甘肃玉门昌马地区的蓝闪片岩     

吴汉泉  冯益民  霍有光  左国朝 《西北地质科学》1991,(32)

蓝闪片岩产于一套含放射虫硅质岩、硅质大理岩、板岩、变质基性火山岩中,与此相伴的超基性岩块,以一系列向南逆冲的断片产出。蓝闪片岩中的蓝闪石往往和黑硬绿泥石、钠长石、绿泥石以及钠钙闪石(蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等)、钙闪石(阳起石等)共存。据钠角闪石、绿泥石计算的生成压力是0.65GPa至0.8GPa,略大于美国佛兰西斯科的瓦尔德溪蓝片岩中该矿物对生成的压力。稀土元素分析证明蓝片岩的原岩是典型洋底(中脊)玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,这是蓝片岩沟-弧俯冲-碰撞的证据之一。  相似文献   

安康牛山火山岩区基础地质及金银铜的成矿条件     

任有祥  彭礼贵  李智佩  王兴安 《西北地质科学》1991,(34)

安康牛山地区的海相火山岩构成安康隆起的主体。经两年的研究取得了如下认识和成果:①火山岩岩石学、岩石地球化学研究表明,郧西群火山岩可分为上、下两个岩性段,岩石类型计有石英角斑岩、钾石英角班岩及其同质火山碎屑岩;耀岭河群为细碧岩、钠长辉绿岩及其同质火山碎屑岩,火山岩组合为石英角斑岩-细碧岩,缺失中性角斑岩类,前者为钙碱性系列,后者为拉斑玄武岩系列,含钙碱性系列分子。火山岩具双模式特点,为裂谷环境产物。加里东晚期或华力西早期侵位的酸性侵入岩为岛弧环境产物。②首次研宄并划分出七条韧性剪切带,在空问上呈近南北,和南东-北西两组方向,推测其为共轭韧性剪切带组合。③论述了恒河以东,付家河以西地段的线性构造和环形构造,并在此基础上论证了猴子崖-牛山主峰一带为一大型构造穹窿。④本区火山变质岩的变质矿物有七种组合类型和两个变质相。⑤本区首次发现了高压变质相系的蓝片岩(钠钙闪石绿片岩)。这对阐明安康隆起、平利降起,乃至整个秦岭造山带的构造演化具有重要的大地构造意义。⑥基于Ma区和Pan区铜银矿点和矿化地段的发现和金银铜矿化特征、成矿条件的分析,初步认为本区已知的火山热液脉型和火山变质热液脉型铜矿不具备形成工业矿床的地质条件,金矿产成矿因素较为复杂,其成矿前景尚欠明确,银矿产尚有一定的成矿潜在前景。笔者等确立的找矿指导思想是以银为主的金银铜综合找矿。  相似文献   

滇西蓝片岩中的角闪石   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

张儒瑗  从柏林 《地质科学》1990,(1):43-53

滇西蓝片岩的原岩为玄武质岩石和泥质岩,其矿物组合分别为Cr(或Win)+Chl±Ab+Ph+Ep±Act+Sph±Qz和Gl+Ph+Alm+Tc+Act+Chl+Qz+Do。哀牢山蓝片岩中的闪石普遍具有成分分带,核心为蓝透闪石,边缘为阳起石。澜沧江带中的蓝片岩,其碱性闪石显示了一定的成分变化,既有青铝闪石、镁钠闪石,也有蓝闪石。另外,在滇西蓝片岩中,共存的碱性闪石和钙质闪石之间存在着较大的成分间断。澜沧江带蓝片岩的变质年龄为193Ma。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of eclogite‐ and blueschist‐facies rocks from the Bantimala Complex,South Sulawesi,Indonesia: Protolith origin and tectonic setting     

Adi Maulana  Andrew G. Christy  David J. Ellis  Akira Imai  Koichiro Watanabe 《Island Arc》2013,22(4):427-452

We present the first data on bulk‐rock major and trace element compositions for a suite of eclogite‐ and blueschist‐facies rocks from the Bantimala Complex, Indonesia, with the aim of better constraining the protolith origins and nature of the subducted crust. The eclogites can be classified into two groups: glaucophane‐rich eclogite and glaucophane‐free eclogite, whereas the blueschists are divided into albite–epidote glaucophanite and quartz–glaucophane schists. SiO₂ contents of the eclogites are 43.3–49.6 wt%, with Na₂O + K₂O contents 3.7–4.7 wt%. The blueschists show a wider range of compositions, with SiO₂ = 40.7–63.8 wt% and Na₂O + K₂O = 2.7–4.5 wt%. Trace element data suggest that the eclogite protoliths include both enriched and normal mid‐oceanic ridge basalt (E‐MORB and N‐MORB) and also gabbroic cumulates. The blueschists show more variation in protoliths, which include N‐MORB, Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB) and Island Arc Basalt (IAB). Plots of element concentrations against the immobile Zr show considerable mobility of large ion lithophiles but not of high field‐strength elements during high‐pressure metamorphism, and indicate that the high SiO₂ content of some blueschists is probably due to metasomatism by a LILE‐rich siliceous aqueous fluid. Strong correlations between K, Rb, Ba and Cs suggests that enrichment of these elements occurred by a single process. All the protoliths were subducted, metamorphosed to blueschist/eclogite‐facies and subsequently exhumed. It is noteworthy that the samples deduced to have come from thicker‐crust environments (OIB, IAB) were subducted to shallower depths (blueschist‐facies) than MORB‐derived samples, all except one of which reached eclogite‐facies conditions. The geochemical data of this study demonstrate the variety of ocean floor types that were subducted under the southeast margin of Sundaland in the late Jurassic period.  相似文献   

40Ar‐39Ar Geochronology and Tectonic Implications of the Blueschist from Northwestern Qiangtang,Northern Tibet,Western China     

TANG Xianchun  and ZHANG Kaijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(6):1471-1478

Blueschist exposed in the northwestern Qiangtang terrane, northern Tibet, western China (~84°30′ E, 34°24′ N), provides new constraints on the tectonic evolution of Qiangtang as well as northern Tibet. The blueschist represented by lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing assemblages equilibrated at 375–400 °C and ~11 kbar. 40Ar-39Ar analysis on mineral separate from one blueschist sample yielded a well-defined plateau age of ~242 Ma. Geochemical studies show the blueschist is metamorphosed within-plate basalts. The high pressure-low temperature blueschist indicates a Triassic event of lithosphere subduction, and clearly represents an extension of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, and defines an in?situ suture between eastern and western Qiangtang.  相似文献   

Geochronological challenges posed by continuously developing tectonometamorphic systems: insights from Rb–Sr mica ages from the Cycladic Blueschist Belt,Syros (Greece)          下载免费PDF全文

R. A. Cliff  C. E. Bond  R. W. H. Butler  J. E. Dixon 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(2):197-211

Is metamorphism and its causative tectonics best viewed as a series of punctuated events or as a continuum? This question is addressed through examination of the timing of exhumation of the Cycladic Blueschist Belt (CBB). The cause of scatter beyond analytical error in Rb–Sr geochronology was investigated using a suite of 39 phengite samples. Rb–Sr ages have been measured on phengite microsamples drilled from specific microstructures in thin sections of calcschists and metabasites from the CBB on Syros. The majority are from samples that have well‐preserved blueschist facies mineral assemblages with limited greenschist facies overprint. The peak metamorphic temperatures involved are below the closure temperature for white mica so that crystallization ages are expected to be preserved. This is supported by the coexistence of different ages in microstructures of different relative age; in one sample phengite from the dominant extensional blueschist facies fabric preserves an age of 35 Ma while post‐tectonic mica, millimetres away, has an age of 26 Ma. The results suggest that micro‐sampling techniques linked to detailed microstructural analysis are critical to understanding the timing and duration of deformation in tectonometamorphic systems. North of the Serpentinite Belt in northern Syros, phengite Rb–Sr ages are generally between 53 and 46 Ma, comparable to previous dates from this area. South of the Serpentinite Belt phengite in blueschist facies assemblages associated with extensional fabrics linked to exhumation have ages that range from 42 Ma down to c. 30 Ma indicating that extensional deformation while still under blueschist facies conditions continued until 30 Ma. No age measurements on samples with unambiguous evidence of deformation under greenschist facies conditions were made; two rocks with greenschist facies assemblages gave phengite ages that overlap with the younger blueschist samples, suggesting blueschist facies phengite is preserved in these rocks. Two samples yielded ages below 27 Ma; one is from a post‐tectonic microstructure, the other from a greenschist in which the fabric developed during earlier blueschist facies conditions. These ages are consistent with previous evidence of greenschist facies conditions from c. 25 Ma onwards. The data are consistent with a model of deformation that is continuous on a regional scale.  相似文献   

Experimental study of metamorphic reactions and dehydration processes at the blueschist–eclogite transition during warm subduction     

Nanfei Cheng  David M. Jenkins 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2021,39(1):39-56

The transition between blueschist and eclogite plays an important role in subduction zones via dehydration and densification processes in descending oceanic slabs. There are a number of previous petrological studies describing potential mineral reactions taking place at the transition. An experimental determination of such reactions could help constrain the pressure–temperature conditions of the transition as well as the processes of dehydration. However, previous experimental contributions have focused on the stability of spontaneously formed hydrous minerals in basaltic compositions rather than on reactions among already formed blueschist facies minerals. Therefore, this study conducted three groups of experiments to explore the metamorphic reactions among blueschist facies minerals at conditions corresponding to warm subduction, where faster reaction rates are possible on the time scale of laboratory experiments. The first group of experiments was to establish experimental reversals of the reaction glaucophane+paragonite to jadeite+pyrope+quartz+H₂O over the range of 2.2–3.5 GPa and 650–820°C. This reaction has long been treated as key to the blueschist–eclogite transition. However, only the growth of glaucophane+paragonite was observed at the intersectional stability field of both paragonite and jadeite+quartz, confirming thermodynamic calculations that the reaction is not stable in the system Na₂O–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O. The second set of experiments involved unreversed experiments using glaucophane+zoisite ±quartz in low‐Fe and Ca‐rich systems and were run at 1.8–2.4 GPa and 600–780°C. These produced omphacite+paragonite/kyanite+H₂O accompanied by compositional shifts in the sodium amphibole, glaucophane, towards sodium–calcium amphiboles such as winchite (?(CaNa)(Mg₄Al)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂) and barroisite (?(CaNa)(Mg₃Al₂)(AlSi₇)O₂₂(OH)₂). This suggests that a two‐step dehydration occurs, first involving the breakdown of glaucophane+zoisite towards a paragonite‐bearing assemblage, then the breakdown of paragonite to release H₂O. It also indicates that sodium–calcium amphibole can coexist with eclogite phases, thereby extending the thermal stability of amphibole to greater subduction zone depths. The third set of experiments was an experimental investigation at 2.0–2.4 GPa and 630–850°C involving a high‐Fe (Fe#=Fe_total/(Fe_total+Mg)≈0.36) natural glaucophane, synthetic paragonite and their eclogite‐forming reaction products. The results indicated that garnet and omphacite grew over most of these pressure–temperature conditions, which demonstrates the importance of Fe‐rich glaucophane in forming the key eclogite assemblage of garnet+omphacite, even under warm subduction zone conditions. Based on the experiments of this study, reaction between glaucophane+zoisite is instrumental in controlling dehydration processes at the blueschist–eclogite transition during warm subduction.  相似文献   

Exhumation of eclogite and blueschist (Cyclades,Greece): Pressure–temperature evolution determined by thermobarometry and garnet equilibrium modelling          下载免费PDF全文

Valentin Laurent  Pierre Lanari  Inès Naïr  Romain Augier  Abdeltif Lahfid  Laurent Jolivet 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(6):769-798

High‐P rocks such as eclogite and blueschist are metamorphic markers of palaeo‐subduction zones, and their formation at high‐P and low‐T (HP–LT) conditions is relatively well understood since it has been the focus of numerous petrological investigations in the past 40 years. The tectonic mechanisms controlling their exhumation back to the surface are, however, diverse, complex and still actively debated. Although the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU, Greece) is among the best worldwide examples for the preservation of eclogite and blueschist, the proposed P–T evolution followed by this unit within the Hellenic subduction zone is quite different from one study to another, hindering the comprehension of exhumation processes. In this study, we present an extensive petrological data set that permits refinement of the shape of the P–T trajectory for different subunits of the CBU on Syros. High‐resolution quantitative compositional mapping has been applied to support the thermobarometric investigations, which involve semi‐empirical thermobarometry, garnet equilibrium modelling and P–T isochemical phase diagrams. The thermodynamic models highlight the powerful use of reactive bulk compositions approximated from local bulk compositions. The results are also combined with Raman spectrometry of carbonaceous material (RSCM) to retrieve the metamorphic peak temperature distribution at the scale of the island. A major result of this study is the good agreement between all the independent thermobarometric methods, permitting reconstruction of the prograde and retrograde P–T trajectories. Garnet compositional zoning was used to retrieve prograde, peak and retrograde growth stages in line with the results of the P–T isochemical phase diagrams, RSCM temperature and peak‐pressure crystallization of the garnet–omphacite–phengite assemblage. Our results are consistent with previous thermobarometric estimates from other occurrences of CBU rocks (Tinos, Andros), suggesting a multistage exhumation process with (1) early syn‐orogenic exhumation within the subduction channel, (2) isobaric heating at mid‐crustal depths (~10–12 kbar) following thermal re‐equilibration of the lithosphere from a cold syn‐orogenic regime in the subduction zone to a warmer post‐orogenic regime in the back‐arc domain and (3) exhumation and cooling related to a post‐orogenic phase of extension following slab retreat. Expanding to the general aspects of subduction zones, we suggest that such metamorphic evolution of HP–LT units should be regarded as a characteristic feature of exhumation driven by slab rollback.  相似文献   

Subduction and accumulation of lawsonite eclogite and garnet blueschist in eastern Australia     

Renée Tamblyn  Martin Hand  David Kelsey  Robert Anczkiewicz  David Och 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(2):157-182

Lawsonite eclogite and garnet blueschist occur as metre-scale blocks within serpentinite mélange in the southern New England Orogen (SNEO) in eastern Australia. These high-P fragments are the products of early Palaeozoic subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath East Gondwana. Lu–Hf, Sm–Nd, and U–Pb geochronological data from Port Macquarie show that eclogite mineral assemblages formed between c. 500 and 470 Ma ago and became mixed together within a serpentinite-filled subduction channel. Age data and P–T modelling indicate lawsonite eclogite formed at ~2.7 GPa and 590°C at c. 490 Ma, whereas peak garnet in blueschist formed at ~2.0 GPa and 550°C at c. 470 Ma. The post-peak evolution of lawsonite eclogite was associated with the preservation of pristine lawsonite-bearing assemblages and the formation of glaucophane. By contrast, the garnet blueschist was derived from a precursor garnet–omphacite assemblage. The geochronological data from these different aged high-P assemblages indicate the high-P rocks were formed during subduction on the margin of cratonic Australia during the Cambro-Ordovician. The rocks however now reside in the Devonian–Carboniferous southern SNEO, which forms the youngest and most outboard of the eastern Gondwanan Australian orogenic belts. Geodynamic modelling suggests that over the time-scales that subduction products accumulated, the high-P rocks migrated large distances (~>1,000 km) during slab retreat. Consequently, high-P rocks that are trapped in subduction channels may also migrate large distances prior to exhumation, potentially becoming incorporated into younger orogenic belts whose evolution is not directly related to the formation of the exhumed high-P rocks.  相似文献   

Geochemistry,mineralogy and tectonic setting of deerite‐bearing meta‐ironstones from the Emo Metamorphics of Papua New Guinea     

M. A. Worthing  M. A. Bennett 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):29-38

The geochemistry of two deerite‐bearing meta‐ironstones from the Emo Metamorphics of Papua New Guinea suggests that they were deposited as metalliferous cherts enriched in manganese and iron by hydrothermal exhalative activity in an ocean ridge system. Subsequent blueschist facies metamorphism resulted in the formation of the assemblage deerite‐quartz‐albite‐iron oxides‐alkali amphiboles‐spessar‐tine‐stilpnomelane‐apatite, with calcium‐manganese carbonates in one specimen. Assemblages in associated metabasites suggest P‐T conditions of 7 kb at 320°C, which overlap with the P‐T field defined by one of the meta‐ironstones. Oxygen fugacity was probably an important control in determining variations in mineralogy and mineral chemistry. Preliminary data on the trace element geochemistry of associated metabasites are consistent with an ocean ridge environment for the formation of the meta‐ironstones.  相似文献