厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)组织及其海水环境中真菌群落结构差异分析     

邵帅  陶玉林  颜光祥  汤昌盛  廖智  严小军  何建瑜 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):451-461

海洋真菌广泛参与近海生态系统的物质循环和能量流动, 同时与海洋动物之间存在复杂的相互作用。贝类是我国主要的海水养殖生物, 为深入了解海洋真菌与贝类养殖的潜在关系, 选择厚壳贻贝养殖区海水及8种组织真菌为研究对象, 利用荧光定量PCR以及ITS rDNA高通量测序解析养殖厚壳贻贝各组织及所处海水环境的真菌群落丰度和结构特征。结果显示厚壳贻贝养殖区内和边缘海域的真菌丰度显著高于养殖区外围海域; 从贻贝养殖区和组织中共获得1 409个OTUs, 其中粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes) 在海水真菌群落为优势纲; 而在贻贝组织中, 锤舌菌纲(Leotiomycetes, 足20.13%、肾脏14.72%)、座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes, 鳃2.89%、后闭壳肌1.92%、血淋巴1.36%)、散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes, 性腺3.59%、足1.57%)和伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes, 性腺3.09%、消化腺2.71%、鳃2.50%)占据优势地位。多样性分析显示厚壳贻贝和海水间真菌群落存在显著性差异; Bray-Curtis相似距离分析显示贻贝真菌群落与养殖区内海水更为相似, 而与边缘和外围海水差距较大。厚壳贻贝不同组织间、不同区域海水间的Beta多样性差异主要来自物种替换; 贻贝与海水间真菌Beta多样性的差异主要来自丰富度差异。综上所述, 厚壳贻贝体内真菌具有组织差异性, 并且养殖活动改变了养殖区海水的真菌群落。研究结果将为贝类真菌资源、贝类-真菌相互作用及生态影响提供基础。  相似文献   

AVO处理解释和岩性识别   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8  

李邗  何诚 《物探化探计算技术》2003,25(2):145-150

从AVO技术最初用于识别“亮点”等振幅异常开始，特别是近几年来新科技的发展和应用，使该技术在油气勘探领域中具有不可替代的作用。用AVO拟合的纵横波、梯度、近道和远道迭加等剖面，结合AVOC、AVO偏振性分析、交汇图、流体替换、声阻抗、波阻抗、LMR等技术，可以从地震剖面中提取与地层直接相关的岩石物理参数，如λ、μ、K、σ等，进而预测储层的岩性和合流体性。在对这些技术进行了详细的研究后，用实际资料对每一种方法进行验证，总结了一套适用于碳酸岩储层的岩性识别处理解释流程。  相似文献   

大吉山钨矿中钨铌锰矿与富钨铌锰矿的交生现象及其成因探讨   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

张文兰  华仁民  王汝成 《矿床地质》2003,22(2):158-165

文章对大吉山钨锰矿矿石进行了电子探针分析 ,发现了一种主要元素为Nb、Ta、Fe、Mn、W的复杂氧化物矿物———钨铌锰矿。这种矿物与富钨铌锰矿交生 ,在成分上与后者呈渐变过渡。证实在自然界中黑钨矿与铌钽铁矿之间可能存在着广泛的W_Nb(Ta)类质同像置换现象。通过对其成分、形态和共生关系的研究 ,结合大吉山钨矿的形成期次 ,联系矿体与区域内两期花岗岩的内在关系 ,对大吉山钨矿的成因机制进行了探讨  相似文献   

The effect of Holocene temperature fluctuations on the evolution and ecology of Neotoma (woodrats) in Idaho and northwestern Utah     

Felisa A Smith  Julio L Betancourt 《Quaternary Research》2003,59(2):160-171

Animals respond to climatic change by adapting or by altering distributional patterns. How an animal responds is influenced by where it is positioned within its geographic range; the probability of extirpation is increased near range boundaries. Here, we examine the impact of Holocene climatic fluctuations on a small mammalian herbivore, the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), at five locations within south central Idaho and northwestern Utah. Previous work demonstrated that woodrats adapt to temperature shifts by altering body size. We focus here on the relationship between body mass, temperature, and location within the geographic range. Body mass is estimated by measuring fossil fecal pellets, a technique validated in earlier work. Overall, we find the predicted phenotypic response to climate change: animals were larger during cold periods, and smaller during warmer episodes. However, we also identify several time periods when changes in environmental temperature exceeded the adaptive flexibility of N. cinerea. A smaller-bodied species, the desert woodrat (N. lepida) apparently invaded lower elevation sites during the mid-Holocene, despite being behaviorally and physically subordinate to N. cinerea. Analysis of contemporary patterns of body size and thermal tolerances for both woodrat species suggests this was because of the greater heat tolerance of N. lepida. The robust spatial relationship between contemporary body size and ambient temperature is used as a proxy to reconstruct local climate during the Holocene.  相似文献   

A New Damage Index     

Blong  Russell 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(1):1-23

A new damage index to estimate damage to buildings relies on construction costs per square metre, and a replacement ratio which approximates costs relative to the cost of replacing a median-sized family home. Building damage is estimated against a five-point scale with Central Damage Values at 0.02, 0.1, 0.4, 0.75 and 1.0 of the replacement cost.Damage is expressed as damage in House Equivalents (HE) = Replacement Ratio × Central Damage Value. The Damage Index = log₂ (HE) provides a simple 0–20 scale covering total damage of less than 1 HE to>1 million HE. For all natural hazard impacts in Australia DI is less than 12.Where the only damage data available are of lesser quality Generic or Qualitative Damage Indices (GDI and QDI) can be used. The various advantages and limitations of the Damage Index are discussed.  相似文献   

陕西旬北浅变质岩区的大型层滑构造   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈松岭  黄震 《西北地质科学》1997,18(2):26-32

笔者着重探讨陕西西旬北地区志留系和泥盆系浅变质岩的构造特征，发现这两套地层在构造式要上有明显的差异，它们存在着大型的顺层滑动构造－层滑构造，层滑构造面上下的两套地层是相对独立的构造变形单元。  相似文献   

原生白云石与交代白云石晶体的微结构对比研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨守业  黄志诚  陈智娜 《岩石矿物学杂志》1997,16(4):362-366

应用高分辨的透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）对原生白云石与交代白云石晶体微结构进行了对比研究。原生白云石晶体中微结构以位错、调制结构为主，调制结构规则，调制波长稳定，属生长调制；交代白云石晶体中的调制结构很不规则，波长变化大，有方解石残留。能谱分析显示两种白云石晶体中调制区与非调制区Ｃａ、Ｍｇ相对含量相差很大。两者微结构差异反映了成因上的不同  相似文献   

Mineralogical correlation between primary and replacement dolomites     

Zhicheng Huang  Shouye Yang  Zhina Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(1):91-98

Primary dolostones occur in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Based on mineralogical study the indicators for correlation between the primary dolomites which are not influenced by the diagenesis and the replacement dolomites of different periods have been obtained. It is shown that the primary dolomites are characterized by crystal forms precipitated and deposited directly from sea water, stable and homogeneous distribution of Mg and Ca, ideal chemical composition, regular modulated microstructures, low positive δ¹³C and low negative δ¹⁸O. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project.  相似文献   

Lewis Ponds, a hybrid carbonate and volcanic-hosted polymetallic massive sulphide deposit, New South Wales, Australia     

Michael W. Agnew  Ross R. Large  Stuart W. Bull 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,39(8):822-844

The Lewis Ponds Zn–Pb–Cu–Ag–Au deposit, located in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, central western New South Wales, exhibits the characteristics of both volcanic-hosted massive sulphide and carbonate-hosted replacement deposits. Two stratabound massive to disseminated sulphide zones, Main and Toms, occur in a tightly folded Upper Silurian sequence of marine felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. They have a combined indicated resource of 5.7 Mt grading 3.5% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.19% Cu, 97 g/t Ag and 1.9 g/t Au. Main Zone is hosted by a thick unit of poorly sorted mixed provenance breccia, limestone-clast breccia and quartz crystal-rich sandstone, whereas Toms Zone occurs in the overlying siltstone. Pretectonic carbonate–chalcopyrite–pyrite and quartz–pyrite stringer veins occur in the footwall porphyritic dacite, south of Toms Zone. Strongly sheared dolomite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite veins directly underlie the Toms massive sulphide lens. The mineralized zones consist predominantly of pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Paragenetically early framboidal, dendritic and botryoidal pyrite aggregates and tabular pyrrhotite pseudomorphs of sulphate occur throughout the breccia and sandstone beds that host Main Zone, but are rarely preserved in the annealed massive sulphide in Toms Zone. Main and Toms zones are associated with a semi-conformable hydrothermal alteration envelope, characterized by texturally destructive chlorite-, dolomite- and quartz-rich assemblages. Dolomite, chlorite, quartz, calcite and sulphides have selectively replaced breccia and sandstone beds in the Main Zone host sequence, whereas the underlying porphyritic dacite is weakly sericite altered. Vuggy and botryoidal textures resulted from partial dissolution of the dolomite-altered sedimentary rocks and unimpeded growth of base metal sulphides, carbonate and quartz into open cavities. The intense chlorite-rich alteration assemblage, underlying Toms Zone, grades outward into a weak pervasive sericite–quartz assemblage with distance from the massive sulphide lens. Limestone clasts and hydrothermal dolomite at Lewis Ponds are enriched in light carbon and oxygen isotopes. The dolomite yielded ¹³C_VPDB values of –11 to +1 and ¹⁸O_VSMOW values of 6 to 16. Liquid–vapour fluid inclusions in the dolomite have low salinities (1.4–7.7 equiv. wt% NaCl) and homogenization temperatures (166–232°C for 1,000 m water depth). Dolomitization probably involved fluid mixing or fluid–rock interactions between evolved heated seawater and the limestone-bearing facies, prior to and during mineralization. ³⁴S_VCDT values range from 2.0 to 5.0 in the massive sulphide and 3.9 to 7.4 in the footwall carbonate–chalcopyrite–pyrite stringer veins, indicating that the hydrothermal fluid may have contained mamgatic sulphur and a component of partially reduced seawater. The sulphide mineral assemblages at Lewis Ponds are consistent with moderate to strongly reduced conditions during diagenesis and mineralization. Low temperature dolomitization of limestone-bearing facies in the Main Zone host sequence created secondary porosity and provided a reactive host for fluid-rock interactions. Main Zone formed by lateral fluid flow and sub-seafloor replacement of the poorly sorted breccia and sandstone beds. Base metal sulphide deposition probably resulted from dissolution of dolomite, fluid mixing and increased fluid pH. Pyrite, sphalerite and galena precipitated from a relatively low temperature, 150–250°C hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, Toms Zone was emplaced into fine-grained sediment at or near the seafloor, above a zone of focused up-flowing hydrothermal fluids. Copper-rich assemblages were deposited in the Toms Zone footwall and massive sulphide lenses in Main and Toms zones as the hydrothermal system intensified. During the D₁ deformation, fracture-controlled fluids within the Lewis Ponds fault zone and adjacent footwall volcanic succession remobilized sulphides into syntectonic quartz veins. Lewis Ponds is a rare example of a synvolcanic sub-seafloor hydrothermal system developed within fossiliferous limestone-bearing facies. The close spatial association between limestone, hydrothermal dolomite, massive sulphide and dacite provides a basis for new exploration targets elsewhere in New South Wales.Editorial handling: D. Lentz  相似文献   

Carbonate alteration of the Upper Mount McRae Shale beneath the martite-microplaty hematite ore deposit at Mount Whaleback, Western Australia     

Adam D. Webb  Gerald R. Dickens  Nicholas H. S. Oliver 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(5-6):632-645

The formation of large martite-microplaty hematite ore deposits in northwest Australia remains a contentious topic in part because important evidence supporting a unifying genetic model has not been observed at all deposits. Carbonate replacement of silica has been found along normal faults below ore at the Mount Tom Price and Giles Mini deposits, which suggests an early hypogene process during ore formation. However, such rocks have not been identified at the largest martite-microplaty hematite deposit, Mount Whaleback. In this study, samples of the Mount McRae Shale are examined for their chemistry, mineralogy and petrography. These samples were collected from several key locations, including an area that immediately underlies ore along the Mount Whaleback fault at Mount Whaleback. Compared to unaltered black Mount McRae Shale from Wittenoom Gorge in the north and altered black and red Mount McRae Shale at Mount Whaleback, reddish-green Mount McRae Shale along the Mount Whaleback fault is greatly enriched in MgO and CaO and depleted in SiO₂. This chemistry arises from significant amounts of fine- to medium-grained ferroan-dolomite and ankerite and cross-cutting chlorite and carbonate veins. The composition is distinct from that produced during regional metamorphism, and most likely represents hydrothermal alteration after metamorphism. The lack of carbonate-rich, silica-poor rocks in the overlying Dales Gorge Member at Mount Whaleback is consistent with pervasive oxidation of most rocks in the region during or after ore genesis, a process that removed carbonates. Although several questions remain unanswered, these results support models that invoke an early hypogene stage during the formation of the martite-microplaty hematite deposits in the Hamersley Province.Editorial Handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献