振荡流作用下波状底床上流场特性的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

林缅  袁志达 《地球物理学报》2005,48(6):1466-1474

本文利用U型振荡水槽和粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对三种固定波状底床上的流场进行了测量,得到一系列不同振幅条件下的瞬时速度场和涡量场.通过分析不同时段涡强度以及涡轨迹,讨论了底床形状对其附近流场的影响.实验结果分析表明,底床形状决定着整个涡量场特征及涡轨迹,从而决定着泥沙的净输移.这些结果对于探讨浅海区沙波、沙纹和沙垄等波状底床上泥沙输移的力学机制是很有意义的.  相似文献   

一个"移径北翘台风"的环流及结构特征   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4  

吴德平  梁冰 《广东气象》2005,(3):7-8,13

0307号台风“伊布都”进入南海后一度西北偏西方向移动,但登陆前12h,移向突然折向西北,特别是登陆前3h移径明显北翘,直向偏北方向移动。通过分析大气环流形势、卫星云图以及雷达探测资料,发现副高轴“东落西抬”、副高减弱以及台风“9”字型螺旋结构改变均对台风的北翘有很好的指示作用。另外,副高控制下的“晴空区”有零星对流云发生,也对副高的减弱有很好的预示作用。  相似文献   

近年影响桂林的台风暴雨动力热力特征及日本数值预报产品检验     

薛荣康 《气象研究与应用》2005,26(2):9-13

对近年造成桂林台风暴雨的大中尺度环流背景形势作了分析,着重对比分析了尤特和黄蜂台风暴雨的热力、动力特征,对比结果表明:高空槽云系与台风倒槽云系叠加造成的暴雨远比单纯的台风环流造成的暴雨严重,说明中低纬天气系统的相互作用能造成暴雨的增幅。同时检验了日本数值预报产品对台风暴雨预报能力,结果表明:日本数值预报产品对台风环流本身造成暴雨有较好预报能力。  相似文献   

Dynamics and circulation regimes of terrestrial planets     

P.L. Read 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(10):900-914

By the study of simple analogues, either in the form of simplified numerical models or laboratory experiments, considerable insights may be gained as to the likely roles of planetary size, rotation, thermal stratification and other factors in determining the principal length scales, styles of global circulation and dominant waves and instability processes active in the respective climate systems of Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. In this review, we explore aspects of these analogues and demonstrate the importance of a number of key dimensionless parameters, most notably thermal Rossby and Rhines numbers and a measure of the dominant frictional or radiative timescale, in defining the type of circulation regime to be expected in a prototype planetary atmosphere subject to axisymmetric driving. These considerations help to place Mars, Venus, Titan and Earth into an appropriate context, and may also lay the foundations for predicting and understanding the climate and circulation regimes of (as yet undiscovered) Earth-like extra-solar planets. However, as recent discoveries of ‘super-Earth’ planets around some nearby stars are beginning to reveal, the parameter space determined from axisymmetrically forced prototype atmospheres may be incomplete and other factors, such as the possibility of tidally locked rotation and tidal forcing, may also need to be taken into account for some classes of extra-solar planet.  相似文献   

Sea Level Variations Associated with Upwelling/ Downwelling Along the West Coast of India     

A. D. Rao  S. V. Babu  Madhu Sharma 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):153-170

A three-dimensional numerical model is developed and used to study the coastal upwelling processes and corresponding seasonal changes in the sea level along the west coast of India. The upwelling and associated sea level variations are seen as a response of coastal ocean to pure wind stress forcing. The model is designed to represent coastal ocean physics by resolving surface and bottom Ekman layers as realistically as possible. The prognostic variables are the three components of the velocity field, temperature, salinity and turbulent energy. The governing equations together with their boundary conditions are solved by finite-difference techniques. Experiments are performed to investigate sea level fluctuations associated with the thermal response and alongshore currents of the coastal waters. The model is forced with mean monthly wind stress forcing of January, May, July and September representing northeast monsoon and different phases of the southwest monsoon. It is known from the observational study that the upwelling process reaches to the surface waters by May along the coastal waters of the extreme southwest peninsular region. The process is more intense in July compared to May and September and its strength decreases from south to north. However, during the northeast monsoon season, which is represented by January wind stress forcing in the model, downwelling is simulated along the coast. The model simulations of the coastal response are compared with the observations and are found to be in good agreement. The maximum computed vertical velocity of about 2.0 2 10 -3 cm s -1 is predicted in July in the southern region off the coast.  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of North Indian Ocean State Prior to the Onset of SW Monsoon Using SSM/I Winds     

P. S. Salvekar  D. W. Ganer  P. Rahul Reddy  Sujit Basu  Raj Kumar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):115-131

The Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and currents are simulated over the north Indian Ocean, during the onset phase of southwest monsoon for the three years 1994, 1995, and 1996, using daily Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) winds and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) heat fluxes as forcings in the 2½ layer thermodynamic numerical ocean model. The results are discussed for the 30-day period from 16 May to 13 June for all the three years, to determine the ocean state during the onset phase of SW monsoon. The maximum variability in the simulated SST is found along the Somali coast, Indian coasts, and equatorial regions. The maximum SST in the North Arabian Sea is found to be greater than 30°C and minimum SST in the west equatorial region is 25°C during the onset phase of all three years. Model SSTs are in agreement with Reynolds SST. SST gradients in the north-south as well as in the east-west directions, west of 80°E are found to change significantly prior to the onset. It can be inferred from the study that the SST gradient of 2.5°C/2000 km is seen due north and due west of the region 2° - 7°S, 60° - 65°E, about 8 to 10 days prior to the arrival of SW monsoon near Kerala coast. Upper and lower layer circulation fields do not show prominent interannual variability.  相似文献   

2011年3月日本福岛核电站核泄漏在海洋中的传输   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何晏春  郜永祺  王会军  JOHANNESSEN M Ol  于雷 《海洋学报》2012,34(4):12-20

使用全球版本的迈阿密等密度海洋环流模式对2011年3月日本福岛核电站泄漏在海洋中的传输以及扩散进行了数值模拟。数值模式中核废料(示踪物)排放情景采取等通量连续排放,排放时间从3月25日开始,分别持续20 d以及1 a,两种情形分别积分20 a。为了减少海洋环流年际变化带来的数值模拟的的不确定性,20 a的模式积分分别用2010年、1991-2011年、1971-1991年以及1951-1971年4个不同时段的NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料作为大气强迫场,因此每种排放情形包含4个数值试验。模拟结果的分析表明,不同核废料排放情景及其在不同时段大气资料对海洋模式的驱动下,模拟的示踪物总体的传输扩散路径(包括表层以及次表层)、传输速率以及垂直扩展的范围没有显著的差异。集合平均数值模拟的结果显示:在两种排放情景下,日本福岛核泄漏在海洋的传输路径受北太平洋副热带涡旋洋流系统主导,其传输路径首先主要向东,到达东太平洋后,再向南向西扩散至西太平洋,可能在10~15 a左右影响到我国东部沿海海域,且海洋次表层的传输信号比表层信号早5 a左右。通过进一步分析模式积分过程中最大示踪物浓度随时间变化发现,在积分第20 a(2031年3月),海洋表层和次表层浓度的最高值分别只有模式积分第一年浓度的0.1%和1%。在积分的20 a里,排放的核废料主要滞留在北太平洋海域(超过86%±1.5%的核废料在积分结束时,滞留在北太平洋),而在积分的前10 a(2021年之前),几乎所有的核废料滞留在北太平洋;在核废料的垂直分布上,主要集中在海洋表层至600 m的深度,在积分的20 a时间里,没有核废料信号扩散至1 000 m以下的深度。数值模拟的结果也表明核废料浓度减弱的强度以及演变的时间特征主要受洋流系统的影响,与排放源的排放时间长短关系不大。值得指出的是,更加准确地评估一个真实的核泄漏事故对海洋环境所造成的可能影响,还需要考虑大气中的放射性物质的沉降以及海洋生态对核物质的响应。  相似文献   

2011年3月日本福岛核电站核泄漏在海洋中的传输     

何晏春  郜永祺  王会军  JOHANNESSEN M Ol  于雷 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(4):12-20

使用全球版本的迈阿密等密度海洋环流模式对2011年3月日本福岛核电站泄漏在海洋中的传输以及扩散进行了数值模拟。数值模式中核废料(示踪物)排放情景采取等通量连续排放,排放时间从3月25日开始,分别持续20 d以及1 a,两种情形分别积分20 a。为了减少海洋环流年际变化带来的数值模拟的的不确定性,20 a的模式积分分别用2010年、1991-2011年、1971-1991年以及1951-1971年4个不同时段的NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料作为大气强迫场,因此每种排放情形包含4个数值试验。模拟结果的分析表明,不同核废料排放情景及其在不同时段大气资料对海洋模式的驱动下,模拟的示踪物总体的传输扩散路径(包括表层以及次表层)、传输速率以及垂直扩展的范围没有显著的差异。集合平均数值模拟的结果显示:在两种排放情景下,日本福岛核泄漏在海洋的传输路径受北太平洋副热带涡旋洋流系统主导,其传输路径首先主要向东,到达东太平洋后,再向南向西扩散至西太平洋,可能在10~15 a左右影响到我国东部沿海海域,且海洋次表层的传输信号比表层信号早5 a左右。通过进一步分析模式积分过程中最大示踪物浓度随时间变化发现,在积分第20 a(2031年3月),海洋表层和次表层浓度的最高值分别只有模式积分第一年浓度的0.1%和1%。在积分的20 a里,排放的核废料主要滞留在北太平洋海域(超过86%±1.5%的核废料在积分结束时,滞留在北太平洋),而在积分的前10 a(2021年之前),几乎所有的核废料滞留在北太平洋;在核废料的垂直分布上,主要集中在海洋表层至600 m的深度,在积分的20 a时间里,没有核废料信号扩散至1 000 m以下的深度。数值模拟的结果也表明核废料浓度减弱的强度以及演变的时间特征主要受洋流系统的影响,与排放源的排放时间长短关系不大。值得指出的是,更加准确地评估一个真实的核泄漏事故对海洋环境所造成的可能影响,还需要考虑大气中的放射性物质的沉降以及海洋生态对核物质的响应。  相似文献   

Wind-driven monthly variations in transport and the flow field in the Faroe–Shetland Channel     

Toby J. Sherwin  Sarah L. Hughes  William R. Turrell  Bogi Hansen  & Svein Østerhus 《Polar research》2008,27(1):7-22

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2009年冬季至2010年春季黑龙江省气温持续偏低成因          下载免费PDF全文

宋丽华  李永生  张健 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):14-18

利用常规观测的温度资料和中国国家气候中心提供的环流特征量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及美国气候预测中心（CPC）提供的AO指数等,分析了2009年11月至2010年4月中高纬大气环流异常特征,探讨了AO与同期气温的关系。分析表明：黑龙江省冬春气候异常与500 hPa大尺度环流背景有关。冬春持续偏冷,对应北半球欧亚中高纬地区呈“-+-”的波列分布,90°-180°E呈现出“北正南负”的环流形势;北半球极涡面积偏大,冬季东亚大槽位置偏西,春季东亚大槽强度偏强,冬春AO指数持续异常偏强,显著负位相。  相似文献