1996-2005年中国沿海地区土地利用转换时空分析   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

刘彦随  王丽娟  龙花楼 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(3)

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transforma- tional development and investigations on the spot, this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade, with the aid of GIS technology. Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows: (1) the arable land had been continuously de- creasing from 1996 to 2005, with a loss of 1,708,700 hm2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm2 per year; (2) land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm2, with an average increment of 153,200 hm2 per year; (3) total area of encroachment on arable land for con- struction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm2, accounting for 34.03% of the arable land loss in the same period, the percentages of which used for industrial land (INL), trans- portation land (TRL), rural construction land (RUL) and town construction land (TOL) are 45.03%, 15.8%, 15.47% and 11.5%, respectively; and (4) the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation's macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy. The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures, rural urbanization and expansion of rural set- tlements in the eastern coastal area, and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.  相似文献   

TI介质各向异性速度多参数分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘彦  陈赟  王者顺 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(2):540-544

本文采用横向各向同性（TI）介质弹性参数的Anderson表征方式,利用小偏移距同类反射波或转换波信息重建纵横波速,以中长排列同类反射波或转换反射波信息重建各向异性因子图像,分步进行深度域TI介质中P、SV波多参数各向异性速度分析,以理论模型验证了方法的可行性.最后给出宽角反射PP与SS波折合剖面的速度与各向异性因子解释结果.  相似文献   

1990-2005年广州城市土地覆被景观变化   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

龚建周  刘彦随  夏北成 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(2):213-224

Urbanization has been the most important process that changed land cover landscape in Guangzhou since reformation, especially since 1990. It is essential for monitoring and assessing ecological consequences of urbanization to understand landscape quantitative characteristics and its changes. Based on four land-cover type maps interpreted from remote sensing TM images of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics, the quantified spatial pattern and its dynamics of urbanization in Guangzhou was got. Three landscape metrics were computed within different regional areas including the whole study area, two transects along two highways (one N-S and the other W-E) and radiation zones with equal distance outwards the city center were set. Buffer zones for transects N-S and W-E were outlined along highways. The following questions should be answered in this paper: What responses were implied with changing spatial grain size or extent for landscape pattern analysis? Could gradient progress of urbanization be characterized by landscape pattern analysis? Did landscape metrics reveal urban expanding gradually? Were there directional differences in land cover landscape pattern during urbanizing development? The results gave some affirmative answers. Landscape pattern exhibited obviously scale-dependent to grain size and extent. The landscape metrics with gradient analysis could quantitatively approach spatial pattern of urbanization. A precise location for urbanized area, like city center and sub-center, could be identified by multiple landscape metrics. Multiple adjunctive centers occurred as indicated by analysis of radiation zones around the city center. Directional differences of landscape pattern along the two transects (N-S and W-E) came into being. For example, fragmentation of landscape in the transect W-E was obviously higher than that in the transect N-S. All in all, some interesting and important ecological implications were revealed under landscape patterns of two transects or radiation zones, and that was the important step to link pattern with processes in urban ecological studies and the basis to improve urban environment.  相似文献   

农业地理与乡村发展研究新近进展   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

龙花楼  刘彦随  张小林  乔家君 《地理学报》2014,69(8):1145-1158

本文首先总结了近年来国际上农业地理与乡村发展研究进展,涉及研究的领域、理论和方法及其发展趋势,随后回顾了中华人民共和国成立以来中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的研究进展、取得的重要成果及其在农业与农村发展决策实践中的应用。中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的研究进展归纳为研究成果、新方法与新技术应用、主要成果和项目影响及决策服务应用等方面。其中研究成果主要包括：① 农业与乡村地理学综合研究;② 乡村转型发展与重构;③ 新农村建设综合研究;④ 城镇化、农村空心化与空心村整治;⑤ 中心村与专业村建设;⑥ 城乡发展一体化与等值化;⑦ 区域农业与乡村发展研究;⑧ 研究成果的系统化与国际化。最后,通过比较国内外相关领域的研究进展,联系中国实际,展望了未来中国农业与乡村地理学研究。  相似文献   

STUDY ON THE MAIN CLIMATE MODES OF SHANDONG PRECIPITATION AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE EAST ASIAN WESTERLY JET   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于群  吴炜  周发琇  王启  刘彦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(1):72-80

Summer precipitation patterns of Shandong Province are relatively independent with regard to the whole eastern China region.To study the rules and causes of precipitation variations,three main climate modes-on the annual,seasonal,and climatic intra-seasonal oscillation(CISO) scales-are extracted using a harmonic analysis method based on daily precipitation of Shandong during 1965-2009 and multi-year averaged pentad precipitation at 722 stations in China during 1971-2000.Among the three precipitation climate modes,the annual mode is closely related to the annual cycle of Earth-Atmosphere thermal system,which is characterized by the periodic dry and wet seasons.The seasonal mode reflects the monsoon effect on precipitation and the main flood season’s contribution to annual precipitation variations.As an important climatic signal,the CISO mode is more evident during summer monsoon.The gradual modulations of the CISO mode,seasonal mode,and annual mode control the annual variation of precipitation.To study the relationship between precipitation climate modes and atmospheric circulations,an East Asian Westerly Jet Index(EAWJI) is defined in this paper.It is revealed that precipitation of Shandong is closely related to EAWJI in all climate modes.A wet or dry phase of each climate mode corresponds to a specific atmospheric circulation pattern.The phase of the annual mode is reverse to that of EAWJI.During the wet phase of the seasonal mode(weak phase of EAWJI),the atmospheric circulation in and around Shandong is characterized by upper-level divergence and low-level convergence.A reversed atmospheric circulation exists for the dry phase(strong phase for EAWJI).In the summer wet phase of CISO mode(strong phase of EAWJI),Shandong is controlled by upper-level divergence and low-level convergence.Again,the dry phase is corresponding to a reversed circulation structure.The methodology employed in this research,i.e.studying the precipitation climatic variations in terms of independent components of different temporal scales,provides a new approach for annual and seasonal precipitation prediction.  相似文献   

论我国草原牧区畜牧业与乡村发展   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

陈玉福  刘彦随  阎建苹 《地理科学进展》2005,24(3):17-24

草原牧区是我国农业生产的一个特殊区域,其地理位置和自然条件赋予它独特的资源优势。然而,严重的草原荒漠化,致使本区生态环境恶化,社会经济发展受阻。在经济全球化和人地矛盾突出的新形势下,深入探讨我国草原牧区人与自然、经济与社会协调发展途径,势在必行。基于对草原牧区功能、现状与困境分析,提出了牧区畜牧业与乡村发展须依托本地自然、人力和文化资源优势。以市场培育、管理规范、人才培养和基础设施等政府政策服务系统建设为支撑,重点发展优质绿色畜牧业和草原生态旅游业两大支柱产业,并以此带动源头与下游产业发展,从而实现牧民增收、畜牧业增效和乡村持续发展的目标。  相似文献   

基于模型降阶的贝叶斯方法在三维重力反演中的实践          下载免费PDF全文

刘彦  吕庆田  李晓斌  祁光  赵金花  严加永  邓震 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4727-4739

三维重力反演是地质工作者了解地球深部构造,认知地下结构的重要手段.按照反演单元划分,三维重力反演有离散多面体(Discrete)反演和网格节点(Voxels)反演两种方式.离散多面体反演由于易于吸收先验地质信息得到的理论场能够很好地拟合观测场,因此,在实际重力反演中更受欢迎.目前离散多面体重力反演中初始模型的建立方法繁杂不一,实际应用受到很大的限制.本文本着充分挖掘利用先验信息和重力观测数据得到丰富可靠的反演结果这一原则,以离散多面体反演技术为基础,改进建模过程.在初始模型的建立中,吸收贝叶斯算法优势,采用隐马尔科夫链改善朴素贝叶斯方法的分类效果,通过最大似然函数算法求解,再采取模型降阶技术,固定所建模型中几何体的形态或密度,达到在几何体形态(x,y,z)、密度(σ)和重力值(g)五个参数中降低维数目的,从而减小高维不确定性和正演的计算量,由此反演计算的地质体密度和分布范围相对更准确,更利于重现重力模型结构.通过单位球体和任意形态几何体模拟实验,以及安徽省泥河矿区三维重力反演实践,得到非常接近实际的密度或重力值,大幅提高了三维重力反演的精度和效率,说明该方法是有效、实用的.  相似文献   

基于小波多尺度变换的渭河水沙演变规律研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓琼  刘彦随  李同昇  孟欢欢  于正松  芮旸 《地理科学》2015,35(2):210-216

关中平原地区是推动陕西省经济社会发展的引擎,其生产总值占陕西省的70%以上,但是水资源短缺、时空分布不均、河流含沙量高等问题严重制约其经济社会的发展。运用小波变换、滑动t检验、累积距平以及Yamamoto、Mann-Kendall等方法系统分析了1935-2011年渭河水沙序列演变规律。研究结果显示：77 a间除20世纪70年代、80年代外,其它年代渭河华县站水沙变化波动下降的匹配趋势均一致,其中径流量减流速度大于输沙量减沙速度;渭河水沙序列周期变化不一,径流量变化的主周期依次为38 a、14 a、4 a,输沙量变化的主周期依次为15 a、49 a、43 a、4 a;除输沙量49 a变化周期外,其他水沙变化周期大致相近;由于渭河输沙量变化所受气候及人类活动的影响远较径流量复杂,加之水沙异源,所以渭河华县站输沙量周期变化及突变点分布情况比径流量变化复杂,且其第一主周期变化呈现独特的变化态势。  相似文献   

环渤海地区粮食生产地域功能综合评价与优化调控   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

刘玉  刘彦随  郭丽英 《地理科学进展》2010,29(8)

粮食生产地域功能具有显著的空间异质性和时间变异性.深入开展区域粮食生产地域功能的评价分级及动态变化研究有助于强化县域粮食生产功能、保障粮食安全和提高农民收入.本文以环渤海地区327个县域为研究单元,通过构建粮食生产功能指数及考核模型,计算了1990和2007年的指数并分析其变动规律.结果表明:粮食生产地域功能一级区主要分布在辽宁中部平原的北部,太行山山前平原区、海河冲积平原区县域的粮食生产功能次之,山地丘陵区、坝上高原区及人口稠密的市辖区等的粮食生产功能弱.环渤海地区各县粮食生产功能总体呈上升趋势,平原区县域粮食生产功能位显著提高,退耕还林还草等政策实施使山地丘陵区的粮食生产功能逐渐降低,市辖区及周边市县的粮食生产功能位快速F降.基于指数的评价分析,结合区域粮食总产量和区域发展定位,将研究区划分为国家级商品粮基地区、省级商品粮基地区、地级巿商品粮基地区、一般粮食产区等4个类型区.依据各县域的粮食生产功能定位,进一步探讨强化县域粮食生产功能与优化生产要素配置的财政转移支付、区域经济补偿、政绩考核等创新机制和政策.  相似文献   

广州市土地利用结构优化配置及其潜力   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

龚建周  刘彦随  张灵 《地理学报》2010,65(11):1391-1400

基于广州市土地利用结构、地区经济、生态与社会特点,结合广州城市总体规划(2010-2020),对广州市域土地利用结构进行生态经济效益-自然生态效益导向的多目标优化配置研究。结果表明：对广州市土地利用数量结构进行调整,一定时间内能够满足地区可持续发展;但是,土地仍然承担着巨大的压力,焦点是建设用地和农用地之间的数量转变,以耕地为主,也包括对未利用土地的利用;土地利用潜力度模型结果显示,通过优化土地利用结构,土地系统的协调度增大而潜力度减小：在生态经济效益目标下,潜力度分别为0.628～0.661,0.372～0.339;在自然生态效益目标下,分别为0.531～0.782,0.469～0.218,表明土地利用系统将趋于更高的协调状态,而其数量结构优化配置的潜力减小,优化各产业部门内部土地资源结构及其空间布局,将是广州市土地资源高效集约利用和进一步挖潜的主导方向。  相似文献