差异风化型危岩力学模型及破坏机制研究     

陈维  徐则民  刘文连 《岩土力学》2015,36(1):195-204

差异风化型危岩多形成于由砂岩和泥岩等软、硬岩性组成的互层陡倾岩质边坡中,其崩塌破坏属地质灾害中的常见形态。以普洱渡危岩高边坡为例,推导出差异风化型危岩岩腔后壁泥岩压应力随岩腔深度增加而增大的计算公式。据普洱渡危岩高边坡地形地貌和地质构造特征建立了两类4种差异风化型危岩力学模型：第1类为主控结构面贯通率等于1时的泥岩基座压裂破坏型和转动破坏型危岩;第2类为主控结构面贯通率小于1时的坠落型和倾倒型危岩。利用岩石强度理论推导出研究区砂岩的二次抛物线型摩尔强度包络方程,以极限平衡理论和摩尔强度理论推导了4种危岩体在自重、地震力和裂隙水压力共同作用下的崩塌破坏判别表达式,并由此反演出危岩体的临界崩塌边界方程,得出危岩体崩塌边界（岩腔深度、危岩体厚度和高度、主控裂隙深度）之间的关系,为现场预测和判别危岩体的稳定性和崩落时序提供简便可靠的依据。  相似文献   

CityEngine CGA支持下的苗族特色民居三维建模     

李昕娟  王加胜 《测绘通报》2017,(12):112-116

少数民族民居是中华民族文化的重要组成部分,而在现今民族大融合的背景下,传统少数民族建筑的传承和发展正呈现衰退之势,采用三维建模技术对少数民族民居进行数字化保存意义重大。苗族民居造型复杂,具有独特的吊脚楼结构,给规则建模带来困难。为此,本文以CityEngine软件为建模平台,巧妙地组合与运用挤出、拆分、平移等基础函数,编写了苗族民居底层支柱、二层主屋和歇山型屋顶的规则,完整地实现了苗族典型民居的规则建模,并实现了民居样式的动态调整与民族村寨的快速生成。研究结果表明,基于CGA规则对复杂的民族民居三维建模方法可行,为数字化保存少数民族民居提供了便捷的方式。  相似文献   

RELIABILITY BASED ANALYSIS ON RESERVOIR INDUCED EARTHQUAKES          下载免费PDF全文

WEI Hai  YANG Hua-shu  WANG Ming-ming  WANG Lin  LIAO Min 《地震地质》2016,38(4):885-896

Reservoir induced earthquakes (RIE) are caused by impoundment of reservoir,with the characteristics of small magnitude and shallow focal depth,but they can also lead to not only economic loss,but also many serious secondary disasters,such as dam destruction,landslide,producing greater damages far more than the damages directly produced by earthquakes.So study on RIE is quite significant in the field of dam construction,thus more attentions should be paid to RIE.There are many factors to induce reservoir earthquakes,such as geological condition,rock mass mechanical index,state of crustal stress,pore pressure distribution,all of which are extremely difficult to measure due to the presence of many randomness;even if applying most advanced methods to measure them,the values fluctuate in great range,without a certain value in time and space.The great variety of these parameters gives rise to troubles to analyze RIE by deterministic approaches.How to handle the randomness of these factors has become vital problem in the field of RIE research.In this study,based on probability theory,and taking the main influence factors as stochastic variables,a new method to analyze probability of RIE was proposed by applying reliability theory.Firstly,the factors inducing reservoir earthquakes were analyzed,of which pore pressure in fault caused by water impounding of reservoir plays a vital role in triggering earthquakes.Then,taking these factors,including attitude,friction coefficient,cohesion of fault plane,stress state of fault plane and pore pressure in fault,as stochastic variables,performance function of triggering earthquakes was established by applying Coulomb stress on the fault plane,and reliability theory was used to analyze probability of earthquake induced by main factors.A special case analysis showed that:(1) The probability of induced earthquakes dramatically increases as pore pressure in fault increases;under the condition of equal pore pressure at triggering earthquakes area,probability of induced earthquakes obviously rises with enlarging of variation of pore pressure;(2) those faults with strike approximately parallel to horizontal maximum principal stress direction or with steep dip angle about more than 60° are prone to inducing earthquake;(3) as horizontal minimum principal stress increases,which has greater effect on induced earthquakes than horizontal maximum principal stress,probability of induced earthquakes becomes lower and fault keeps in more stable condition;(4) probability of induced earthquakes gradually decreases with the increase of friction coefficient and cohesion of fault plane;However,the effect of friction coefficient on induced earthquakes is much greater than the cohesion of fault plane.  相似文献   

2015年缅北冲突下的果敢难民空间分布特征     

杨在月  惠凯  胡志丁  付磊  熊理然  李灿松 《热带地理》2016,36(2):267-273

通过实地调研、问卷调查、深入访谈等方式,并结合GIS及统计分析法,从宏观和微观上对2015-02-09果敢冲突涌进中国的果敢难民的空间分布特征及原因进行了分析。结果表明：冲突下果敢难民主要受地理距离、政策、社会关系、经济和自然条件等因素影响,难民集中分布在果敢与中国边境交界的中国一侧。从宏观地域格局上看,难民分布的总体特征是沿边境线呈条带状的空间分布,且呈现出向中国境内纵深递减的趋势;从微观上看,主要呈现出集聚型、分散型、集聚-分散型分布的特征。  相似文献   

Young eccentric binary KL CMa revisited in the light of spectroscopy     

《New Astronomy》2015

The absolute dimensions of the components of the eccentric eclipsing binary KL CMa have been determined. The solution of light and radial velocity curves of high ($\mathrm{\Delta }\lambda =0.14$ Å) and intermediate ($\mathrm{\Delta }\lambda =1.1$ Å) resolution spectra yielded masses M₁ = 3.55 ± 0.27 M_⊙, M₂ = 2.95 ± 0.24 M_⊙ and radii R₁ = 2.37 ± 0.09 R_⊙, R₂ = 1.70 ± 0.1 R_⊙ for primary and secondary components, respectively. The system consists of two late B-type components at a distance of 220 ± 20 pc for an estimated reddening of $E(B-V)=0.127$.The present study provides an illustration of spectroscopy’s crucial role in the analysis of binary systems in eccentric orbits. The eccentricity of the orbit ($e=0.20$) of KL CMa is found to be bigger than the value given in the literature ($e=0.14$). The apsidal motion rate of the system has been updated to a new value of $\dot{w}=0°.0199\pm 0.0002{\text{cycle}}^{-1}$, which indicates an apsidal motion period of $U=87\pm 1$ yrs, two times slower than given in the literature. Using the absolute dimensions of the components yielded a relatively weak relativistic contribution of ${\dot{w}}_{\mathit{rel}}=0°.0013{\text{cycle}}^{-1}$. The observed internal-structure component ($\log k_{2\text{,}\mathit{obs}}=-2.22\pm 0.01$) is found to be in agreement with its theoretical value ($\log k_{2\text{,}\mathit{theo}}=-2.23$).Both components of the system are found very close to the zero-age main-sequence and theoretical isochrones indicate a young age ($\tau =50$ Myr) for the system. Analysis of the spectral lines yields a faster rotation ($V_{\mathit{rot}1\text{,}2}=100$ km s⁻¹) for the components than their synchronization velocities ($V_{\mathit{rot}\text{,}\mathit{syn}1}=68$ km s⁻¹, $V_{\mathit{rot}\text{,}\mathit{syn}1}=49$ km s⁻¹).  相似文献   

碱性材料对红土结构的侵蚀及危害   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨华舒  杨宇璐  魏海  胡应庭  汪皓  王毅 《水文地质工程地质》2012,(5):64-68

水泥等碱性物质大量用于加固岩土工程,但红土结构在使用碱性材料加固后经济寿命反而明显缩短,其相关机制亟待明确。基于材料的化学分析和加速寿命实验原理,采用不同浓度的过饱和碱液恒温浸泡红土,模拟碱性加固材料对红土侵蚀的不同时长;然后检测红土被侵蚀后渗液中有效离子的浓度变化,显微观测红土颗粒和孔隙的劣化趋势,揭示碱性物质对红土结构的缓慢破坏机理。对比试验表明:碱性加固材料加速了红土中倍半氧化物、硅酸根等支撑物质的变异和流失;土颗粒的胶结物、包裹层、填充物均遭受了明显破坏,颗粒级配严重失衡。碱性物质还逐渐改变了倍半氧化物的表面电性,使硅溶胶、氧化铝等粘结成分变质,导致酸碱接触带附近的红土分崩离析。化学反应的生成物被压力渗水带出后,在土工结构中形成了大量的微架空和细观通道,并导致红土的工程指标劣化,诱发渗透破坏和溃塌灾难。  相似文献   

水轮机流道压力脉动诱发厂房振动分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭涛  张立翔  姚激 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(6):136-140

水轮机压力脉动是引起厂房内源振动的主要诱因,如何在振动系统中合理、准确地施加水力荷载的振源特性,是目前机组振动分析的主要难点.文中将压力脉动假定为简谐荷载,通过跟踪楼板的振动变化和共振校核确定机组的振源特性,采用有限元法精细模拟了水轮机流道压力脉动诱发的厂房振动问题,并结合电站特点提出振动控制标准的建议值,由此对振动进...  相似文献   

陈才教授学术思想及对区域经济地理学的贡献     

董锁成  杨旺舟  石广义 《地理研究》2011,30(11):2115-2122

陈才教授是我国著名的地理学家,是我国区域经济地理学学科的创建者,他开创性的学术研究及实践,为我国区域经济地理学学科建设和国家发展做出了杰出贡献。陈才教授的学术思想和主要贡献可简要归纳为五个方面：（1）较早提出经济地理三个研究侧面的学术思想;（2）系统开展区域经济地理学研究和实践,创立和完善区域经济地理学学科体系;（3）...  相似文献   

云南省转变工业发展方式的对策研究     

武友德  杨旺舟 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(3)

在全球气候变暖、资源危机和环境退化等背景之下,低碳经济和绿色经济受到各国广泛关注,世界经济形态和经济增长动力正在发生转向.近些年来,转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构成为我国经济发展的主线,国内区域发展中也出现了一些新因素和新格局.这些变化将引起供需结构、投资结构以及国家产业政策等方面的变化,进而推动产业结构调整和产业发展方式的转变,未来几年是我国加快工业发展方式转变的关键时期.在对云南省工业发展特征和面临矛盾分析的基础上,结合经济发展背景和趋势,充分考虑资源环境基础和未来发展方向,提出云南省工业向绿色、低碳发展方式转变的对策和建议.  相似文献   

冻胀环境下哈尔滨市某桩锚支护深基坑工程监测研究     

崔高航  刘守花  王兆亮  张荣江 《工程地质学报》2016,24(2):331-338

哈尔滨等寒区深基坑的监测以及理论研究十分不足,对历经冬季的深基坑的研究更是少之又少。对哈尔滨市香坊区安埠商圈核心区改造深基坑工程在基坑开挖过程中的监测数据进行统计、分析,并对施工过程中基坑护壁桩东侧区域的破损进行分析。结果表明:该桩锚支护的深基坑,围护结构沿深度方向的变形属于复合式变形,基坑的空间效应不明显。以1/2基坑的开挖深度为分界线,同一深度处分界线以上的阳角处的水平位移大于阴角处的水平位移,分界线以下则相反;采用钢板桩和护壁桩的组合形式没有直接采用护壁桩的效果好;基坑的稳定性受地基土冻胀的影响不可忽略。支护方案总体可行,但是有部分区域护壁桩破损情况,安全储备有待提高,类似工程进行支护设计时应提高安全储备。研究结果为哈尔滨地区的深基坑工程的设计和施工提供了重要的依据。  相似文献