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71.
Strahil Gerassimov 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2008,33(5):395-402
The master plans for the management of river basins have been elaborated. The territory of Bulgaria is divided into four main hydrological zones - Danube, Black Sea, East and West Mediterranean hydrological zones. The rivers from Danube zone discharged directly to the Danube river, the North boundary of the country. All rivers from the eastern part of Bulgaria discharged directly to the Black Sea. The rivers from East and West Mediterranean hydrological zones discharged to Mediterranean Sea after flowing trough Greece and/or Turkey. The main river basins in Bulgaria were subjects to the evaluation of master plans.During the elaboration of the master plans the following elements have been investigated:
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- Demographical characteristics of the stakeholders in the river basin.
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- Economical overview of the stakeholders.
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- Estimation of surface water availabilities and resources; Water quantity.
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- Groundwater overview and estimation of available groundwater resources.
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- Water quality of surface and ground water; sediment load.
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- Estimation of water use for domestic, irrational, agricultural and industrial water supply.
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- Ecosystems in the river basin; Tundja river basin ecosystems.
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- Master Plans elaboration for 2010.
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- Water balance calculations for 1998 and 2010.
72.
Garnet, as a major constitutive mineral of eclogite, is important for Sm–Nd dating of eclogite due to its high Sm/Nd ratio and its stability during retrogression. However, a comprehensive study of the petrography, mineral chemistry, garnet water content, and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of eclogites from the Bixiling massif, Central Dabie Zone (CDZ), reveals significant modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet as a result of retrogression. This problem constitutes a challenge for Sm–Nd dating of the Bixiling eclogites, with the Sm–Nd isochron ages of 218 ± 4 to 210 ± 9 Ma reported in the literature being younger than 226 ± 3 Ma, which is the generally accepted peak metamorphic age of the CDZ. Petrographic analysis reveals heterogeneity in colour within single fractured garnet grains. There are light‐pink garnet (Grt‐P) and red garnet (Grt‐R) types that possess distinct chemical compositions. Compared to Grt‐P, Grt‐R has higher Fe and andradrite contents but lower Al and grossular contents. Grt‐P also has lower water contents (15–35 ppm) than Grt‐R (34–65 ppm), which, together with the spatial association between Grt‐R and fractures, suggests that the colour change is related to fluid alteration. Grt‐P is an ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) mineral, and Grt‐R is the product of the interaction between Grt‐P and a fluid during retrogression. Moreover, Grt‐R features lower Sm and Nd contents but higher Sm/Nd ratios than Grt‐P. The Sm–Nd isochrons defined by UHP minerals (Grt‐P+Omp+Rt or Grt‐P+Cpx+WR) from three eclogite samples yield consistent ages of 226.0 ± 3.8 Ma, 225.0 ± 3.9 Ma and 226.2 ± 6.9 Ma, which are identical to the peak metamorphic age of 226 ± 3 Ma for the CDZ. The retrogressed garnet (i.e., Grt‐R), omphacite and rutile, together define a pseudoisochron with younger ages of 218.9 ± 5.9 to 202.8 ± 4.8 Ma, which are geologically meaningless. The increase in the Sm/Nd ratio with constant or lower 143Nd/144Nd ratios during the transformation of Grt‐P to Grt‐R was probably the cause of these younger ages. 相似文献
73.
Atmospheric moisture transport plays an important role in latent heat release and hydrologic interactions in the Arctic. In recent years, with the rapid decline in sea ice, this transport has changed. Here, we calculated the vertically integrated atmospheric moisture meridional transport(AMTv) from two global reanalysis datasets, from1979–2015, and found moisture pathways into the central Arctic. Four stable pathways showed an occurrence frequency greater than 70%, and these pathways exhibited a perennial seasonal pattern in the atmosphere above the Laptev Sea Pathway(LSP), Canadian Arctic Archipelago Pathway(CAAP), both sides of the Greenland plateau. Another seasonal pathway appeared above the east of the Chukchi Sea(CSP) during the melting/freezing months(March to September). Through these pathways, AMTv contributed a total moisture exchange of60%–80%—averaged over a 75°N circle—and focused on the low troposphere. Transports across the LSP, CSP and CAAP pathways likely create an enclosed moisture route. Meridional moisture fluxes are intensified in the Pacific sector of Arctic(PSA), especially during melting/freezing months. AMTv interannual variabilities are illustrated mainly in the Laptev Sea and the east Greenland pathway. Results indicate that accompanying a tendency for a stronger Beaufort Sea High in this sea level pressure field, AMTv through PSA pathways, switched from output to input, and approximately 960 km~3 of equivalent liquid water was transferred into the central Arctic during each decade. The detrended AMTv increment is highly correlated with the rapid decline of old ice areas(correlation coefficient is –0.78) for their synchronous fluctuations in the 1980 s and the last decade. 相似文献
74.
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76.
中国西北东部汛期降水对青藏高原东部春季感热在准3a周期上的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1960—2010年中国西北东部地区39个气象站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均地表感热通量再分析资料以及大气环流各要素场资料,通过多锥度-奇异值分解(MTM-SVD)等方法,分析了中国西北东部汛期降水、青藏高原东部春季感热的周期振荡特征以及它们在准周期循环上的协同耦合关系。结果表明,感热与降水均存在显著的准3 a周期,其耦合场在准3 a周期上表现也最为明显。当青藏高原东部春季感热在青藏高原主体上偏强(弱)时,对应中国西北东部汛期降水的异常偏多(少)。该准3 a周期循环上的协同关系在1960—1982年表现最为显著,1983—1990年为调整阶段,90年代之后又逐渐明显。青藏高原东部春季感热对大气环流的持续加热过程影响西北东部汛期降水,且主要体现在8月。 相似文献
77.
姬金生 《地球科学与环境学报》1988,(3)
本文在对小秦岭金矿脉、围岩、石英中气液包裹体等采取27个氢氧同位素样品并进行测试分析的基础上,论述了该金矿的氢、氧同位素组成特征及其成因意义,认为该金矿的成矿溶液可能是以大气降水为主,同时有岩浆水和变质水参加的混合水。这为该金矿床应属与燕山期构造及岩活动有关的层控矿床这一成矿理论提供了同位素方面的依据。 相似文献
78.
应用合成分析、距平分析和位势平均等方法,基于美国NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料和辽宁地区逐日降水资料,对辽宁地区汛期暴雨的大气环流、风场、温度场和湿度场特征进行对比分析。结果表明：在厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜背景下,辽宁夏季多暴雨月与少暴雨月相比,对应的500 hPa高度距平场、500 hPa风矢量与温度距平叠合场以及850 hPa水汽输送矢量场,均存在着显著的差异;同样是暴雨多（少）的月份,对应的厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜背景相比,500 hPa高度距平场、500 hPa风矢量与温度距平叠合场以及850 hPa水汽输送矢量场均有不同的表现。 相似文献
79.
晋州地区是典型的农业井灌区,通过对该地区农作物生长季节降水量-农业地下水开采量-地下水埋深之间互动变化特征及其机制研究发现,枯水年份,农业地下水开采量的大小与小麦、玉米生长季节的降水量变化密切相关;平水年份,小麦生长季节的降水量变化对农业地下水开采量影响占主导,其次为玉米生长季节的降水量变化;丰水年,农业地下水开采量仅与小麦生长季节的降水量变化之间具有明显相关性,与玉米生长季节的降水量变化相关性明显弱化。不同水文年降水量变化,在影响农业地下水开采量增减的同时,对地下水的入渗补给量呈现与开采量逆向变化,二者叠加影响地下水位动态变化。平水年份或丰水年份,小麦生长季节地下水埋深增大,玉米生长季节降水量一般能满足玉米需水量,地下水埋深减小。因此,充分利用作物生长季节降水量,对减少地下水开采和高产农业的稳定发展有重要意义。 相似文献
80.