葛洲坝库区水土流失治理工程综合效益评价     

梅荣生 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1995,6(1):87-90

  相似文献   

闽东南地区降雨侵蚀力的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

阮伏水 《热带地理》1995,15(2):138-146

本文利用实测降雨与径流小区资料对闽东南地区不同降雨类型的雨强等特点及其对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了分析；提出了６０分钟瞬时最大雨强为侵蚀性降雨指标，其指标在该地区为Ｉ６０≥９ｍｍ；建立了研究区年侵蚀力Ｒ值的简便算式，并根据谝绘制了研究区Ｒ值分布图。  相似文献   

黄土地区水土保持专家系统试验研究   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  

傅炜 《地理科学》1995,15(1):71-79

  相似文献   

晋西山区经济林资源综合开发研究     

韩素英  张云龙 《自然资源》1995,7(6):37-43

晋西山区红枣、核桃、仁用杏、苹果、梨、柿、山楂、花椒等经济林资源丰富，其产品在国内外均有一定影响。本文通过分析晋西山区经济林资源综合开发的内、外部因素以及开发现状和目前存在的主要问题，提出了相应的对策与种植模式，指出综合开发利用经济林资源，是发展经济、改善农业生态环境、改变晋西山区贫困落后面貌的根本措施。  相似文献   

兴国县土壤侵蚀变化的遥感监测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高彦华  汪宏清  周旭 《地球信息科学学报》2005,7(3):21-24

兴国县是南方红壤丘陵区水土流失最严重的地区之一,近20年的综合治理成效显著。为分析该时期县域内水土流失的变化趋势,并掌握其目前的水土流失状况,本文选用1987、1994和2000年的TM影像,采用基于NDVI 的动态监测和影像分类相结合的方法.对江西兴国县近20年水土流失的情况进行分析,定性与定量地反映兴国县水土流失的时空变化趋势,并结合地形因素进行交叉分析,获取水土流失的空间分布规律。兴国县水土流失变化分析结果表明:在水土流失面积方面,这3年中均呈减少趋势;在空间分布上,中南部和东部部分地区流失强度下降幅度较大,强度明显加剧的区域较少,除西南部的部分地区外,仅在县境边缘有零星分布。目前,水土流失主要分布在海拔500m以下和坡度20°以下的地区。  相似文献   

Soil erosion and its response to the changes of precipitation and vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

Wenyi?Sun  Quanqin?ShaoEmail author  Jiyuan?Liu 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(6):1091-1106

Soil erosion is a major threat to our terrestrial ecosystems and an important global environmental problem. The Loess Plateau in China is one of the regions that suffered more severe soil erosion and undergoing climate warming and drying in the past decades. The vegetation restoration named Grain-to-Green Program has now been operating for more than 10 years. It is necessary to assess the variation of soil erosion and the response of precipita- tion and vegetation restoration to soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. In the study, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） was applied to evaluate annual soil loss caused by water erosion. The results showed as follows. The soil erosion on the Loess Plateau between 2000 and 2010 averaged for 15.2 t hm-2 a 1 and was characterized as light for the value less than 25 t hm-2 a-1. The severe soil erosion higher than 25 t hm-2 a-~ was mainly distributed in the gully and hilly regions in the central, southwestern, and some scattered areas of earth-rocky mountainous areas on the Loess Plateau. The soil erosion on the Loess Plateau showed a deceasing trend in recent decade and reduced more at rates more than 1 t hm 2 a 1 in the areas suffering severe soil loss. Benefited from the improved vegetation cover and ecological construction, the soil erosion on the Loess Plateau was significantly declined, es- pecially in the east of Yulin, most parts of Yah＇an prefectures in Shaanxi Province, and the west of Luliang and Linfen prefectures in Shanxi Province in the hilly and gully regions. The variation of vegetation cover responding to soil erosion in these areas showed the relatively higher contribution than the precipitation. However, most areas in Qingyang and Dingxi pre- fectures in Gansu Province and Guyuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were predomi- nantly related to precipitation.  相似文献   

An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers     

Baozhu Pan  Zhaoyin Wang  Zhiwei Li  Guo-an Yu  Mengzhen Xu  Na Zhao  Gary Brierley 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):871-882

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.  相似文献   

210Pb ex示踪法技术原理及其在土壤侵蚀中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

胡菊芳  沙占江  马玉军  翟于乐  王求贵 《盐湖研究》2017,25(1):76-80

土壤侵蚀是全球性的环境问题之一,严重威胁到资源、环境和社会经济的可持续发展。应用核素示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀已成为当前该领域研究热点,它体现出了很多的优越性,并在今后研究中有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了~(210)Pb_(ex)的示踪原理,概述了~(210)Pb_(ex)在土壤侵蚀示踪研究中存在的关键性问题及其应用,并对其研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析   总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18  

姚华荣  杨志峰  崔保山 《地理研究》2006,25(3):421-429

利用ArcView3.2和ARC/INF08.1软件,通过图层叠加、统计分析和缓冲区分析等,提取西南纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域云南段的不同类型和强度的土壤侵蚀与地形坡度、土地利用/土地覆盖现状、土壤类型和分布、大雨日数以及河流、道路两侧的缓冲区等的相应数据,计算出土壤侵蚀综合度。结果表明,研究区不同坡度等级中,15°²5°坡度上的土壤侵蚀最强,其次为8°¹5°坡地和4°⁸°坡地;>25°坡地上则较小;不同用地类型的土壤侵蚀程度不同,总体上,旱耕坡地的土壤侵蚀较草地严重,而草地又较林地严重;在各种土壤类型中,黄壤和石灰土的土壤侵蚀最为突出,其次为红壤、黄棕壤和南方水稻土等;河流两侧和道路两侧的土壤侵蚀都较整个流域要严重,而河流两侧又略重于道路两侧;当多年平均大雨日数小于20日时,土壤侵蚀程度基本上随大雨日数的增加而增加;当大雨日数大于20日时,土壤侵蚀程度反而较小,原因在于前期大雨冲刷侵蚀,带走了地表的疏松物质。研究结果可为有针对性地防治水土流失、减少河流泥沙和水库淤积提供依据。  相似文献   

紫色土经济林栽培技术   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

邓白罗  谭振辉 《山地学报》2003,21(2):201-209

为了合理开发利用紫色土 ,保护生态环境 ,为紫色土经济林栽培提供实践指导 ,对紫色土经济林栽培技术进行了研究 测定了全垦、带垦、水平梯土、水平梯土撩壕、鱼鳞坑等 5种整地方法的土壤以及对照地 (不整地 )的土壤侵蚀量 ,观测了各种整地方法对经济林木生长发育的影响 ,同时 ,对栽植在紫色土和板页岩红壤上的经济林木的生长发育情况进行了对比 结果表明 :不同整地方法土壤侵蚀量按从大到小的顺序排列为全垦 (81 4t·hm-2a-1,以下单位均为t·h-2 a-1) >带垦 (63 6) >水平梯土 (3 8 7) >水平梯土撩壕 (3 1 8) >鱼鳞坑 (2 4 3 ) >对照(2 1 1) ;不同整地方法对经济林木生长发育的影响按由好到差的顺序排列为水平梯土撩壕、水平梯土、全垦、带垦、鱼鳞坑、对照 ;在一般抚育管理条件下 ,在紫色土坡地生长发育较好的树种或品种有板栗、枣树、杨梅、枇杷、萘李、甜柿、水蜜桃 ,生长发育一般的树种有茶树、无核蜜柑、柚子 ,生长发育较差的树种有脐橙、柑、葡萄 因此 ,在坡度不大 (<2 5°)的紫色土坡地营造经济林时 ,整地方法采用水平梯土撩壕为宜 ,栽培树种可选择板栗、枣树、杨梅、枇杷、萘李、甜柿、水蜜桃 ,还可选择无核蜜柑、茶树、柚子等  相似文献