UV-B辐射对叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻光合色素的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘成圣  王悠  于娟  唐学玺 《海洋科学》2002,26(7):5-6

以叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻为材料，采用室内一次性培养的方法研究了UV－B辐射对光合色素（叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素）含量的影响，结果显示，低剂量的UV－B辐射处理对叉鞭金藻的光合色素含量影响不明显，甚至可使光合色素的含量升高；而高剂量的UV－B辐射处理引起叉鞭金藻光合色素含量降低，三角褐指藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量随着UV－B辐射的增强表现出逐渐降低的趋势，说明UV－B辐射增强对海洋微藻光合色素有严重的破坏作用。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤效应的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李扬  唐学玺  于娟  冯蕾 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):109-113

探讨UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤(Schmacheria inopinus,Burckhardt)雌雄成体的致死率、摄食率和滤水率的影响。结果表明,在实验所设定的辐射剂量下,指状许水蚤雄性成体对UV-B辐射的致死率明显高于雌性成体的致死率;UV-B辐射对雄性成体的24h的半数致死剂量(24h.LD50)为5.77kJ/m2,而对雌性成体48h的半数致死剂量(48h.LD50)为5.04kJ/m2。在较低剂量下(0~1.728kJ/m2),UV-B辐射对雌雄成体的摄食率(F)和滤水率(G)都有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

Salicylic acid and heat acclimation pretreatment protects Laminaria japonica sporophyte (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress     

周斌  唐学玺  王悠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(4):924-932

Possible mediatory roles of heat acclimation and salicylic acid in protecting the sporophyte of marine macroalga Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress were studied. Heat stress resulted in oxidative injury in the kelp blades. Under heat stress significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malonaldehyde (MDA), a membrane lipid peroxidation product, and a drastic decrease in chlorophyll a content were recorded. Activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system was drastically affected by heat stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased while peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were greatly inhibited and, simultaneously, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was activated while polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was inhibited. Both heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous application of salicylic acid alleviated oxidative damage in kelp blades. Blades receiving heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous salicylic acid prior to heat stress exhibited a reduced increase in H₂O₂ and MDA content, and a lower reduction in chlorophyll a content. Pretreatment with heat acclimation and salicylic acid elevated activities of SOD, POD, CAT, GPX and PPO. Considering these results collectively, we speculate that the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes is a possible cause of the heat-stress-induced oxidative stress in L. japonica, and enhanced thermotolerance may be associated, at least in part, with the elevated activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system.  相似文献   

有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究：Ⅷ.久效磷对二种海洋微藻的 …   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

唐学玺  李永祺 《海洋通报》1998,17(2):22-27

在久效磷的毒性胁迫下,扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的生长严重地受到了抑制（其７２ｈ半抑制浓度分别为１．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ和９．７４ｍｇ／Ｌ）,藻细胞内自由基产生与清除间的平衡被打破。在自由基过量产生的同时,伴随有核酸和蛋白质含量的降低;与藻细胞清除自由基有关的二种关键性酶－过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性也出现下降趋势,因此,作者认为自由基参加了久效磷对藻细胞的伤害。ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性的降低  相似文献   

久效磷对扁藻碳水化合物和游离氨基酸含量的影响     

唐学玺  张朝阳 《海洋通报》1998,17(5):93-96

久效磷对扁藻的生长有较强的抑制作用,其７２ｈ半抑制剂量（７２ｈ．ＥＣ５０）为１．４９ｍｇ／Ｌ,进一步研究结果表明：（１）久效磷的胁迫处理引起民藻细胞碳水化合物含量的增国,随着胁迫强度的加大和胁迫时间的延长,其含量越来越高;（２）久效磷胁迫下,藻细胞有些游离氨基酸的含量上升,有些下降,有些基本不变,同时氨基酸的总量也发生变化。  相似文献   

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea around Xiaoheishan Island in China     

张智鹏  唐学玺  唐海田  宋静静  周健  刘洪军  王其翔 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,35(1):163-173

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea area around Xiaoheishan Island are investigated in the present study. Xiaoheishan Island is located at 37°58′14″N and 120°38′46″E in Shandong Province, China. A total of 65 species of phytoplankton belonging to three phyla and 27 genera were identified, with Bacillariophyta having the largest number of species. The annual average chlorophyll a concentration for this area was 3.11 μg/L, and there occurs a Skeletonema costatum bloom in winter. The Shannon-Weaver indexes(log_2) of the phytoplankton from all stations were higher than 1, and the Pielou indexes were all higher than 0.3. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that water temperature, PO_4~(3ˉ) and Cu were the environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the distribution of the phytoplankton community throughout the entire year. Although the concentration of heavy metal is well up to the state standards of the first grade of China(GB 3097-1997), these metals still have an impact on the phytoplankton community from this area.  相似文献   

日本蟳精子获取和超低温冷冻保存技术研究     

刘翠玲  邹琰  吴莹莹  王英俊  刘童  宋爱环  唐学玺  刘洪军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(8)

本文比较了胰酶消化法、网搓法和机械研磨法3种方法对获得游离日本蟳精子的效果。对获得的精子进行超低温冷冻保存,用曙红Y进行染色,检测精子的存活率。使用7种不同稀释液、不同浓度的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、甘油(GLY)、1,2-丙二醇(PG)为抗冻保护剂,在6种不同的降温程序下,对日本蟳精子进行超低温冷冻保存,后在不同的温度下解冻复苏精子。实验结果表明:3种精子获取方法中以搓洗法的实验效果最好,胰酶消化法的效果次之,最差的是机械研磨法。其中搓洗法中以500目的筛绢效果最好,精子密度达2.56×10~(13)个/mL。日本蟳精子冷冻保存实验结果表明,稀释液以去钙人工海水、抗冻保护剂以5%DMSO、平衡时间20 min、降温程序P-1(0℃平衡20 min;-5℃/min降至-80℃;-80℃平衡5 min;-20℃/min降至-180℃;然后置于液氮中保存),水浴解冻37.5℃的效果最好,精子存活率最高。  相似文献   

褐藻酸降解菌引起海带病烂的组织学研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

杨震  唐学玺  宫相忠  方芳  吕文涛 《海洋科学》2000,24(12):1-2

多年来 ,科技工作者为解决海带 (Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ)病烂［１］问题作了大量的工作,从中不难看出 ,海带的病烂是由多方面引起的 ,致病的原因也非常复杂 ,其中微生物作用是不可忽视的重要因素之一。陈等１９８１ ,１９８４年通过一系列研究表明 ,褐藻酸降解菌是海带藻体上的主要附生细菌 ,而且在特定条件下参与海带的腐烂过程 ,导致烂苗或掉苗。本实验用褐藻酸降解菌对正常海带进行人为感染 ,通过组织显微切片观察 ,比较感染海带各组织内细胞结构的变化 ,以及感染菌存在的位置、菌量的多少等 ,褐藻酸降解菌对海带组织的…  相似文献   

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition in the northern South China Sea during winter     

翟红昌  宁修仁  唐学玺  郝锵  乐凤凤  乔静 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(2)

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.8...  相似文献   

绿化修剪草与污水厂污泥混合中温厌氧消化的可行性研究     

谢经良  沈晓南  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(1)

对城市绿化修剪草与污水厂污泥消化联合处理的可行性进行了研究.选择了10%,20%,30%,40%和50%共5个修剪草与污泥的干基投加比例,试验结果表明,随着修剪草投加量的增加污泥消化系统的产气率亦随之增加,当修剪草投加比例为50%时,消化系统产气率可达348L/kg.TS,与不加修剪草相比,产气率增幅达到30%,修剪草与污水厂污泥消化联合处理是可行的.  相似文献