.46km2(2008)。自然湿地生态系统是崇明东滩海岸带中一个重要的生态系统类型,2000年至2008年,崇明东滩自然湿地生态系统大部分面积保持在健康的状态,大规模的围垦工程和外来物种互花米草入侵是造成自然湿地生态系统退化的主要原因。2000年至2008年,崇明东滩农业生态系统整体上表现为健康状态,产业结构不合理和由于化肥、农药使用造成的环境恶化等问题,是造成崇明东滩海岸带农业生态系统局部区域发生退化的主要原因。人口增长和经济发展引起的现有资源的过度使用和环境恶化等问题,使得城镇生态系统健康面临巨大挑战,在2005年表现为轻微退化。本文的研究方法可为我国其它地区海岸带生态系统管理和建设提供理论依据和示范案例。  相似文献   

碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛复合光催化剂处理海洋柴油污染的研究     

吴云英  于晓彩  金晓杰  尹丹妮  尚晓琳  薛冠华 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(5):104-108

利用溶胶凝胶法自制了碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合光催化剂,采用投射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物象、形貌和热稳定性等进行表征。通过研究光照条件、催化剂的投加量、油的初始浓度、催化剂制备的煅烧条件等因素,考察了自制碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合催化剂对降解模拟海洋柴油污染的海水去除率的影响。研究发现,在可见光照条件下,400℃煅烧2 h的复合催化剂,投加量为0.4 g/L、柴油的初始浓度为0.6 g/L、反应的光照时间为4 h时效果最好,去除率可达到67.65%。  相似文献   

Land use change and its ecological effect in Qian'an County of Jilin Province     

ZHONG Linsheng  ZHANG Yongmin  ZHAO Shidong  Karl E. Ryavec 《地理学报》2003,13(4):423-428

Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures and calculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian'an County in both spatial and temporal aspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changes and their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Land use changed greatly in Qian'an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetland and water bodies, and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing and other construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by 102,137.23 ha over the half century. Accordingly, the main landscape type changed from a steppe landscape to a managed agricultural ecosystem. (2) Results of correlation analysis show that the land use change in the study area was mainly driven by the socioeconomic factors.　(3) The ecological effects of land use change in the area are characterized by serious salinization, degression of soil fertility and the weakening of landscape suitability.  相似文献