Forestry as a streamflow reduction activity in South Africa: Discussion and evaluation of the proposed procedure for the assessment of afforestation permit applications in terms of water sustainability     

I. J. Van der Walt  A. Struwig  J. R. J van Rensburg 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):173-181

Commercial afforestation in South Africa dates back to the 1870s and started as an alternative to the fast disappearing indigenous timber resource. It involves the planting of exotic timber species and has impacts on water resources, soil biodiversity, landscapes, etc. Commercial afforestation of land has been subjected to regulation through the Afforestation Permit System (APS) since 1972, primarily to protect the national water resource. Since the APS no longer adequately dealt with afforestation regulation, it was replaced in 1999 with a procedure that was supposed to integrate the requirements of relevant legislation and general environmental management principles. This paper is a theoretical review of the background and development of the new South African Streamflow Reduction Activities licensing procedure, as well as whether it complies with the requirements of an environmental management system such as ISO 14001. The main conclusion is that the new procedure, although an improvement on the previous procedure, still has shortcomings especially with regard to the operational and decommissioning phases of forestry in South Africa. It is recommended that these aspects be addressed in order to mitigate the impact of forestry on water sustainability in South Africa. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

ISO9001:2000标准在测绘单位实施初探     

刘家祥 《安徽地质》2005,15(3):236-237

通过ISO9001质量管理体系标准的建立,着重讨论了体系建立、测绘质量和顾客三者之间的关系等方面内容.  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation and Comparison Study of the Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Chongyin  LING Jian  JIA Xiaolong  DONG Min 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2007,21(1):1-8

Daily mean outputs for 12 yr (1978-1989) from two general circulation models (SAMIL-R42L9 and CAM2.0.2) are analyzed and compared with the corresponding NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, and results in two models show clearly that the root-mean square errors (RMSEs) from the simulation of intraseasonal oscillation can take 30-40 percent of the total RMSE, particularly, the distributions of the RMSE in simulating intraseasonal oscillation are almost identical with that of the total RMSE. The maximum RMSE of intraseasonal oscillation height at 500 hPa is shown in the middle latitude regions, but there are also large RMSEs of intraseasonal oscillation wind over the tropical western Pacific and tropical Indian Oceans. The simulated ISO energy in the tropic has very large difference from the result of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset which means the simulation of tropical atmospheric ISO still possesses serious insufficiency. Therefore, intraseasonal oscillation in the weather and climate numerical simulation is very important, and thus, how to improve the ability of the GCM to simulate the intraseasonal oscillation becomes very significant.  相似文献   

地质图件数据库建库的新概念和新思维——浅谈贯彻ISO/DIS 19117地理信息图示表达国际标准的体会   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

邬宽廉  邬可筠 《地质通报》2007,26(5):620-624

在建立全国1∶250万地质图数据库工作中贯彻执行了ISO/DIS19117地理信息图示表达(Geographic information-Portray-al)国际标准,实现了图示属性与数据库和软件的完全脱离,从而达到了彻底甩掉系统库(子图库、符号库、线型库、色标库、花纹库、网纹库)的目标,大大简化了建库工作,并从根本上解决了图元属性与图示属性不一致的矛盾。  相似文献   

IMU/DGPS辅助航测技术在大比例尺航测成图中的应用   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

李学友  赵荣军  李英成  吕和平 《测绘科学》2006,31(1):60-61

为大大缩短成图周期、提高生产效率、降低成本,南京市国土资源局委托中国测绘科学研究院在国内首次采用IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量技术完成全市1000km2的数字正射影像图生产任务。本文以南京市数字正射影像图生产为例,对采用IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量技术能够达到的精度、可能遇到的问题(如GPS信号干扰、怎样划分加密分区等)以及经济性等进行分析,提出一套可用于大比例尺航测成图的IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量技术流程。  相似文献   

全球变暖背景下热带大气季节内振荡的变化特征及数值模拟     

刘芸芸  俞永强  何金海  张振国 《气象学报》2006,64(6):723-733

利用欧洲中期数值预报中心的ERA40再分析逐日的200 hPa风场资料,选取1958—1977年和1980—1999年各20年,对比分析了在全球变暖背景下前后两个时段热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的特征及其变化。研究表明:近20 a来,原来在赤道中太平洋上活跃的ISO减弱,而在中印度洋、孟加拉湾地区ISO变得活跃;全球变暖背景下,ISO的强度变化幅度加大,表明ISO更加活跃,且季节变化明显,冬、春季强,夏、秋季弱;对流层上层的纬向风能量更集中于1—3波,ISO的频率有加大的趋势。还利用中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG发展的耦合气候系统模式FGOALS-1.0g中的控制试验及其二氧化碳浓度加倍试验结果,分别对应实测资料的前后20年进行对比分析。发现模式对ISO的空间结构模拟较好,但低估了ISO的强度;时空谱分析表明模式结果中包含有更多的纬向风的高频成分,由于能量的分散,导致对ISO活动强度的低估。但通过对模式的控制试验和温室气体增加试验结果的对比分析,发现耦合模式还是较好地反映出在全球变暖背景下ISO在中印度洋、孟加拉湾地区变得活跃、频率加大等变化特征。  相似文献   

加强基础测绘管理、提高测绘产品质量     

刘俊杰  刘焕  王贵章 《测绘与空间地理信息》2001,24(2):28-30

文章分析了测绘产品质量存在的问题及其成因 ,由此总结出测绘质量管理工作的两个方面 ,并对加强这两个方面的工作进行了深入探讨 ,最后提出建立测绘项目管理数据库 ,运用现代化手段保障测绘主管部门的质量监督管理。  相似文献   

谈测绘单位的贯标认证     

朱妙珍  傅晓明 《地理信息世界》2000,(1)

ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准是国际公认的质量管理和质量保证统一标准,具有科学性、有效性、通用性的特点。贯彻ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准,是深化和发展单位管理规范、建立和完善质量体系的需要。通过贯标取得认证,可以提高测绘单位的知名度,取得用户的信任,在市场竞争中立于不败之地。  相似文献   

SWS-Detector Glitch Effect Correction     

E. Wieprecht  E. Wiezorrek  L. Haser 《Experimental Astronomy》2000,10(2-3):199-214

We describe how the ISO-SWS (Infrared Space Observatory – Short Wavelength Spectrometer) software packages detect various glitch events i.e. high energy particle hits effecting the SWS detectors. A rough classification of glitch types is given. The events cause an instantaneous change in the slope of the SWS detector read outs followed by a distortion of the further samples, so called glitch tails. As a consequence the S/N ratio and photometric accuracy are reduced.Different strategies, how to remove the resulting distortion of the detectorread-out-ramp after a hit, are presented. The methods of the basic SWS software packages, the Pipeline and Interactive Analysis, will be discussed. The Pipeline has to treat glitch effects automatically. The Interactive Analysis system provides the user with a comfortable Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Trend Analysis, detailed analysis of certain glitches and the testing of new algorithms.  相似文献   

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Meridional Wind Field over the Subtropical Northern Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

HAN Rongqing  LI Weijing  DONG Min 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(3):276-286

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I daily data from 1958 to 2002, climatic characteristics of the 30-60-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of the zonal wind (u), meridional wind (v), and geopotential height (h) over global areas and especially the ISO of v over the subtropical northern Pacific are analyzed using the space-time spectrum analysis and wavelet transform methods. The results show that the ISO of v is very different from those of u and h, with the former representing the meridional low-frequency disturbances, which are the most active in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes, but very weak in the tropics. In the subtropical Northern Hemisphere, the energies of the ISOs of u and h are both concentrated on the waves with wave number of 1 and periods of 30-60 days, while the main energy of the ISO of v is concentrated on the waves with wave numbers of 4-6 and periods of 30-60 and 70-90 days. The westward propagating energies for the 30-60-day oscillations of u, v, and h are all stronger than the eastward propagating energies in the subtropics. In addition, the ISO of v is the strongest (weakest) in summer (winter) over the subtropics of East Asia and northwestern Pacific, while the situation is reversed over the subtropical northeastern Pacific, revealing a "seesaw" of the ISO intensity with seasons over the subtropics from the northwestern to northeastern Pacific. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific, the interannual and interdecadal changes of the ISO for v at 850 hPa indicate that its activities are significantly strong during 1958 1975, while obviously weak during 1976-1990, and are the strongest during 1991-2000, and its spectral energy is obviously abnormal but ruleless during the ENSO periods. However, in the 2 7-yr bandpass filtering series, the interannual changes of the v ISO over the subtropical northwestern Pacific contain distinct ENSO signals. And in the 9-yr low-pass filtering series, the v ISO changes over the subtropical northwestern Pacific are significantly out of phase with the changes of the Ni(n)o -3.4 SST, whereas the v ISO changes in the subtropical northeastern Pacific are significantly in phase with the changes of the Ni(n)o-3.4 SST.  相似文献