近40 a来玛曲草原的气候生态特征     

李国军  张胜智  汪治桂  黄莹霞 《干旱气象》2007,23(3):34-38

利用趋势分析法、Mann-kendall非参数趋势检验法和小波分析法对玛曲县气象站近40 a的积温、日照时数进行统计分析,结果表明:积温年际变化呈增加趋势,≥0℃积温倾向率为59.5℃/10a,极值出现在16 a振荡周期的跃变点处;≥10℃积温倾向率为33.7℃/10 a,极小值出现在10 a振荡周期的跃变点处;积温初日日期有提前的趋势,积温终日日期有推迟的趋势;≥10℃积温强振荡中心对应的周期比≥0℃多2 a,次强振荡中心对应的周期少5~6 a,低频和高频振荡同时趋向增大;日照时数年际变化呈增加趋势,倾向率为40.2 h/10 a,极小值发生在16 a振荡周期跃变点左右。Spearman秩相关分析,光、热、水的正匹配特征明显,其中牧草生长季5~9月水热同步变化,6~7月光水同步变化。牧草生长状况应当从光、热、水三者的匹配关系考虑,降水正常、气温偏高、日照丰富是最有利于牧草生长的草原气候生态环境。  相似文献   

额济纳绿洲胡杨的光合特征及其对光强和CO2浓度的响应   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

常宗强  冯起  苏永红  吴雨霞  司建华  席海洋 《干旱区地理》2006,29(4):496-502

以额济纳绿洲胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv)为研究对象,用美国Li-cor公司生产的Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪测定其光合速率的日变化及控制光强、CO2浓度和温度等环境因子,阐述了光合速率对光强和CO2浓度的响应特征。结果表明:在生长季胡杨阳叶光合速率的日变化呈现双峰曲线,具有明显的光合“午休”现象,但胡杨阴叶光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线。光照、温度和CO2浓度皆对胡杨的光合作用有显著的影响。在控制环境条件下,光合速率随光强或CO2浓度的升高而增大,分别遵循Farquhar模型和Michaelis-Menten模型;在不同CO2浓度下,光饱和点随CO2浓度的升高而增大,表观量子效率和光补偿点则随CO2浓度的升高而减小,但在相同的CO2浓度条件下,阳叶的光补偿点高于阴叶;在不同光强下,表观羧化效率也随光的增强而增大。CO2补偿点随光强的增强而有所下降,且在同等光强条件下,阴叶的CO2补偿点大于阳叶。  相似文献   

北京地区一次小雪天气过程造成路面交通严重受阻的成因分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

孙继松  梁丰  陈敏  廖晓农 《大气科学》2003,27(6):1057-1066

通过对2001年12月7日降雪天气过程与历史同期降雪过程的比较以及对降雪过程中不同物理介质路面温度变化的观测研究表明,"12·7"北京地区路面交通严重受阻是由于特殊的时间、特殊的城市和特定的路面状况等多种非气象因素与"落雪成冰"的气象环境条件共同作用造成的.这种气象环境条件的形成是由于降雪过程中,雪面、路面与近地面大气之间复杂的热量交换和相互影响的结果:降雪开始时,由于雪片的吸热作用,造成路面和紧贴地面的大气温度下降,而近地面层气温的下降,反过来造成路面温度进一步降低,在两者的共同作用下,地表落雪迅速形成冰面.冰面的反射作用又进一步加速了气温、尤其是近地面层气温的下降,不断降低的气温使得冰层硬度加强、厚度迅速增加.作者还通过天气诊断和数值模拟分析,对这次降雪天气过程的物理机制进行了简单的讨论,认为这次降雪天气很可能是由对流层中层快速移动的高空槽、地面弱倒槽和近地面层弱的偏东气流共同影响而产生的.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物中吸附态轻烃的气相色谱分析     

饶竹  王亚平李松 祁鹏 《岩矿测试》2004,23(4):256-259

改进了可用于少量样品的酸解烃脱气装置，建立了毛细管柱气相色谱测定海洋沉积物中吸附态轻烃(酸解烃、顶空间轻烃)的方法，并用于大批量实际样品分析，结果良好。讨论了分析柱的优化以及定量分析等问题。方法的检测限(释放气)为0．048～0．78μL／L，精密度(RSD，n=10)为0．52％～0．98％。  相似文献   

The inhibitory effect of Negev Desert loess soil on the fast germinating caryopses of Schismus arabicus (Poaceae)     

Yitzchak Gutterman 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,54(4):619-631

This study examined dispersal units, caryopsis size groups, the inhibitory effect of loess soil on germination and the rate of germination of Schismus arabicus caryopses. Germination of small batches of the seeds from the large, long-lasting soil seed bank of S. arabicus contributes to its success as a very common annual plant in large areas of the Negev, under the unpredictable small amounts and distribution of rain. The lower the percentage of germinating caryopses on local loess soil, and the faster the speed of germination (from 4 h) of caryopses that do germinate, the higher is the chance of plants survival to reproduce.  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of two 3-D registration and modeling strategies     

Olli Jokinen  Henrik Haggrn 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》1998,53(6):320-341

The paper deals with the registration and modeling of multiple 3-D profile maps acquired from different viewpoints by light striping. We analyze the propagation of measurement and calibration errors to the registration parameters and further to the reconstructed model of the scene consisting of planar patches. The analysis is performed for two strategies. In the first strategy, the maps are registered simultaneously using the Levenberg–Marquardt method to update the registration parameters and the model computed afterwards while in the second one, the maps are registered sequentially against the model reconstructed up till then using the method of unit quaternions to update the registration parameters. Our statistical analysis thus combines the registration and modeling steps, and in registration, we determine the corresponding points either on the parametric domains of the maps or as closest points in 3-D using the information from the parametric domain to restrict the search for the closest points. We also point out the precise estimation of the covariance matrix of the solution given by the Levenberg–Marquardt method. We illustrate the results of our analysis with real data from a scale model of an urban area.  相似文献   

Application of light hydrocarbons (C₄–C₁₃) to oil/source rock correlations:: a study of the light hydrocarbon compositions of source rocks and test fluids from offshore Mid-Norway     

W. Odden  R.L. Patience  G.W. Van Graas 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,28(12):823-847

Relatively little work has been published on the correlation between the light hydrocarbon distributions in reservoir fluids and their proposed source rocks [Philippi, G. T. (1981)]. The aim of our work was to study this relationship in detail for samples from Mid-Norway. The main source rocks offshore Mid-Norway are the marine shales of the Late Jurassic Spekk Formation and the coals and paralic shales of the Early Jurassic Åre Formation. Reliable light hydrocarbon (C₄–C₁₃) data for source rock samples were acquired by thermal extraction-GC of the source rocks. Of these, notably the hydrocarbons in the C₆–C₈ range (routinely measured in test fluids) were used to discriminate between the Spekk and Åre Formation samples. A total of twenty-six samples from the Spekk Formation and twenty-four samples from the Åre Formation at different maturity levels and facies were analyzed. In general, the two source rock types differ in their light hydrocarbon composition by the presence of relatively more aromatics and cyclohexanes in the Åre samples, while the Spekk samples are richer in cyclopentanes and acyclic hydrocarbons. We show that source rock facies is a more important indicator of light hydrocarbon composition than maturity variation. Differences in the chemical composition, which can be used to discriminate between the two source rocks, were supported by differences in the carbon isotope composition of individual components of the same fraction, as determined by GHM-IR-MS analysis of eleven samples. Further, the light hydrocarbon compositions of reservoir fluids (oils and condensates) were compared with those for the source rock(s). Sixty-six gas chromatograms of oils and condensates, representing most of the known petroleum accumulations in Mid-Norway, were collected. Of these, five oil samples were selected for detailed isotopic analysis of individual components (GC-IR-MS). When using a classification scheme based on data from sediment samples, data for the light hydrocarbon fraction of oils and condensates indicate that the Spekk Formation is the dominant source for most of the fields from Mid-Norway, with a significant contribution from the Åre Formation being detected principally in one field. Differences in the chemical composition of the C₆–C₈ fractions were supported by differences in the carbon isotope composition of individual components, which also discriminate between the oils. Although the classification diagrams used in this study are based on source rock data from Mid-Norway, the method can be applied to other areas, providing that the diagrams are calibrated with source rock data from the area of interest.  相似文献   

基于GIS和RS的中国植被光利用率估算   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

朱文泉  陈云浩  潘耀忠  李京 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(8):694-698,714

基于GIS和RS介绍了利用地面气象数据和卫星遥感数据进行植被光利用率计算的方法 ,并以 1999年为例 ,根据不同植被类型所对应的最大光利用率 ,研究了中国植被的光利用率及其时空分布。结果表明 ,中国植被 1999年平均光利用率的取值范围在 0 .0 6～ 1.0 7gC·MJ-1之间 ,且标准差较大  相似文献   

悬浮物浓度对水下光照和初级生产力的影响   总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40       下载免费PDF全文

张运林  秦伯强  陈伟民  高光  陈宇炜 《水科学进展》2004,15(5):615-620

采用太湖湖泊生态系统研究站生态实验室的模拟生态槽进行水动力模拟实验研究(1999年5月8日～6月24日),探讨了水动力的扰动引起悬浮物的增加、改变水下光强的分布,并由此造成了初级生产力的变化.结果表明,无论是静止还是小水流、大水流状态,水下光强随深度都是按指数规律衰减;在静止状态下,槽水清澈见底,光衰减系数为1m-1左右,到小水流和大水流时,由于动力的扰动、悬浮物浓度的增加,光学衰减系数增加到2m-1和4m-1左右,真光层深度也由最初的4m降到2m、1m;对光学衰减系数、真光层深度与悬浮物浓度进行线性和幂函数回归,发现他们之间的相关性很好,反映了风浪扰动引起水中悬浮物增加是改变水下光照分布的主要原因;在静止状态下,由于槽水清澈,强光作用下表面存在光抑制现象,最大初级生产力出现在04～06m,其他情形光抑制很弱或基本上不存在,最大初级生产力出现在0～02m.  相似文献   

轻非水相液体在地下环境中的运移特征与模拟预测研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

郑德凤  赵勇胜  王本德 《水科学进展》2002,13(3):321-325

通过自行设计制备的二维砂箱模拟轻非水相液体(LNAPL)在湿润多孔介质中的渗漏,得出LNAPL在地下环境中的入渗、迁移及分布规律,并利用多相流体理论对其污染机理进行分析.在实验基础上建立模型来预测渗漏的基本特征,即渗流带中污染锋面扩展速度和透镜体的最终形状,预测结果与实测结果较为接近.这种预测模型对控制和治理地下水中LNAPL污染是至关重要的.  相似文献