Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan     

Xiaobin Li  Mingpei Jin  Ya Huang  Wenjian Cha  Jun Wang  Sihai Li 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100061

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.  相似文献   

甘肃厂坝-李家沟超大型铅锌矿床成矿金属来源——来自闪锌矿原位S-Pb和Zn同位素证据     

魏然  王义天  胡乔青  黄诗康  窦平  胡文荣 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):722-740

甘肃厂坝-李家沟铅锌矿床位于西秦岭多金属成矿带内的西成矿集区,为矿集区内重要的超大型铅锌矿床。矿体赋存在中泥盆统安家岔组的白云石化大理岩及石英片岩中,其成因认识一直存在争议,主要分歧集中在是同生还是后生。文章对不同成矿阶段的闪锌矿,采用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)测定Zn同位素组成、采用激光剥蚀-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)原位微区分析技术测定S、Pb同位素组成,示踪成矿物质来源,并分析矿物沉淀机制,为深入理解矿床成因提供新的精细证据。研究结果显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个成矿阶段闪锌矿的δ⁶⁶Zn分别为0.08‰~0.29‰,平均0.20‰;0.19‰~0.37‰,平均0.30‰;0.36‰~0.37‰,平均0.37‰。其中,Ⅰ阶段的闪锌矿δ³⁴S_Ⅰ值为20.9‰~26.1‰,平均24.4‰;Ⅱ阶段的闪锌矿δ³⁴S_Ⅱ值为12.2‰~21.9‰,平均19.1‰;Ⅲ阶段的闪锌矿δ³⁴S_Ⅲ值为18.2‰~24.7‰,平均21.5‰。3个阶段的矿石矿物Pb同位素组成变化不大,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.922~18.013,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.567~15.647,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为37.990~38.266。δ⁶⁶Zn同位素值显示,成矿金属早期来源于围岩海相碳酸盐岩,由于混合了岩浆热液或者是瑞利分馏作用,在成矿作用中后期δ⁶⁶Zn同位素逐渐上升。δ³⁴S同位素值显示,早期硫源主要为地层中的硫酸盐,中后期的δ³⁴S同位素值降低,可能是成矿流体中岩浆热液中的S^2-成分逐渐增多导致,闪锌矿为硫酸盐通过TSR反应沉淀成矿。Pb同位素指示成矿物质来源于上地壳,并混入了部分古老的变质基底的成分。笔者研究发现,厂坝-李家沟铅锌矿的成矿机制为不同来源的流体混合,随着pH值、成矿流体的温度发生变化而沉淀成矿。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组甜点页岩油微观赋存特征及成因机制     

刘金  王剑  张晓刚  尚玲  王桂君  艾尼·阿不都热依木 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022010008-2022010008

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔页岩油是中国典型的陆相页岩油。通过场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦、纳米CT、核磁共振等实验技术联合对微纳米孔隙中页岩油赋存特征进行研究,结果表明甜点储层具有纳米—亚微米—微米全尺度含油特征。在微纳米尺度,油、水赋存特征表现为重质组分油附着于2~5 μm以上孔隙的孔壁及充填于2~5 μm以下的孔隙中,中质组分油赋存于2~5 μm以上孔隙的中央,孔隙水含量较少,呈孤立状赋存于2~5 μm以上孔隙的中央,并被中质组分油包裹。页岩油在微纳米孔隙中的赋存不仅受生烃超压充注控制,还受吸附作用及多期次成藏影响。孔隙表面润湿性由亲水润湿反转为亲油润湿是烃类发生吸附的主要原因,多期次成藏造成微纳米孔隙中油质差异及高的含油饱和度。早期生烃超压充注进储层的重质组分油在孔隙表面亲油润湿下吸附于孔隙表面,随着吸附层变厚,纳米级孔隙逐渐被充满,孔隙水被驱替到较大的孔隙中间;后期成熟的中质组分油以此方式进一步充注和调整。研究认为埋深较大的凹陷西部是有利勘探方向。微纳米孔隙中的重质组分油是未来页岩油提高采收率的方向。吉木萨尔页岩油微观赋存特征及成因机制可能具有普遍性,对于中国陆相页岩油的深入研究具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

地球早期大陆地壳的形成与演化     

樊海龙  杨高学  郭建明  马雪云  刘翔 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022102002-2022102002

现代地球岩石圈主要由镁铁质上地幔和长英质地壳两个储集层组成,研究大陆地壳的形成和演化对揭示地球早期地质过程和物质循环、厘定板块构造启动时限具有重要意义。冥古宙—始太古代具有更高的地幔潜能温度和地温梯度,岩浆海冷却形成薄的原始地壳;大洋岩石圈表现为韧性,主要构造机制应为停滞盖层模式,有地幔柱参与。太古宙片麻岩中奥长花岗岩—英云闪长岩—花岗闪长岩（TTG）的出现标志着镁铁质原始地壳向长英质陆壳转变的开始。本文总结了地球早期停滞盖层模式到现代板块构造模式下含水玄武岩部分熔融、结晶分异形成大陆地壳的过程,主要包含幔源岩浆停滞盖层（“自下而上”的热管火山岩和“自上而下”的深成侵入岩构造模式）、增厚镁铁质地壳部分熔融、俯冲洋壳、岛弧及洋底高原部分熔融模式;陆壳的破坏和消减主要受陨石撞击、分层沉降、重力不稳导致拆沉控制;板块构造的出现进一步促进了地球内部的热量扩散,俯冲作用加快了洋壳和陆壳之间的物质循环。最后,结合太古宙变质岩、古老克拉通岩石学特征和锆石Hf、O及全岩Nd、Sr、Ar、Ti同位素组成,讨论了陆壳的形成时间和演化过程： 3.0 Ga之前形成了现有陆壳体积的60%~70%,厚度约为20~40 km;3.0~2.5 Ga,地壳改造速率明显增加,陆壳生长和破坏速率达到动态平衡,表明全球性现代板块构造体制逐渐成为控制大陆形成、裂解和陆壳演化的主要因素。  相似文献   

四川甘洛县尔呷地吉铅锌矿床滑覆构造特征及其控矿作用     

李阳 《地质与勘探》2022,58(4):740-755

四川甘洛县尔呷地吉铅锌矿床位于甘洛-小江断裂带中的马拉哈断裂西侧,构造复杂,不仅有褶皱、断裂构造,还有滑覆构造。为指导该地区深部找矿,在分析区域地质构造背景和矿床地质构造特征的基础上,重点研究了尔呷地吉铅锌矿床滑覆构造的特征及其控矿作用。通过大量地质剖面对比分析研究,提出了该滑覆构造为燕山晚期形成,其滑覆运动驱动力是受其东侧苏雄背斜抬升隆起后,在重力作用下向下滑动而形成,其后又遭受区域马拉哈断裂复活挤压抬升及左旋剪切作用的改造,先后又形成了沙岱向斜及一组由北北西-南南东转向南东东的弧形断裂。滑覆构造和其后的沙岱向斜及其派生构造控制了铅锌矿体的形成、定位和空间分布规律。通过对其南侧苏雄向斜构造格架的对比分析和区内马拉哈倒转褶皱特征及控矿条件分析,构建该区找矿预测地质模型,提出了滑覆构造中下伏系统和马拉哈倒转向斜核部将是今后甘洛铅锌成矿带深部勘查有利部位。  相似文献   

江西城门山铜矿床伴生稀散金属矿化特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD     

高任 《地质与勘探》2022,58(3):514-531

江西城门山铜矿床通过开展深边部找矿勘查,发现其探明的伴生稀散金属资源量达到大型甚至超大型规模,其中碲、铊、镉、硒等稀散金属已综合回收利用,但研究程度还很低。本文收集整理城门山矿床的编录及化验资料,总结该矿床稀散金属的矿化特征和空间分布规律,并探讨稀散金属富集机理和控制因素。结果表明,城门山矿床的稀散元素多倾向于富集在似层状硫化物型矿石中,赋存状态以独立稀散金属矿物和赋存于黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿等硫化物晶格为主,具有随金属硫化物总量变化而变化的空间分带特征。矿石中的w(Cd)与w(Zn)具明显的正相关性(R^(2)=0.65),其他稀散元素的含量与Cu多呈弱正相关性。本文提出碲与铊与似层状硫化物矿石密切相关,镉的超常富集主要与锌的成矿作用有关,它们在热液流体萃取、运移、沉淀过程中元素分离相对较少,岩浆结晶分异导致热液流体中铟含量降低,铼主要赋存在辉钼矿中,与幔源物质参与密切相关。同时,还建立了城门山含稀散金属铜矿床的成矿模式。  相似文献   

●●以下文章网络预出版（在线出版）于2022年12月20日，预计刊于《地质论评》2023年第69卷第1期(2023年1月15日发行纸质版）或2023年第69卷第2期（2023年3月15日发行纸质版）     

朱炜  张艳  韩润生  王磊  佘敏  魏平堂 《地质论评》2022,68(6):2022112011-2022112012

元素富集机制的研究是重现成矿过程和查明成矿机制的基础,有助于深化对矿床的认识,为找矿提供理论依据。本文总结了近年来关于铅锌元素的迁移与沉淀机制的研究及其应用,包括3种铅锌迁移沉淀模式,4种含铅锌流体驱动模式,铅锌的迁移形式及其沉淀机制;同时简述了我国高温高压实验的发展历程以及4种高温高压模拟实验方法。重点介绍了4种高温高压实验模拟方法及其研究现状：① 高压釜实验;② 热液金刚石压腔—激光拉曼实验;③ 熔融毛细硅管—激光拉曼实验;④ 计算机模拟实验。从封闭—平衡—静止到（半）开放—非平衡—流动、淬火分析到原位观察,应是今后高温高压实验的发展方向。以地质特征为基础,采用高温高压成岩成矿模拟实验结合计算机模拟,精细刻画成矿过程并揭示元素富集机制不仅是解决实际地质问题的有效手段,更是很长一段时间内要为之努力的方向。  相似文献   

冻融循环作用下木质素磺酸钙改良黄土的力学特性研究     

黄雨灵  张吾渝  季港澳  解邦龙  董超凡 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1863-1874

木质素磺酸钙作为一种绿色环保的改良材料,近年来被应用于土体加固领域。为探究木质素磺酸钙对黄土的固化效果,通过开展侧限浸水压缩试验、冻融循环试验、不固结不排水三轴剪切试验、扫描电镜试验和X射线衍射试验,分析冻融循环次数、掺量和围压对木质素磺酸钙改良黄土力学性质和微观机理的影响规律。研究结果表明：掺入木质素磺酸钙,可有效消除黄土的湿陷性。此外,改良黄土的应力-应变曲线随木质素磺酸钙掺量的增加向一般硬化型转变,而随着冻融循环次数的增加,应力-应变曲线向弱硬化型转变。改良黄土的破坏强度随木质素磺酸钙掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,木质素磺酸钙掺量为1%时破坏强度最高,各掺量改良黄土随冻融循环次数的增加先减小后趋于稳定,同时抗剪强度指标呈现下降的趋势。通过扫描电镜试验和X射线衍射试验,发现改良黄土内部有胶结物生成并填充了土颗粒间的孔隙,使土体密实度提高,进而提高土体强度;而冻融作用导致土颗粒的接触方式由面-面接触向点-点、点-面接触过渡。此外,木质素磺酸钙改良黄土中未发现有新的矿物成分生成,且冻融作用未造成土体矿物成分的消解。  相似文献   

Numerical analyses of uplift behavior of pile foundation for transmission line structure in frozen soil regions北大核心CSCD     

袁俊  赵杰  唐冲  甘仁钧 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1842-1852

Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

山地冰川演化与冰湖发育相互作用机制北大核心CSCD     

王琼  王欣  雷东钰  殷永胜  魏俊锋  张勇 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):1041-1052

冰川-冰湖耦合过程是冰冻圈物质与能量循环的重要组成部分,系统刻画冰川演化与冰湖发育过程的相互作用机制,对于完善冰冻圈科学理论体系和认知冰川作用区变化规律、水循环模式和灾害效应具有重要意义。本文立足山地冰川演化和冰湖发育过程,系统归纳了冰川-冰湖相互作用研究进展,剖析了冰川作用与冰湖发育耦合机制及相关模型的应用,并对现有冰川演化与冰湖发育过程耦合机制研究存在的不足与挑战进行解析和总结。冰川-冰湖耦合过程的深入研究有助于提高数值模拟的可信度与精度,为评估冰川-冰湖耦合过程影响、建立灾害监测预警体系和采取适应性措施提供数据与理论基础。  相似文献