区域地震事件的纵横波差异与震源类型     

魏富胜  许忠淮  郭祥云  赵永 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(6):20-27

简要介绍地震与爆炸的震源物理性质及地震波激发机制特征。利用地震观测波形直达纵横波震相能量释放的差异,在时间域引进标志事件震源性质的参量a。132个台站记录的22个不同震源类型事件的计算结果表明,a值具有震源性质依附效应,展现出在事件识别领域的应用前景。  相似文献   

福建地区地壳上地幔S波速度结构与泊松比   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

黄晖  米宁  徐鸣洁  王良书  李华  于大勇 《高校地质学报》2010,16(4):465-474

        利用在福建地区布置的 12 个宽频带数字地震流动台站和 8 个固定台站记录的远震 P 波波形数据进行接收函数计算, 运用H-k 搜索叠加方法得到了研究区的平均地壳厚度H 与波速比k（=VP/VS）,并运用接收函数反演方法得到了 0~80 km 范 围内的地壳和上地幔 S 波速度结构。H-k 叠加结果表明,福建地区地壳厚度在 28.4~32.8 km 范围内,从内陆到沿海变薄, 从南到北变厚;沿着 NW-SE 方向,泊松比分布有分带特征,沿海地区泊松比高于内陆地区;同时表明,该地区地壳可分 为上、中、下地壳,地壳结构横向差异较明显,多个台站下方可发现壳内低速层,沿海地区上地幔顶部平均速度相对低, 可能暗示了深部存在热异常区域。  相似文献   

The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPM belt     

Wencai Yang 《Tectonophysics》2009,475(2):226-234

All results from integrated geophysical investigations in the Sulu region are summarized in this paper, trying to reconstruct the Sulu UHPM processes. New seismic S-wave tomographic results suggest a velocity-abnormal zone occurs beneath the Sulu crust, revealing detailed upper mantle structures that high-velocity lumps within the abnormal zone are sequentially distributed beneath the bottom of the asthenosphere. These high-velocity lumps might represent delaminated eclogites or residuals of the subducted oceanic plate. Based on integrated interpretation of the geophysical data, we propose a working model for tectonic reconstruction of the Sulu UHPM processes, which can explain the crust and upper mantle structures of the area. The involved tectonic processes are related to north-eastward escaping of the Sulu terrane, subduction and delamination cycles of the Dabie-Sulu oceanic plate, and post-orogenic lithospheric thinning and magma underplating. The UHPM rocks are believed to have syn-subduction delaminated down to the bottom of the asthenosphere during 245-180 Ma, and the delamination process seemed smooth and nearly continuous without extensive violence.  相似文献   

日本上地壳S波衰减成像          下载免费PDF全文

裴顺平  苏金蓉  高星  赵俊猛  刘宏兵 《地球物理学报》2008,51(3):828-835

地球介质的衰减特性可以从地震波中的频谱信息中获取,并且能够提供地球内部结构非均匀性的重要信息.与大量的速度结构研究相比,对衰减结构的研究却较少,且大多仅对日本群岛局部地区做研究.本文运用M_L振幅层析成像技术反演获得了整个日本群岛上地壳的品质因子Q₀值（1 Hz时的Q值）.计算中共利用了日本Hi-net台网971个台站记录到的5559个地震事件,超过60000 条Sg波最大振幅-频率数据,并且满足震中距小于2°、震源深度小于10 km.计算结果表明,低Q₀值区域主要存在于日本群岛的中央火山带,与日本新生代以来的火山分布非常一致;同时,位于从神户到京都东北地区、以及四国岛东部等地的非火山区,断层密集,对应的Q₀值也很低;另外,西太平洋俯冲海沟与日本群岛东海岸之间的区域也是低Q₀值区,这说明高温、岩石强烈破碎、深厚的沉积物是造成地震波强烈衰减的主要原因.高Q₀值主要分布在中央火山带前缘与日本东海岸之间.  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探孔区的垂直地震剖面调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

朱光明  杨文采  杨正华  杜有成  杨贵明  姚虹  杨占江  程振炎 《地球物理学报》2008,51(2):479-490

苏鲁超高压变质带的研究对了解发生在地幔深处的大陆动力学作用具有重要意义.近年来在此带中进行了大陆科学钻探和以深反射地震为主导的详细的综合地球物理调查,为研究超高压变质带地壳上地幔组构提供了难得的基础资料.根据大陆科学钻探工程的安排,在钻探取心,测井和地面三维地震观测的同时,还在5000 m的钻孔中用三分量数字检波器,对地表激发传播到井中的地震波场作垂直地震剖面（VSP）观测,目的是将传感器放在钻孔内,近距离、高精度和高分辨率地观测井周围由于超高压变质带的构造特征和岩石岩性特征引起的波场变化.通过零偏移距和非零偏移距VSP调查,我们首次在超高压变质带取得了深度达5000 m的精细的横波速度和泊松比等地球物理属性数据,作出了钻井岩心柱、测井、VSP纵波速度、横波速度和纵横波速度比、VSP上行波和地面地震资料的桥式综合对比图,使不同尺度的地质和地球物理调查资料互相连接在一起. 零偏和非零偏VSP观测可以标定主孔地质剖面各深度地质体的地震反射特性、井旁地震剖面上各个同相轴的地质属性,并对井旁局部地质构造作精细成像.由此观测取得的横波速度资料,成为建立孔区横波速度模型主要的资料来源,这种模型也是地面多波观测数据处理不可缺少的.因此,建议在进行大陆科学钻探时尽可能安排VSP地震调查.  相似文献   

Surface-to-base amplification evaluated from KiK-net vertical array strong motion records   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Takaji Kokusho  Katsuharu Sato 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(9):707-716

Site amplification defined as the peak value of spectrum ratio was investigated using surface and base accelerations recorded in a number of KiK-net down-hole arrays in Japan during three major earthquakes. An important task was to determine the spectral amplifications relative to outcropping motions with the aid of the down-hole array records. Based on soil data available for individual arrays, theoretical amplifications were calculated and adjusted to coincide with the peak amplifications of the array records. A good and unique correlation was found between the peak amplifications thus obtained and S-wave velocity ratios, defined by S-wave velocity in base layer divided by average S-wave velocity , for different sites and different earthquakes. The value of was evaluated from fundamental mode frequency and the thickness of an equivalent surface layer in which peak amplification is exerted. The conventional parameter V_s30; averaged shear wave velocity in the top 30 m used in current design codes, did not correlate well with the obtained amplifications. It is suggested that may be determined not only from V_s-logging data but also from microtremor measurements.  相似文献   

横波速度预测方法   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

孙福利  杨长春  麻三怀  李波涛 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(2):470-474

准确的横波测井速度是叠前地震反演和叠前地震属性分析的必要参数,然而实际生产中往往缺乏横波速度信息.采用经验公式往往精度有限,本文采用Biot-Gassmann低频速度模型,以及Pride公式建立起基质弹性模量与骨架弹性模量关系,证明了纵波速度大小随固结系数的增大而减小,因而可以通过迭代方式计算出合适的固结系数,进而得到横波速度大小.通过两个实例说明该方法能得到很高的预测精度.  相似文献   

松辽盆地沉积层结构的短周期地震背景噪声成像研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王仁涛  李志伟  包丰  谢军  赵建忠 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3385-3399

使用位于松辽盆地内部的NECESSArray台阵连续两年背景噪声数据,通过波形互相关和多重滤波方法提取到2~14 s较短周期的Rayleigh波群速度和相速度频散曲线,基于快速行进（FMM）面波成像方法得到群速度和相速度成像结果,并采用最小二乘迭代线性方法反演获得了松辽盆地深至12 km的三维S波速度结构.本文成像结果显示：松辽盆地内部S波速度分布的横向不均匀性与该区域的构造单元呈现出良好的空间对应关系.从地表至下方的6 km深度,盆地北部比南部表现出更加强烈的低速异常,这一特征可能与盆地南北的沉积构造差异有关.中央坳陷区低速异常的边界与嫩江断裂走向相互平行,表明盆地基底断裂对盆地形成演化具有一定的控制作用.在垂直速度结构剖面中,2.9 km·s^-1的S波速度等值线与地震反射剖面显示的盆地基底深度大致对应.基于S波速度模型和盆地基底速度（2.9 km·s^-1）,我们获得精细的松辽盆地沉积层厚度模型,结果表明松辽盆地的沉积层厚度分布呈现出中间厚、四周薄的特征,中央坳陷区的沉积层厚度范围大约在3~6 km.  相似文献   

S-wave splitting intensity analysis and inversion     

Daniele Boiero  Claudio Bagaini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(2):362-378

Analysing S-wave splitting has become a routine step in processing multicomponent data. Typically, this analysis leads to determining the principal directions of a transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal symmetry axis, which is assumed to be responsible for azimuthal anisotropy, and to the time delays between the fast and slow S-waves. These parameters are commonly estimated layer-by-layer from the top. Errors in layer stripping occurring in shallow layers might propagate to deeper layers. We propose a method for S-wave splitting analysis and compensation that consists of inverting interval values of splitting intensity to obtain a model of anisotropic parameters that vary with time and/or depth. Splitting intensity is a robust attribute with respect to structural variations and is commutative, which means that it can be summed along a ray (or throughout a sensitivity kernel volume) and can be linearly related to anisotropic perturbations at depth. Therefore, it is possible to estimate anisotropic properties within a geological formation (e.g. the reservoir) by analysing the differences of splitting intensity measured at the top and at the bottom of the layer. This allows us to avoid layer stripping, in particular, for shallow layers where anisotropic parameters are difficult to estimate due to poor coverage, and it makes S-wave splitting analysis simpler to apply. We demonstrate this method on synthetic and real data. Because the splitting intensity attribute shows usefulness in S-wave splitting analysis in transversely isotropic media, we extend the splitting intensity theory to lower symmetry classes. It enables the characterization of tilted transversely isotropic and tilted orthorhombic media, opening new opportunities for anisotropic model building.  相似文献   

华北克拉通东北部的远震S波走时层析成像研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡刚  滕吉文  何正勤  丁志峰 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1703-1712

华北克拉通是近年来我国地学界研究的热点之一.本文利用布设在华北东北部地区的华北地震科学台阵所记录的远震波形资料,用波形互相关方法拾取了9105条S波走时残差数据,进而用体波走时层析成像方法反演获得了研究区从地表至600 km深度的S波速度结构.所获得的S波层析成像结果表明,华北克拉通中部块体的山西断陷带低速异常一直从地面延伸至上地幔约300 km深处,推测该低速异常体可能与中、新生代的大同火山群的形成与活动有关.研究发现华北东部存在一高速异常体由东部渤中凹陷的地壳一直向西延伸至太行山山前断裂下方地幔转换带410 km附近,推测该高速异常体可能为太平洋板片向西俯冲在华北克拉通东部块体下方地幔过渡带内的滞留.研究结果显示华北克拉通东部的华北盆地表现为高低速相间分布,表明该地区下方的岩石圈发生了破坏,而位于华北克拉通北缘的燕山造山带显示为高速异常,表明燕山造山带下方的岩石圈没有明显的破坏迹象.  相似文献