强震区岩体地震动力破坏特征   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

梁庆国  韩文峰 《地震工程学报》2009,31(1):15-20

岩体的地震动力破坏是岩体动力学的重要组成部分,但研究较少.本文分析了缺乏研究的原因;将岩体地震动力破坏划分为6种形式即:滑坡、崩塌、剥落、塌陷、地裂缝和岩体松动,其中岩体松动是震后产生次生地质灾害的重要原因;按照动力作用方式、岩体地震动力破坏的应力状态和破坏机制对岩体地震动力破坏进行分类,并探讨了地震滑坡和非地震滑坡的区别;讨论了岩体地震动力破坏的5个特点:不均匀性、重复性、丛集性、结构控制性和广泛性.  相似文献   

中国西部北纬35°线附近地区7.0级以上强震分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈学忠  李艳娥  郭祥云 《地震》2009,29(4)

自1990年以来我国西部及邻近地区先后发生了6次7.0级以上地震,这些地震的震中位于35°N线附近,其纬度界于34.4°～36.2 °N之间,平均纬度为35.45 °N. 美国哈佛大学给出的震源机制表明,这些地震的主压应力轴方位一致性较好,都为NE向,似乎说明这些地震的发生是在统一的应力场作用下的结果,可能与印度板块对我国大陆的推挤作用有关. 结合地质构造和余震分布确定了发震断层,计算了它们产生的应力场,根据库仑破裂应力变化,分析了它们之间的相互影响. 结果显示,在这些地震中,对后续发生的地震可能具有促震作用. 根据引潮力在震源断层面上产生的有效剪切应力, 分析了引潮力对这些地震的触发效应, 结果没有显示这些地震的发生受到明显的引潮力触发.  相似文献   

孕震过程中重力位、重力、重力梯度变化的数值模拟研究     

张永志  李辉 《地震》2002,22(2):35-41

简要介绍了为探索和解释地震前后重力变化的各种孕震模式,推导了由孕震引起的密度变化和位移与地面重力位、重力、重力梯度之间的变化关系。摸拟计算了孕震位移和密度变化引起的重力位、重力、重力梯度变化的空间分布并分析了重力位、重力、重力梯度变化的空间分布特征。与此同时,采用广义司托克斯云积分和有限差分方法对云南丽江7. 0级地震前重力位、重力、重力水平梯度进行了计算。结果表明,强震前重力位、重力、重力梯度有其自身的变化特征,这对预测强震有实际意义。  相似文献   

南北地震带地震活动强度变化特征及其神经网络模型     

李强 《地震》2001,21(3):39-45

南北地震带是中国大陆的一条主要活动地震带, 20世纪以来有很多大地震集中发生在这条地震带上。为了进一步探讨南北地震带地震活动强度变化的规律并对其进行中期预测,在研究了南北地震带逐年最大地震强度演化特征及其机理的基础上,建立了南北地震带地震强度序列变化的一种模式,建模中采用了人工神经网络技术,并提出了一种简易实用的能够获得较隹预测效果的确定神经网络输入窗口大小的方法。结果表明: 南北地震带的地震活动具有强弱分期轮回的特征; 用人工神经网络建模的预测结果与实际资料的对比检验中误差较小,因而该模型可作为南北地震带地震活动强度变化的预测模型。  相似文献   

Evaluation of near-source seismic records based on damage potential parameters: Case study: Greece     

Constantine C. Spyrakos  Charilaos A. Maniatakis  John Taflambas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(9):738-753

The study presents the results of an investigation that identifies among the available records in Greece those that reveal near-source characteristics, using a procedure based on damage potential parameters. The findings reaffirm the opinion that earthquakes with magnitude less than M=6.0 present near-source phenomena that can cause severe damage to relatively stiff structures, common in urban areas. Spectra from selected accelerograms of near-source records are compared with the corresponding elastic spectra of the current Greek Seismic Code, (EAK 2000), the impulsive character of the Greek near-source records is ascertained and shortcomings of EAK 2000 to account for near-source effects are demonstrated.Based on records from seismic events in Greece and records from international earthquakes of small-to-moderate magnitude, the study demonstrates that there exists a near-source magnitude-distance region, where the velocity pulses have smaller amplitude and period in comparison with earthquakes of great magnitude. A simplified representation of three pulse types is, also, adopted for near-source events. It is found that the type-A pulse related to permanent displacement phenomena does not characterize Greek records. In addition a simple criterion is developed to identify the most appropriate simplified pulse type for near-source seismic events independently of magnitude.  相似文献   

Experimental Study for the Allocation of Ground-Sills Downstream of Check dams     

Bing-Shyan LIN  Chao-Hsien YEH  Hui-Pang LIEN 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(1)

The main purpose of this study is to understand the stabilizing effect of ground-sills on the riverbed through a series of flume model experiments.From results,although check dams have the ability to control upstream sediment transport,the mass energy produced by the free fall of the overtopping discharge still causes strong local scour downstream of the structure,and this Scour lcads to the instability of the check dam.Therefore,this study conducted model experiments on various types of serial ground-sills to determine the appropriate spacing to best protect the downstream bed.Based on the observations and analysis of channel geomorphology and sedimentation,this study concluded the following results:1)Serial ground-sills reduces the sediment transport ability perfectly,especially under a mild channel gradient equipped with 2-4 times the average channel width interval.But for steep slopes,it is suggested that the proper spacing should be shortened to 1-2 times the average channel width.2)Ground-sills can effectively protect the streambed from scouring under a suitable equipped condition and the concepts of guiding scour and riverbed inertia were used in the analysis of optimal ground-sill spacing.  相似文献   

2001～2005年新疆周边3次大震对新疆地震趋势影响的分析     

王琼  高歌 《内陆地震》2008,22(2)

解算了2001～2005年新疆周边发生的3次大震产生的库仑应力变化,同时结合其后3年内库仑应力正负区域5级以上地震活动特征,并引用GPS资料综合分析了这组周边大震活动对新疆境内地震趋势的影响。研究结果表明,新疆周边这组大震活动一定程度上减缓了新疆境内中强地震的孕震过程。  相似文献   

1986－2006年抚顺大风特征分析及预报   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

吴春英  孙桂双  张昱  马晓颖 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(5):42-47

选取1986－2006年抚顺地区3个测站地面自记风资料,探讨抚顺地区大风的时空分布规律。结果表明：近20 a抚顺地区大风有多个高值年和低值年,平均7－8年为1个波段,2002年后大风日数明显减少。春季大风最多,冬季最少。根据环流形势特征,将大风分为两高夹低型、东高西低型、西高东低型和中小尺度型4种天气环流类型。建立了偏南大风、偏北大风和中小尺度型大风的预报指标和预报方法,为大风预报提供依据。选取2001－2006年40次大风观测数据进行预报效果检验,预报正确率为62％,检验效果较好。  相似文献   

An evaluation of the applicability of the NGA models to ground-motion prediction in the Euro-Mediterranean region   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

Peter J. Stafford  Fleur O. Strasser  Julian J. Bommer 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(2):149-177

The first phase of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project has now finished, resulting in the publication of five new sets of empirical ground-motion models for PGA, PGV and response spectral ordinates. These models mark a significant advancement in the state-of-the-art in empirical ground-motion modelling and include many effects that are not accounted for in existing European equations. Under the assumption that the Euro-Mediterranean database from which the European relationships are derived is unlikely to drastically change in the near future, a prudent question to ask is: can the NGA models be applied in Europe? In order to answer this question, the NGA model of Boore and Atkinson (PEER Report 2007/01, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA, 234 pp., 2007), which is shown to be representative of the NGA models as a suite, is compared with the dataset used for the development of the most recent European empirical ground-motion models for response spectral ordinates and peak ground velocity. The comparisons are made using analyses of model residuals and the likelihood approach of Scherbaum et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 94(6):2164–2185, 2004). The analyses indicate that for most engineering applications, and particularly for displacement-based approaches to seismic design, the NGA models may confidently be applied within Europe. Furthermore, it is recommended that they be used in conjunction with existing European models to provide constraint on finite-fault effects and non-linear site response within logic-tree frameworks. The findings also point to the potential benefits of merging the NGA and European datasets.  相似文献   

中国大陆强震前地震活动图像演化特征研究     

王慧敏  吕梅梅  黎明晓  张晓东 《地震》2006,26(3):44-52

将1966年以来中国大陆发生的75次6.5级以上地震分为52组, 按华北-东北、 西南、 青藏块体、 新疆不同构造区域, 分别对其6.5级以上强震前4级、 5级以上地震活动图像进行了全时空扫描, 选取震前特征图像, 按构造区域进行分析、 总结, 研究强震前中等地震活动图像演变的基本特征, 及其震前图像演化的共性和差异性。 研究结果表明: 强震前不同级别中等地震活动出现二个阶段异常图像转化具有普适性。 5级地震图像后期在时间和空间上配套出现的4级地震的异常图像, 可能是强震孕育过程中由中期向短期过渡的一种标志。  相似文献