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81.
全新世气候适宜期黄土高原及黄土/沙漠过渡区年降水量的初步恢复 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
通过黄土高原及其临区104个地点地表土壤磁化率值与当地的现代多年平均降水量的回归分析,建立了磁化率与降水量的转换函数。在遍布黄土高原不同地区典型的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面磁化率测量的基础上,利用所建立的转换函数,初步恢复了全新世气候适宜期,黄土高原及黄土/沙漠过渡区年降水量的分布状况。 相似文献
82.
Landsat ETM/TM data and an artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to analyse the expansion of the city of Xi'an and land use/cover change of its surrounding area between 2000 and 2003. Supervised classification and normalized difference barren index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. Results showed that the urban area increased by an annual rate of 12.3%, with area expansion from 253.37 km2 in 2000 to 358.60 km2 in 2003. Large areas of farmland in the north and southwest were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Xi'an were mainly caused by fast development of urban economy, population migration from countryside, great development of infrastructure such as transportation, and huge demands for urban market. In addition, affected by the government policy of "returning farmland to woodland", some farmland was converted into economic woodland, such as Chinese goosebeery garden, vineyard etc. 相似文献
83.
甘肃第三系红粘土磁学性质初步研究及古气候意义 总被引:19,自引:4,他引:19
研究表明红粘土与黄土-古土壤具有共同的磁性矿物, 即磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿(可能还有褐铁矿); 红粘土的磁化率大小与超细顺磁性颗粒的含量正相关; 它与第四纪的黄土-古土壤相似, 在湿润气候条件下由成壤作用形成的超细铁磁性矿物对于红粘土中古土壤层的磁化率增大有重要的贡献, 并得到了Rb/Sr比值的证实. 尽管红粘土中也发现了磁化率与其成土强度不对应的现象,但总体上看红粘土的磁化率仍不失为一个简便的古气候替代性指标. 根据磁化率曲线, 从红粘土发展到黄土沉积,其间的古气候变化幅度大致等同于阶段5(S1)到阶段2 - 4(L1)的变化幅度, 可能表明第四纪期间风场加强、从源区携带比上新世更多(大约两倍)较粗的弱风化风积物(不含超顺磁性颗粒)到黄土高原. 7.5 Ma以来, 中国北方中部风积红粘土的出现记录了从下伏白垩纪红砂岩到晚第三纪的重要气候转变. 红粘土的发展与白垩纪以来全球干旱化和变冷密切相关, 可能由于当时青藏高原的强烈隆升导致了东亚季风开始或加强, 从而有了红粘土的堆积. 相似文献
84.
85.
陕西旬邑新近系红土剖面粒度组成的古气候意义 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
陕西旬邑下墙新近系红土的粒度组成中,粗颗粒含量在剖面中的变化不大,<2 μm粘土粒含量有较大幅度的波动。结合其他因素分析推断,可能与当时青藏高原已升至有意义高度,冬、夏季风已初步形成,但都较弱,其中夏季风相对强一些,气候以暖湿为主,在暖湿的背景上,还存在凉干与暖湿的交替。在新近系距今 5.2Ma前后,可能有一次较明显的降温与变干。粒度曲线变化最显著的是由新近纪进入第四纪后,曲线上粗颗粒含量明显增加,<2 μ粘土粒含量明显减少,曲线由高频低幅突然变为低频高幅。这很可能主要与青藏高原在第四纪初发生剧烈隆升有关。 相似文献
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87.
The dust source and transporting system are two indispensable aspects in the process of loess-palaeosol accumulation. It has been proved that the dust of the Loess Plateau mainly comes from the northwestern inland gobi and desert, transported by the East Asia monsoon systems and westerlies. However, there are little researches with respect to the dust source and deposition dynamics of the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. In the present study, we investigated and collected the YPC section with high resolution in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. The chronological frame was reconstructed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and correlated with the published loess time series. By comparison of the magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain size (GS) of loess-soil profile among YPC profile, XJN profile (western Loess Plateau) and the JYC profile (southern Loess Plateau), we find similar climate change and pedogenic process between the upper reaches of the Huaihe River and the Loess Plateau, both experienced an extreme dry and the weakest pedogenesis during the last glacial, followed by a transitional episodes from the cold-dry last glacial to the warm-humid mid-Holocene and increased pedogenesis in the early Holocene, then a most humid-warm and strong pedogenesis in the mid-Holocene, and climate deterioration and decreased pedogenesis occurred during the late Holocene. But the MS of loess-soil profile sequences in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was much lower than those in the Loess Plateau, and the GS was much coarser than those in the Loess Plateau. Comparison of GS for these three profiles revealed that there were different dust sources, which belonged to different aeolian transporting systems. The loess in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was a wind blown deposition of near source, while the coarser dust mainly came from loose alluvial deposits of alluvial and proluvial fans of the Yellow River. The yielding and carrying dynamics of the dust in the Huaihe River is the northeast wind prevails in the winter half year. 相似文献
88.
89.
泾洛河流域元代干旱灾害初步研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过对泾洛河流域元代历史资料的搜集、整理和分析,对该时期泾洛河流域干旱灾害等级、干旱灾害事件在时间上的变化及其成因进行了研究。结果表明:泾洛河流域从元代早期(公元1266年)~元代晚期(公元1359年)的94年中,共发生干旱灾害29次,平均每3.2年发生一次;泾洛河流域元代的干旱灾害主要以轻度旱灾为主,占旱灾总数的44.8%,其次是中度旱灾,占旱灾总数的37.9%,特大旱灾的发生频率也较高,占旱灾总数的13.8%,大旱灾发生频率最低,占旱灾总数的3.5%。泾洛河流域旱灾在元代早、中、晚期分布不均匀,从早期到中期再到晚期,干旱灾害呈现出由少变多又变少的趋势。该区旱灾以夏旱最多,春旱次之,春夏连旱与春夏秋冬四季连旱的发生频次也较高,仅次于春旱。降水量的年内分布不均匀是该区在元代发生轻度和中度干旱灾害的主要原因,而气候的异常明显变干是该区在元代中期干旱灾害加剧和大旱灾频繁发生的主要原因。初步认为泾洛河流域元代发生了1次干旱气候事件,时间在1326~1332年。 相似文献
90.