云南保山卧牛寺组玄武岩成因：地幔柱活动的产物？   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

肖龙徐义刚  梅厚钧于荣萍 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(1):20-28

保山卧牛寺组玄武岩为低钛拉斑玄武岩，具有大陆板内玄武岩的特征，总体与蛾眉山玄武岩中的低钛玄武岩相似。其分异程度较高，富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素，有明显的Nb、Ta负异常，Zr和Hf正异常，Eu无异常或弱负异常。该玄武岩由3个大喷发旋回形成3个岩石单元，其中下部早期第1单元由致密块状玄武岩、斜斑玄武岩、杏仁玄武岩和凝灰岩组成，第2和第3单元中见少量橄榄玄武岩和粒玄岩以及辉绿岩脉。有较高的^86Sr／^87Sr值(0．705966—0．706657)、较低的^143Nd／^144Nd值(0．512212—0．512283)，εNd(t)多为负值，源区为介于EMI和EMⅡ端员之间的富集岩石圈地幔。上述地球化学和同位素特征均可与蛾眉山玄武岩下部低钛拉斑玄武岩对比，表明该期岩浆作用可能同为地幔柱活动的产物，并暗示蛾眉山大火成岩省向西有很大的延伸。  相似文献   

华北太行晚中生代煌斑岩地球化学特征及成因探讨   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

张勇 陈斌邵济安  翟明国 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(1):29-33

华北克拉通太行山地区煌斑岩脉广泛发育。这些煌斑岩高度富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Sr、Ba和K)和轻稀土元素，具有高度分异的REE模式，在化学成分和Nd—Sr同位素组成上亦显示出规律性的变化。其特征表明：太行山地区的晚中生代煌斑岩来源于同一个岩浆源区，而且煌斑岩浆在上升过程中曾经遭受过下地壳的混染。此外，最原始的煌斑岩样品具有低SiO2、高MgO以及高度富集同位素[εNd(120Ma)＝-8．3，Ist＝0．7052]的特征，表明形成煌斑岩的母岩浆来自富集地幔，是富集地幔部分熔融的产物；富集地幔可能是下部软流圈释放的富挥发分、低密度的熔体与上部的岩石圈发生了交代反应而形成的。  相似文献   

云南金平晚二叠纪玄武岩特征及其与峨眉地幔柱关系——地球化学证据   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17  

肖龙  徐义刚等 《岩石学报》2003,19(1):38-48

分布于哀牢山－红河断裂带西南侧的金坪上二叠统玄武岩属于低钛拉斑玄武岩（LT）（Ti/Y＜500）。其地球化学特征总体与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）相似，根据其岩相学、主量元素，微量元素特征，将其划分为LT1和LT2两个地球化学亚类型，它们的分布和主要地球化学标志为：LT1分布于下部，高Mg^#(48-63),SiO2(50%-56%)，高∑REE(118-145μg/g）、低Fe2O3（1．36％－1．63％），Na2O(1.88%-3.17%)，TiO2(1.37%-1.92%)，高Th、U，低Nb,Ta和Sr负异常；LT2分布于上部，低SiO2(47%-56%)，Sr强负异常，二者地球化学特征的差异是同一母岩浆经不同的分离结晶和同化混染作用的结果，金平与宾川峨眉山的化学地层学对比表明，金平LT1和LT2玄武岩与宾川峨眉山玄武岩下部的LT1、LT2十分相似，它们可能是同时，或在类似的环境下形成，金平玄武岩属于峨眉山大火山岩省的一部分，同为峨眉地幔柱早期活动的产物。新生代哀牢山－红河断裂的左滑剪运动导致了宾川与金平玄武岩的错位。  相似文献   

秦岭显生宙地幔组成及其演化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

路凤香  郑建平  钟增球  王春阳  张瑞生 《地学前缘》2003,10(3):69-75

通过对秦岭造山带及扬子克拉通北缘显生宙时期 3个含地幔捕虏体的煌斑岩、钾镁煌斑岩、碱性玄武岩以及 11个不含捕虏体的辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩出露点的岩石地球化学对比研究 ,揭示出研究区地幔演化经历了自古生代的OIB亏损地幔到中生代的高度富集地幔再到中生代末期 -新生代的OIB MORB的亏损地幔的两次明显变更。制约这种变更的主要因素是熔融岩浆时源区发生的层圈相互作用类型。鉴于大陆岩石圈软流层体系的特征 ,有必要划分出岩石圈 /软流层相互作用带(过渡带 ) ,它是大陆岩浆作用的重要源区。  相似文献   

东南沿海地区古近纪大陆岩石圈地幔特征及成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵海玲  Fred A.FREY  Hang Shichun  于俊吉  邓晋福  刘振文  李凯明  狄永军  赵国泉  刘清华 《地学前缘》2003,10(3):77-85

东南沿海地区新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体来自岩石圈地幔 ,上地幔橄榄岩包体的岩石学及地球化学特征都记录了地幔演化的历史。普宁橄榄岩包体斜方辉石含量与太古宙克拉通地幔类似 ,但在矿物学、REE、痕量元素和Sr Nd同位素上又与太古宙岩石圈地幔不同。橄榄岩包体的岩相学、矿物学、REE、痕量元素特征都提供了含H2 O富Si流体交代橄榄岩的证据 ,这种流体可能主要是洋壳物质局部熔融而成。流体交代使橄榄岩富Si,同时富Sr、Pb和强不相容元素等大洋岩石圈物质。这表明普宁大陆岩石圈地幔既保留太古宙岩石圈地幔的特征 ,又具有大洋俯冲地幔的特征 ,它是古老岩石圈地幔向大洋岩石圈地幔转换的一部分 ,这种转换可能是大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

华北地台和秦岭—大别—苏鲁造山带的中生代花岗岩与深部地球动力学过程   总被引：38，自引：5，他引：38  

洪大卫  王涛  童英  王晓霞 《地学前缘》2003,10(3):231-256

近年来的研究证实 ,华北地台和大别—苏鲁造山带的中生代花岗岩与同时代的镁铁质超镁铁质岩有类似的Sr、Nd同位素特点 ,许多花岗岩和火山岩还具有类似埃达克岩的地球化学性质。在此基础上 ,根据现已积累的大量Sr、Nd同位素资料 ,从整个华北地台岩石圈的角度论证了中生代岩石圈地幔富集的性质、富集地幔发生的时代及其形成机制 ,进而探讨了岩浆活动的动力学机制 ,指出本区岩石圈富集地幔的形成是在Pangea超大陆裂解时岩石圈大规模拆沉减薄 ,被拆沉的太古宙古老地壳重循环进入地幔改变了地幔成分所致 ,说明超大陆裂解、岩石圈大规模拆沉减薄和富集地幔形成之间有密切的成因联系 ,超大陆裂解伴随着大陆地壳生长和消亡 (重循环 )的大体平衡。结合全球地震层析资料 ,进一步探讨了由俯冲大洋残片转化的下地壳同古老克拉通地壳物质在花岗岩源区中的重要意义。  相似文献   

Anelastic structure of the upper mantle beneath the northern Philippine Sea     

Azusa Shito  Takuo Shibutan 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,140(4):319-329

We investigated the upper mantle anelastic structure beneath the northern Philippine Sea region, including the Izu-Bonin subduction zone and the Shikoku Basin. We used regional waveform data from 69 events in the Pacific and the Philippine Sea slabs, recorded on F-net and J-array network broadband stations in western Japan. Using the S–P phase pair method, we obtained differential attenuation factors, δt^*, which represent the relative whole path Q. We conducted a tomographic inversion using 978 δt^* values to invert for a fine-scale (50–100 km) three-dimensional anelastic structure.

The results shows two high-Q regions (Q_P>1000) which are consistent with the locations of the Pacific and the Philippine Sea slabs. Also there is a low-Q (Q_P110) area extending to the deeper parts (350–400 km) of the model just beneath the old spreading center and the Kinan Seamount Chain in the Shikoku Basin. A small depth dependence of the laterally averaged Q_P was found, with values of 266 (0–250 km), 301 (250–400 km), and 413 (400–500 km).  相似文献   

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王椿镛  韩渭宾  吴建平  楼海  白志明 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(3):237-250

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.  相似文献   

New unspiked K–Ar ages of volcanic rocks of the central and western sector of the Aeolian Islands: reconstruction of the volcanic stages     

Rosanna De Rosa  Herv Guillou  Roberto Mazzuoli  Guido Ventura 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(3-4):161-178

A geochronological study of the Filicudi, Salina, Lipari and Vulcano Islands (Aeolian Archipelago) using the unspiked potassium–argon technique provides new age data which, combined with stratigraphic correlation, better constrain the temporal evolution of volcanism. The unspiked K–Ar age of the oldest exposed lavas on Filicudi, 219±5 ka, is significantly younger than the previous estimation of 1.02 Ma. In the general context of Aeolian volcanism, this new date suggests that the volcanism of the western sector of the Aeolian Archipelago is younger than previously thought. Geochronological data point out on the rapid transition from calc–alkaline to potassic volcanism. The distribution of the K–Ar ages within the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano group shows that the volcanism started on Lipari and propagated over time northward on Salina and southward on Vulcano. Geochronological and geophysical data suggest that the onset of volcanism in the central sector of the Aeolian Arc may be due to a mantle upwelling structure located below Lipari. A change in the style of the eruptions occurred in the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano system at about 100 ka from the present. Low-energy magmatic eruptions occurred between 188 and about 100 ka. From about 100 ka to the present, higher-energy eruptions and low-energy events due to magma–water interaction also occurred. This change in the style of activity, together with the appearance of evolved products (i.e. rhyolites) during the last 50 ka, is consistent with the formation of magmatic reservoirs located at shallower depth with respect to those of the 188–100-ka period. The new geochronological data and available petrological models reveal that a change in the deep source of the primary magmas occurred in a relatively short time interval.  相似文献   

Seismic scattering at the top of the mantle Transition Zone     

H. Thybo  L. Nielsen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(3):259-269

We document strong seismic scattering from around the top of the mantle Transition Zone in all available high resolution explosion seismic profiles from Siberia and North America. This seismic reflectivity from around the 410 km discontinuity indicates the presence of pronounced heterogeneity in the depth interval between 320 and 450 km in the Earth’s mantle. We model the seismic observations by heterogeneity in the form of random seismic scatterers with typical scale lengths of kilometre size (10-40 km by 2-10 km) in a 100-140 km thick depth interval. The observed heterogeneity may be explained by changes in the depths to the α-β-γ spinel transformations caused by an unexpectedly high iron content at the top of the mantle Transition Zone. The phase transformation of pyroxenes into the garnet mineral majorite probably also contributes to the reflectivity, mainly below a depth of 400 km, whereas we find it unlikely that the presence of water or partial melt is the main cause of the observed strong seismic reflectivity. Subducted oceanic slabs that equilibrated at the top of the Transition Zone may also contribute to the observed reflectivity. If this is the main cause of the reflectivity, a substantial amount of young oceanic lithosphere has been subducted under Siberia and North America during their geologic evolution. Subducted slabs may have initiated metamorphic reactions in the original mantle rocks.  相似文献