基于WASP模型的太湖流域上游茅山地区典型乡村流域水质模拟     

陈文君  段伟利  贺斌  陈雯 《湖泊科学》2017,29(4):836-847

池塘、河渠、水库是乡村流域水环境的重要组成.基于WASP模型,综合运用现场调查、GIS空间分析、污染负荷估算等方法,构建茅山地区李塔陈庄乡村流域的水质模拟模型.结果表明,主要水质指标的污染程度从高至低依次为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸盐指数、氨氮.TN全年在不同水体中达到劣Ⅴ类的比例在52%~100%,而池塘、河渠的污染程度较为接近.夏、冬季,超过TP劣Ⅴ类限值的河渠占2%~6%,池塘占8%~14%,而流域中部乡村周边的池塘明显更为严重.负荷输入是模型主要不确定性因素,细化种植模式能够提高总体模拟效果,而禽畜散养与农村生活造成的污染则分别对池塘、河渠的水质影响更为明显.本研究建立了乡村流域多种水体在面源污染影响下的水质联系,能够为乡村水环境治理提供决策参考.  相似文献   

A tribute to Edward Perry Glenn (1947–2017), who created a legacy of environmental assessment and applications within hydrological processes     

Pamela L. Nagler  Matthew K. Chew  Kevin Fitzsimmons  Charles van Riper III 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14173

This issue of Hydrological Processes is dedicated to Dr. Edward P. Glenn, a frequent contributor to the journal, who suddenly passed away in late 2017. The articles within this volume are by a number of his former co-authors and others who have been greatly influenced by his professional work on hydrological processes.  相似文献   

Water‐level dynamics in natural and artificial pools in blanket peatlands          下载免费PDF全文

Joseph Holden  Catherine S. Moody  T. Edward Turner  Rebecca McKenzie  Andy J. Baird  Mike F. Billett  Pippa J. Chapman  Kerry J. Dinsmore  Richard P. Grayson  Roxane Andersen  Clare Gee  Gemma Dooling 《水文研究》2018,32(4):550-561

Perennial pools are common natural features of peatlands, and their hydrological functioning and turnover may be important for carbon fluxes, aquatic ecology, and downstream water quality. Peatland restoration methods such as ditch blocking result in many new pools. However, little is known about the hydrological function of either pool type. We monitored six natural and six artificial pools on a Scottish blanket peatland. Pool water levels were more variable in all seasons in artificial pools having greater water level increases and faster recession responses to storms than natural pools. Pools overflowed by a median of 9 and 54 times pool volume per year for natural and artificial pools, respectively, but this varied widely because some large pools had small upslope catchments and vice versa. Mean peat water‐table depths were similar between natural and artificial pool sites but much more variable over time at the artificial pool site, possibly due to a lower bulk specific yield across this site. Pool levels and pool‐level fluctuations were not the same as those of local water tables in the adjacent peat. Pool‐level time series were much smoother, with more damped rainfall or recession responses than those for peat water tables. There were strong hydraulic gradients between the peat and pools, with absolute water tables often being 20–30 cm higher or lower than water levels in pools only 1–4 m away. However, as peat hydraulic conductivity was very low (median of 1.5 × 10^?5 and 1.4 × 10^?6 cm s^?1 at 30 and 50 cm depths at the natural pool site), there was little deep subsurface flow interaction. We conclude that (a) for peat restoration projects, a larger total pool surface area is likely to result in smaller flood peaks downstream, at least during summer months, because peatland bulk specific yield will be greater; and (b) surface and near‐surface connectivity during storm events and topographic context, rather than pool size alone, must be taken into account in future peatland pool and stream chemistry studies.  相似文献   

New Zealand xenophyophores: Upper bathyal distribution,photographs of growth position,and a new species     

O. S. Tendal  K. B. Lewis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):197-203

Xenophyophores are a group of giant, but extremely fragile, rhizopod protozoans generally found at lower bathyal or abyssal depths. Recent dredge samples and photographs suggest that there is a largely endemic fauna of xenophyophores with anastomosing branches living at upper bathyal depths around New Zealand. Their distribution may be related to the layer of Antarctic Intermediate water that bathes the upper slope of the New Zealand Plateau.

Photographs of the seafloor at depths of 800–1300 m on the Lord Howe Rise show hemispherical masses, 5 cm across, of which the majority appear to be Syringammina tasmanensis Lewis, 1966 and at least one specimen may be Reticulammina lamellata Tendal, 1972. The photographs indicate that these species live on the seabed, not beneath it, that they are probably filter feeders and that they can reach a density of about one specimen per square metre.

A new species, Reticulammina maini, is described from the continental slope east of Auckland. A key to the New Zealand species of xenophyophore is presented.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖系统的水质理化状况     

申玉春熊邦喜  叶富良操玉涛 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(1):16-21

对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明，养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高，中后期较低；虾池pH变化在7．89-9．02之间，变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高，变化范围分别为18．5—162．3mCL和3．52-14．58mg／L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大。无机氮的数量变化在0．206—1．621mg/L之间，含量逐渐升高，磷酸盐数量变化在0．009-0．067mg／L之间，含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高，平均为62．7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。  相似文献   

Variability of dry sediment bulk density between and within retention ponds and its impact on the calculation of sediment yields     

Gert Verstraeten  Jean Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(4):375-394

Monitoring sediment yields from catchments is important for assessing overall denudation rates and the impact of environmental change. One of the methods used to assess sediment yield is by quantifying sedimentation rates in reservoirs, lakes or small ponds. Before reliable sediment yield values (t ha^?1 a^?1) can be computed from such sedimentation records, the measured sediment volumes need to be converted to sediment masses using representative values of the dry sediment bulk density. In textbooks, simple relations predicting dry sediment bulk density from sediment texture, time since deposition and hydrologic condition are presented. In this study, 13 small flood retention ponds in central Belgium were sampled to reveal the variability in dry sediment bulk density and to test the commonly used relations to predict dry sediment bulk density. Dry sediment bulk density varies not only between the selected ponds (0·78–1·35 t m^?3) but also within individual ponds (coefficient of variation at 95 per cent ranges from 7 to 80 per cent). The observed variability can be attributed primarily to the hydrologic condition of the retention pond and, also, to sediment texture. The existing relations are not a reliable predictor for the observed dry bulk densities, because they are primarily based on sediment texture. Thus, when using volumetric sedimentation data from small ponds with varying hydrologic condition to predict sediment yield, existing relations predicting dry sediment bulk density cannot be applied. Instead, frequent and dense sampling of sediments is necessary to calculate a representative value of the dry sediment bulk density. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

红鳍笛鲷池塘人工育苗技术初步研究     

郑乐云 《台湾海峡》2003,22(2):187-191

本文报道了在海水池搪进行红鳍笛鲷人工育苗的实验结果．实验水温为26～32℃，盐度为25～31，经过33～35d的培育，3口池塘鱼的苗平均全长分别为35．3、32．3、28．5mm，成活率分别为16．7％、18．1％、7．8％．本文还对仔鱼的放养密度、生长状况、饵料系列以及池塘中主要生物饵料密度变化作了较为详细的阐述。  相似文献   

水质对虾池附着性纤毛虫数量变动的影响     

胡超群  曹登宫 《热带海洋学报》1996,(3)

研究了中国对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ育苗池和养成池１１项水质参数（温度、盐度、ｐＨ、溶解氧和化学需氧量、硫化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、磷酸盐及硅酸盐浓度）对虾池附着性纤毛虫的附着速率和对虾体表附着性纤毛虫附着量变动的影响。相关分析结果表明，虾池附着性纤毛虫的附着速率（Ｒ）与虾池化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）之间存在着直线正相关关系：在育苗池内，Ｒ１＝０．００２＋０．２６０ＣＯＤ（ｒ＝０．７１１，ｐ＜０．０５），在养成池，Ｒ２＝０．５５３＋０．０９８ＣＯＤ（ｒ＝０．６６８，ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｒ与水质其他因子之间未发现有明显的相关关系。对虾体表纤毛虫的附着量（Ｍ）与虾池纤毛虫的附着速率（Ｒ）之间存在着指数正相关关系：在育苗池，Ｍ＝０．５１２ｅ４．０１Ｒ（ｒ＝０．６９２，ｐ＜０．０５）；在养成池，Ｍ＝０．４０９ｅ８．２１Ｒ（ｒ＝０．６７１，ｐ＜０．０５）。说明虾池附着性纤毛虫的附着速率和对虾体表纤毛虫附着量的变动主要取决于虾池ＣＯＤ含量的变化。  相似文献   

浮萍和水花生降盐碱的效果及其对水质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

申屠青春  董双林  赵文  张兆琪  张美昭 《海洋湖沼通报》2001,(1):47-55

于1998年7－8月间选取山东省高青县赵店乡大芦湖养殖内一口盐碱池塘的池水为试验用水，引进浮萍与水花生研究其降盐降碱作用以及它们对化学、生物因子的影响。结果表明：水花生没有明显的降盐碱作用；浮萍的降盐效果也不明显，但其降碱效果明显。同时会引起水体中中钙离子浓度下降和pH值的升高。另外，它们降低了水体中营养盐浓度和浮游植物生物量，但对浮游生物的多样性影响不大。  相似文献   

高位虾池底质重金属富集特性及污染、生态风险评价     

王子爱  唐少霞  傅雨萱  郑苗  吴丹  陈珂珂  戴文博 《热带地理》2021,41(1):136-146

为研究高位虾池养殖导致的环境影响,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS（Agilent7700x型）对海口市东营镇3种类型养殖虾池及其外围沟渠底质中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb质量分数进行检测,用Vario TOC对底质中的TN（总氮）和TOC（有机碳）质量分数进行检测,并对所检测的数值采用单因子污染指数、地积累指数和综合潜在生态风险指数等方法进行分析及评价。结果表明：1）未清洗的虾池底质重金属质量分数呈现L1层向L4层明显递增的规律;2）虾池L1层底质中Cd呈现明显的累积（污染）现象,其质量分数是海南省土壤背景值5.47~35.18倍;3）地积累指数（I_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{o}}）的评价表明,各样地底质中均有2种及以上重金属达到轻度—中等及以上污染程度;4）综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）结果表明,底质RI范围值为176.97~1 090.87,各样地综合潜在生态风险程度均达到中等及以上生态风险,其中Cd是主要的贡献因子;5）Pearson相关分析显示,虾池底质中的饵料残留物及对虾排泄物所含的Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、TOC相互之间具有极显著相关性,相关系数高达0.9以上,表明农户所使用的饵料不同程度地含有以上重金属,同时有机碳是影响底质中重金属富集的重要因素。  相似文献