苯乙烯型大孔树脂对海水中微量有机磷农药的吸附性能研究     

孟范平  马冬冬  姚瑞华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):303-306,302

为获得不含农药的当地海水在利用酶传感器监测海水有机磷农药时作为对照溶液使用,选用苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5作为吸附剂,对含马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的海水样品进行动态吸附研究。发现该树脂较适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在温度10℃,流速0.5mL.min-1的条件下,10g树脂制成的吸附柱处理含500μg.L-1马拉硫磷的海水样品(乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率为30.0%),出水的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性抑制率仅为0.4%,而对海水自身的性质没有显著影响。结果表明:苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在海水有机磷农药的酶传感器监测中有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

地下水中91种农药多残留气相色谱-质谱分析方法研究及应用     

高冉  饶竹  郭晓辰 《岩矿测试》2021,(6):973-986

地下水中多种农药快速检测是全面表征地下水水质、确保地下水安全的重要技术支撑。本文结合现有检测标准和文献中农药需分类分别前处理和测试的问题,采用气相色谱-质谱仪,通过对水样前处理方法和气相色谱-质谱分析条件进行选择和优化,建立了地下水中91种农药气相色谱-质谱同时测定的快速分析方法。经优化,目标物采用脉冲不分流进样,Zebron Multiresidue-2色谱柱分离,分段选择离子扫描,内标法定量,多数农药在1.0～1000μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9901~0.9997之间。水样经二氯甲烷液液萃取浓缩后上机测试,各农药方法检出限为3.1～12.5ng/L,平均加标回收率在54.3%~129%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2%～20%。本方法快速、简单,准确度高,不仅显著提高了地下水中多种类农药残留分析效率,降低了分析成本;而且方法更适合大批量地下水样品的快速筛查,从而保证了样品分析的时效性。该方法已成功应用于全国地下水污染调查专项。  相似文献   

几种矿物原料在农业的的应用效果     

孙笃奋 《陕西地质科技情报》1989,(3):26-28

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地球上危害生命最广泛的10种物质     

闻战 《河南国土资源》2003,(4):17-17

1.二氧化碳: 大量的积累致使地球表面的温度明显升高，在生态 和地球化学方面造成灾难；　　2.一氧化碳: 大量积累会破坏同温层的平衡；　 3.二氧化硫: 污染大气,形成酸雨、酸雾腐蚀某些合成纤维及金 属设备,引起并加重呼吸器官疾病；　　4.一氧化氮: 是笼罩在城市上空“烟罩”的主要组成部分,影响人 的呼吸道；　　5.碳酸盐: 造成河流、湖泊污染；　　6.汞: 污染食品，尤其是海产品，在人体中积累会损害神 经；　　7.石油: 流入海中，会…  相似文献   

新疆开都河流域不同环境介质中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃残留及分布特征     

沈贝贝  吴敬禄  赵中华  马龙 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(4):646-652,607

为探讨新疆开都河流域水不同介质的来源及分布特征,检测了开都河流域水、土壤和表层沉积物样品中20种有机氯农药(OCPs)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量。结果显示,OCPs和PAHs在水中的含量分别为42.5~62.5ng/L和29.4~454.3ng/L,在土壤中的含量分别为8.8~12.4ng/g和6.6~128.2ng/g,在表层沉积物中的含量分别为6.6~13.7ng/g和20.8~491.0ng/g。空间分布上,开都河中游污染相对严重的土壤对应的周边河流沉积物也具有较高浓度的污染物,这种分布明显受人类活动影响,沿河道上游呈递增趋势,但总体上低于入湖口沉积物中的含量,表明博斯腾湖蓄积了来自周边的污染物。来源分析表明,开都河流域的六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)主要是历史残留,而入湖口区水体和表层沉积物中新的DDTs,可能与湖泊沉积物被扰动引起的再悬浮释放有关。PAHs以低分子量组分为主,其高含量主要来自于木柴、煤等中低温燃烧。风险评价结果表明,开都河流域土壤和沉积物中的OCPs和PAHs不存在显著的生态风险。  相似文献   

北京官厅水库-永定河水系水体中持久性有机氯农药污染   总被引：45，自引：1，他引：45       下载免费PDF全文

康跃惠  刘培斌  王子健  吕怡兵  李其军 《湖泊科学》2003,15(2):125-132

报道了官厅水库-永定河水系中持久性有机氯农药的污染水平,研究发现在水体中存在六六六(HCHs), 滴滴涕(DDTs), 七氯等在内的有机氯污染物,在所有13个采样点的水样中,18种有机氯农药的浓度为4.2-96.9 ng/L,其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为0.09-53.5ng/L和nd-46.8 ng/L.对污染来源进行分析,发现除了主要是源于历史上农田中有机氯农药的残留外,近期可能有新的农药污染源进入水环境,如林丹和三氯杀螨醇的使用可能造成了新的有机氯农药污染.和国内主要河流相比,官厅水库-永定河水系中有机氯农药的污染属轻度污染.  相似文献   

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

虞云龙  陈鹤鑫  樊德方  盛国英  傅家谟 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1996,(4)

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药虞云龙，陈鹤鑫，樊德方（浙江农业大学植保系，杭州３１００２９）盛国英，傅家谟（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词农药多残留分析，有机磷，有机氮目前农药使用的品种十分繁杂，多种残留农药在环境中...  相似文献   

酶电极法测有机磷农药   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

《地质地球化学》1996,(5):74-76

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Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LANG Yinhai  CAO Zhengmei  and NIE Xinhua College of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of China  Oingdao  P.R.China Bureau of Environmental Protection of Qingdao  Qingdao  P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):173-176

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.  相似文献   

Aquatic ecological risk assessment of OCPs in Huaihe River, Jiangsu section     

B. WANG G. YU Y.J. YU Z.L. ZHANG H.Y. HU L.S. WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):157-157

The Huaihe River Basin, located between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, is one of the most populated areas in the eastern part of China. The Huaihe River is probably the most heavily polluted one among the three largest rivers in China. The Jiangsu section is the downstream reaches of the Huaihe River, where organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） may come from local discharge due to flourishing industry and agriculture, and also from inflows from upstream. OCPs are usually hazardous organic pollutants, and may endanger the aquatic ecosystem of the Huaihe River, Jiangsu section. Surface water of the Huaihe River, Jiangsu section in both high-flow period and low-flow period was sampled and OCPs were determined using GC-ECD. 15 OCPs were detected, including 2,4＇-DDT, 4,4＇-DDT, 4,4＇-DDD, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene（HCB）, α-endosulfan, α-Endosulfan and heptachlorepoxide. The span of total OCPs concentration is between 26.27-124.39 ng/L. Among the 15 OCPs detected, aquatic ecological risk assessment was performed for 12 ones except for α-endosulfan, α-endosulfan and heptachlorepoxide due to lack of the relevant toxicity data of the three compounds. The acute toxicities of 12 OCPs to multi aquatic species were collected from AQUIRE database and other sources. Environmental Concentration Distribution （ECD） and Species Sensitivity Distribution （SSD） were achieved after Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The risk quotient distributions were acquired using Monte Carlo simulation. The aquatic ecological risks caused by single OCPs were analyzed. It is shown that endrin and 2,4＇-DDT have the highest risk while HCB and HCHs have the lowest risk. Then the joint ecological risk caused by all 12 OCPs was calculated based on the concept of equivalent concentration and it proves to be significantly higher than risk caused by any single OCP. Furthermore, the probability of aquatic ecological risk was calculated according to different ecological risk criteria （ERC）. The comparative analysis shows that ERC is very important to the result of ecological risk assessment.  相似文献