方解石和钾长石在模拟蚯蚓肠液中的初始溶解动力学机理及意义     

蔡建林  TENG Hui Henry  王钺博  张坚超 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(4):818-834

蚯蚓肠道内小分子有机酸与摄入的土壤矿物相互作用,加速矿物溶解。摄入的土壤在蚯蚓肠道内平均停留时间约为12 h,不足以使土壤矿物产生显著的溶解特征,因此这一过程难以在蚯蚓体内进行评估。本研究通过体外实验控制pH值和有机酸浓度,模拟蚯蚓肠道中有机酸对土壤中常见矿物的溶解反应,探讨了方解石和钾长石在蚯蚓肠道环境中的初始溶解动力学。研究发现,矿物在混合有机酸中的溶解速率比在纯水中高一个数量级,说明有机配体和质子促进了矿物溶解。溶解速率及粒度分析表明,方解石(CaCO₃)溶解速率不受溶解过程中粒度变化的影响,而钾长石(KAlSi₃O₈)粒度在溶解期间未出现显著变化。在此基础上,采用初始速率法模拟了钾长石的初始溶解动力学,计算得出的溶解速率表明钾长石在溶解初期主要为表面K~+的释放。使用缩核模型(shrink core model)和Hixson-Crowell模型对方解石溶解过程进行动力学解析,发现方解石的溶解主要受溶液中反应物内扩散的速率影响。这定量描述了两种矿物在有机酸溶液和纯水中的溶解差异。现有研究表明,有机配体和质子协同促...  相似文献   

大庆油田古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油储层方解石脉中发现藻生物层     

何文渊  张金友  钟建华  孙宁亮 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2081-2084

<正>顺层方解石脉是页岩油储层中比较常见的一种构造,虽然它的体量不大,但是携带的地质信息很多,近年来颇受重视,取得了很多成果(何文渊等,2022,2023;杨勇等,2023)。近期大庆油田在古龙凹陷青山口组获得了页岩油的资源量可达15.1 Gt,已引起广泛关注,但还有一些地质问题没有解决,严重地影响了页岩油的勘探开发。因此,对古龙凹陷青山口组页岩的基础地质进行深入研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China     

LIU Guanglin  LIU Xianyang  MA Xiaofeng  MA Shuang  WANG Xiaofeng  LI Shuo  SHI Zhiqiang  WANG Yanxin 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(5):1490-1502

To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin, the petrology, microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections, fluid inclusions, trace elements and isotopic geochemistry. The source, the time of formation, the mechanism of formation, and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed. The veins are mostly made up of calcite, mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions. Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals: fibrous, rhombic cleavage, and wedge-like structure. Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid. It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic. The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus. The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation. In this way, the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.  相似文献   

德国哈茨山St.Andreasberg热液矿床方解石巨晶的碳氧同位素研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李龙 Schoe.  M 《高校地质学报》1999,5(2):183-196

在德国哈茨山Ｓｔ．Ａｎｄｒｅａｓｂｅｒｇ热液Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ矿床的方解石脉中,发现了一个方解石巨晶。对该方解石三个不同方向上的Ｃ和Ｏ同位素分析发现,方解石晶体内部存在明显的Ｃ－Ｏ同位素环带。通过对方解石同位素环带的理论模拟,发现在方解石生长过程中,有三种流体参与了作用。它们分别为Ａ：温度约为６０℃的近地表流体,δ＾１３Ｃ＝－１８．５‰,δ＾１８Ｏ＝０‰;Ｂ：温度约为１４０℃的深源流体,δ＾１３Ｃ＝-7.0％O,δ＾１８Ｏ=+10.0％o;C：温度小于20℃。δ＾１８Ｏ≤％O ,δ＾１3C≥ 14.0％o的大气降水 作用过程有四个阶段：① 方解石在流体A中等温生长;② 流体B开始与流体A在封闭体系内均匀混合;③ 流体B缓慢注入的同时,发生了一次性流体C的快速不均匀混合;④ 流体B继续与A缓慢混合,混合体系开放。流体混合的发现,为认识St Andreasberg热液矿床的形成机制提供了颟的视野。  相似文献   

The Origin of the Proterozoic Bidjovagge Gold-Copper Deposit, Finnmark, Northern Norway, as Deduced from Rare Earth Element and Nd Isotopic Evidences on Calcites     

Feng–Jun NIE  Arne BJ&#;RLYKKE  Kjell S. NILSEN 《Resource Geology》1999,49(1):13-25

Abstract: The Bidjovagge gold-copper deposit, northern Norway occurs in the lower Proterozoic Kautokeino greenstone belt, and consists of ten ore bodies in albite felsite, graphite schist and meta-diabase sills, along with a series of syenodiorite dykes. Calcite is one of the most important gangue minerals occurring within the ore veins. The early primary calcite samples from A, C and D ore bodies (copper–rich) show almost flat chondrite-normalised REE curves, and slightly positive Eu anomalies. A Sm-Nd isotope age of 1858 ± 72 Ma (2ρ) has been given based on fifteen primary calcite samples. The Sm-Nd age of calcite is in well agreement with previously published U-Pb davidite age of 1885 ±18 Ma (2ρ) and Sm-Nd davidite age of 1886 ± 88 Ma (2ρ). All these isotopic age data indicate that the gold-copper mineralisation may occur during or slightly after the peak of the Svecokarelian orogeny. Two late primary calcite samples from C and D ore bodies have flat chondrite-normalised LREE curves, positive HREE curves, and negative Eu anomalies. In contrast, most of the early primary calcite samples from B ore body (gold–rich) show an overall negative chondrite-normalised REE slope and negative Eu anomalies. Sm-Nd data on seven primary calcite samples from the B ore body are relatively scattered, and gave an isochrone age of 1809 ± 150 Ma (2ρ), identical to the age of the calcite samples from A, C and D ore bodies. Two late primary calcite samples from the B ore body have almost flat chondrite-normalised REE slope and negative Eu anomalies. REE patterns and eNd (T) values of calcites suggest that the ore fluids for the calcites from the A, C and D ore bodies derived their metals from mafic igneous rocks (diabase sills). For the secondary calcites from the C ore body, their relative high initial Nd (T) values at 1858 Ma imply that much more radiogenic Nd-component were incorporated during calcite crystallisation when another ore fluid emplaced. Combined Nd isotope data and REE geochemical features suggest that the isotopically more evolved source such as albite felsite and syn-genetic high level syenodiorite dykes were probably metal source for these calcites in the B ore body. Three samples of secondary calcite from the B ore body, which obviously deviated from 1809 Ma isochron are easily explained as products of post-ore hydrothermal events.  相似文献   

Climatic and anthropogenic influence on the stable isotope record from bulk carbonates and ostracodes in Lake Neuchâ, Switzerland, during the last two millennia     

M.L. Filippi  P. Lambert  J. Hunziker  B. Kübler  S. Bernasconi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(1):19-34

Lake Neuchåtel is a medium sized, hard-water lake, lacking varved sediments, situated in the western Swiss Lowlands at the foot of the Jura Mountains. Stable isotope data (18O and 13C) from both bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite in an 81 cm long, radiocarbon-dated sediment core represent the last 1500 years of Lake Neuchåtel's environmental history. Comparison between this isotopic and other palaeolimnologic data (mineralogical, geochemical, palynological, etc.) helps to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural factors most recently affecting the lake. An increase in lacustrine productivity (450–650AD ca), inferred from the positive trend in 13C values of bulk carbonate, is related to medieval forest clearances and the associated nutrient budget changes. A negative trend in both the bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite 18O values between approximately 1300 and 1500AD, is tentatively interpreted as due to a cooling in mean air temperature at the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Negative trends in bulk carbonate 18O and 13C values through the uppermost sediments, which have no equivalent in ostracode calcite isotopic values, are concomitant with the recent onset of eutrophication in the lake. Isotopic disequilibrium during calcite precipitation, probably due to kinetic factors in periods of high productivity is postulated as the mechanism to explain the associated negative isotopic trends, although the effect of a shift of the calcite precipitation towards the warmer months cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

含方解石铜矿石微生物氧化作用的实验研究     

向婉丽  陆现彩  陆昀乔  李娟  张蕊  陈笑夜  刘欢 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2014,33(6)

矿山固体废物中硫化物经微生物作用形成的酸性矿山排水及其引起的重金属污染是备受关注的环境问题,而岩石和矿石中的方解石能够影响酸性矿山排水的生成和迁移。为了考察方解石对硫化物-微生物氧化作用的影响,开展了系统的模拟实验,利用ICP-AES、XRD、XRF等分析手段,测定了实验溶液的pH值、Eh值、离子浓度和次生沉淀成分。结果表明,在无方解石或方解石含量低时,黄铜矿的微生物氧化过程中,pH值下降、Eh值上升,有多种重金属离子进入溶液,并生成大量黄钾铁矾、自然硫等次生沉淀。添加过量方解石能有效中和氧化过程产生的酸并能显著抑制氧化菌的活动。因此通过添加碳酸盐矿物的方法可使溶液pH调节至微碱性,降低微生物的活性、阻滞铜矿石的氧化,能够有效降低重金属的释放。  相似文献   

Earthworm calcite granules: a new tracker of millennial‐timescale environmental changes in Last Glacial loess deposits          下载免费PDF全文

PIERRE ANTOINE  OLIVIER MOINE  ELODIE TURPIN  LAURE HUGUENARD  VINCENT ROBERT  JEAN‐PHILIPPE DEGEAI 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(6):529-536

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Late Quaternary variations in calcium carbonate preservation of deep-sea sediments in the northern Cape Basin: results from a multiproxy approach     

Andrea N. A. Volbers  Rüdiger Henrich 《Marine Geology》2002,180(1-4):203-220

In this study, we test various parameters in deep-sea sediments (bulk sediment parameters and changes in microfossil abundances and preservation character) which are generally accepted as indicators of calcium carbonate dissolution. We investigate sediment material from station GeoB 1710-3 in the northern Cape Basin (eastern South Atlantic), 280 km away from the Namibian coast, well outside today’s coastal upwelling. As northern Benguela upwelling cells were displaced westward and periodically preceded the core location during the past 245 kyr (Volbers et al., submitted), GeoB 1710-3 sediments reflect these changes in upwelling productivity. Results of the most commonly used calcium carbonate dissolution proxies do not only monitor dissolution within these calcareous sediments but also reflect changes in upwelling intensity. Accordingly, these conventional proxy parameters misrepresent, to some extent, the extent of calcium carbonate dissolution. These results were verified by an independent dissolution proxy, the Globigerina bulloides dissolution index (BDX′) (Volbers and Henrich, submitted). The BDX′ is based on scanning electronic microscope ultrastructural investigation of planktonic foraminiferal tests and indicates persistent good carbonate preservation throughout the past 245 kyr, with the exception of one pronounced dissolution event at early oxygen isotopic stage (OIS) 6.

The early OIS 6 is characterized by calcium carbonate contents, sand contents, and planktonic foraminiferal concentrations all at their lowest levels for the last 245 kyr. At the same time, the ratio of radiolarian to planktonic foraminiferal abundances and the ratio of benthic to planktonic foraminiferal tests are strongly increased, as are the rain ratio, the fragmentation index, and the BDX′. The sedimentary calcite lysocline rose above the core position and GeoB 1710-3 sediments were heavily altered, as attested to by the unusual accumulation of pellets, aggregates, sponge spicules, radiolaria, benthic foraminifera, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages.

Solely the early OIS 6 dissolution event altered the coarse fraction intensely, and is therefore reflected by all conventional calcium carbonate preservation proxies and the BDX′. We attribute the more than 1000 m rise of the sedimentary calcite lysocline to the combination of two processes: (a) a prominent change in the deep-water mass distribution within the South Atlantic and (b) intense degradation of organic material within the sediment (preserved as maximum total organic carbon content) creating microenvironments favorable for calcium carbonate dissolution.  相似文献   

微生物诱导碳酸盐在土体加固中的应用进展     

周应征  管大为  成亮 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):697-706

微生物矿化是近年来在土体改良工程发展起来的一个新分支,主要研究微生物活性在改善土体颗粒特性方面的应用。微生物诱导碳酸盐沉积（MICP）是实现土体生物胶结最常用的方法之一,该技术借助脲酶菌的代谢行为诱导碳酸钙,将松散的砂颗粒胶结成整体,从而提高了土体的力学性能。文章系统性地介绍了MICP研究中的脲酶菌矿化机理、相关处理方法、影响因素、衍生新工艺脲酶诱导碳酸盐沉积EICP及MICP技术在岩土领域的相关现场试验,并对MICP的实用性进行了总结,最后简要讨论了现研究阶段MICP工程应用所面临的挑战和潜在解决方案。  相似文献