Study of the influence of different organic pollutants on Cu accumulation by Halimione portulacoides     

C. Marisa R. Almeida  A. Claúdia Dias  Ana P. Mucha  A.A. Bordalo  M. Teresa S.D. Vasconcelos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The influence of each of four organic pollutants selected from among those commonly found in coastal areas, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), monobutyltin (MBT), Triton X-100 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on Cu accumulation by Halimione portulacoides was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory setting, either in hydroponics (sediment elutriate) or in a salt marsh sediment (Cávado River, NW Portugal) soaked in elutriate. Groups of H. portulacoides were exposed to media for 6 days spiked with 10 mg/L Cu(II) and with one of the selected pollutants, at an environmentally realistic concentration. DDE and MBT did not cause any major change on Cu accumulation by H. portulacoides, whereas PAHs slightly increased accumulation only in hydroponics i.e. in the absence of sediment. On the other hand, the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 markedly favoured Cu accumulation on plant roots both in the presence and absence of sediment. The addition of DDE, MBT and Triton X-100 also favoured Cu solubility from sediments. Therefore, the simultaneous presence of pollutants from different nature (inorganic and organic) in the estuarine environment may result in a composition of water column, pore water, sediment or biota different of that expected considering the effect of each individual pollutant.  相似文献   

贡嘎山海螺沟降雪中多环芳烃的短周期分布特征及来源分析     

余朝琦  何弦  曹银铃  周虹  刘斌  李崇瑛 《地球化学》2014,(4):358-364

2013年1月在贡嘎山海螺沟3个不同采样点共收集了多个雪样,利用GC-MS分析了雪样中16种优控多环芳烃的含量,探讨了多环芳烃的短周期分布特征与来源,估算了采样点与排放源的直线距离。结果显示,海螺沟各采样点雪样中多环芳烃的总含量在163.7 ng/L~281.4 ng/L之间,其中菲的含量最高。雪样中2~4环多环芳烃占多环芳烃总量的百分比为92.0%~93.7%,表明污染来自较远距离传输,但主要排放源离海螺沟的直线距离不超过357 km。将雪层与气象资料的降雪期对应,结果表明从2012年11月到2013年1月这个短周期内,海螺沟雪样受多环芳烃污染的程度没有太大变化。对海螺沟雪样中的多环芳烃进行了来源分析,结果表明海螺沟雪样中的多环芳烃主要来自煤燃烧,不排除少部分木材燃烧,这一源解析结果与海螺沟及其周边地区主要以煤炭作为燃料的能源特征相吻合。  相似文献   

Biological risk and pollution history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Nansha mangrove,South China     

Qihang Wu  Jonathan Y.S. Leung  Nora F.Y. Tam  Shejun Chen  Bixian Mai  Xizhen Zhou  Lihua Xia  Xinhua Geng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Chinese government has taken various measures to alleviate pollution caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region of Pearl River Delta since the economic reform in 1978, but the effectiveness of these measures remains largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the biological risk and pollution history of PAHs by measuring the concentrations of 28 PAHs in the surface and core sediments, respectively, in Nansha mangrove. Results found that the biological risk of PAHs was low without obvious spatial variation. The PAH concentration along the depth gradient indicated that PAH pollution was stabilized since the early 1990s while the source of PAHs has gradually changed from combustion of coal to petroleum products. This implied that the mitigation measures taken by the Chinese government were effective. Compared to marine bottom sediment, we propose that using mangrove sediment can provide a more accurate and precise estimate of pollution history of PAHs.  相似文献   

Application of spatial analysis and multivariate analysis techniques in distribution and source study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the topsoil of Beijing,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kaiyan Wang  Yating Shen  Shucai Zhang  Youbin Ye  Qiong Shen  Jundong Hu  Xuejun Wang 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1041-1050

Surface soil samples were collected from 161 sites throughout the downtown and suburban area of Beijing, China. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations. Through Kriging analysis, five heavily contaminated zones were identified in the study area. Sources of PAHs in the soil were apportioned using principal factor analysis and multiple linear regression. Three factors were identified representing coal combustion/vehicle emission, coking emission, and petroleum sources, respectively. The relative contributions of the three sources were 48% for coal/vehicle emission, 28% for coking emission, and 24% for petroleum sources. The contributions of total PAHs from the three sources were 16.4, 4.63 and 3.70 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Spatial analysis indicated that the contribution of coal/vehicle sources was higher in the downtown area than in the suburban area, the petroleum sources had a high contribution in the urban area, and the contribution of coking sources was high in the suburban area. The results indicated that PAH contamination in the surface soil in Beijing was closely related to the spatial characteristics of energy consumption and functional zoning. Improvement of the energy consumption structure and relocation of industries with heavy pollution are effective ways to control PAH contamination in surface soil in the area.  相似文献   

Phase distribution of hydrocarbons in the water column after a pelagic deep ocean oil spill     

Saioa Elordui-Zapatarietxe  Núria Moraleda  Joan Albaigés 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1667-1673

Spills from wrecks are a potential major source of pollution in the deep ocean. However, not much is known about the fate of a spill at several kilometers depth, beyond the oceans continental shelves. Here, we report the phase distribution of hydrocarbons released from the wrecks of the Prestige tanker, several years after it sank in November 2002 to depths between 3500 and 3800 m. The released oil reached the surface waters above the wrecks without any signs of weathering and leaving an homogenous signature throughout the water column. At depths of several kilometers below the sea surface, the occurrence and spread of the deep sea oil spill could be evaluated better by quantifying and characterizing the dissolved hydrocarbon signature, rather than just the investigation of hydrocarbons in the suspended particulate matter.  相似文献   

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bank Soils and River Sediments From the Middle Reaches of the Huaihe River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Jiamei Zhang  Guijian Liu  Ruwei Wang  Jingjing Liu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(8):1207-1214

  相似文献   

北京市东南郊不同灌区表层土壤中PAHs来源解析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石钰婷  何江涛  金爱芳 《现代地质》2011,25(2):393-400

采用正三角形布点法在北京市东南郊污灌区、再生水灌区、清灌区分别进行了3个表土的样品采集,采样间隔为1 m,共采集9个样品,分别测试了样品中16种多环芳烃的质量分数。测试结果表明：大部分PAHs在3个灌区表土中均有检出,污灌区除了蒽和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;再生水灌区除二氢苊和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;清灌区16种PAHs均有检出。其中,污灌区的Σ_PAHs大约为730 μg/kg,再生水灌区Σ_PAHs大约为207 μg/kg,清灌区PAHs大约为43 μg/kg。分别利用比值法、聚类分析法和主成分分析法对研究区土壤中PAHs的可能来源进行解析,通过比值法和聚类分析法可以得出：污灌区表土PAHs污染主要来源于石油源,而再生水灌区和清灌区的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源。由主成分分析法可以定量地计算出各个污染源对PAHs的贡献率：在污灌区采样点,燃烧源/汽车尾气和焦炭源/石油源的贡献率分别为30％和70％;在再生水灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧、汽车尾气的排放和部分石油源的输入,贡献率分别为83.2％和16.8％;在清灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧和汽车尾气的排放,贡献率分别为83.6％和16.4％。  相似文献   

PAHs contamination and bacterial communities in mangrove surface sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tian Y  Liu HJ  Zheng TL  Kwon KK  Kim SJ  Yan CL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):707-715

Sixteen sediment samples collected from eight transects in a mangrove swamp of the Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China were investigated for their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the biodegradation potential of the indigenous microorganisms. The bacterial community structures in the mangrove sediments and in enrichment cultures were also investigated. The results showed that the total PAHs concentration of mangrove sediments ranged from 280 to 1074 ng g(-1) dry weight, that the PAHs composition pattern in the mangrove sediments was dominated by high molecular weight PAH components (4-6 rings), and that Benzo[ghi]perylene and Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the most dominant at different stations. Abundant PAH-degrading bacteria were found in all the stations, the values of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.85 x 10(4) to 7.80 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, fluoranthene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 5.79 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 3.10 x 10(4) to 6.97 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight and the benzo(a)pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 7.26 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight. DGGE analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to the addition of the different model PAH compound phenanthrene (three ring PAH), fluoranthene(four ring PAH), pyrene(four ring PAH) and benzo(a)pyrene(five ring PAH) during enrichment batch culture. Eleven strains were obtained with different morphology and different degradation ability. The presence of common bands for microbial species in the cultures and in the native mangrove sediment DNA indicated that these strains could be potential in situ PAH-degraders.  相似文献   

Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inputs from the Rhône River to the Mediterranean Sea in relation with the hydrological cycle: impact of floods     

Sicre MA  Fernandes MB  Pont D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(11):1935-1942

The concentrations of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in waters of the Rhône River (France) every fortnight for a full calendar year, from June 1994 to May 1995. All flood events occurring over the course of the experiment were sampled at higher frequency to better quantify the impact of these extreme hydrological episodes on the annual export of PAHs to the Mediterranean Sea. This time-series indicates that more than 90% of the annual load of particulate PAHs is transported during flood episodes, with 77% discharged during the course of only one extreme flood event occurring in November 1994. During these intense events, riverine particles are depleted in PAHs while at low river discharge particles are PAH-enriched. Dissolved PAHs were less variable and less abundant than adsorbed PAHs, consistently with the low solubility of these compounds.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from rural household biomass burning in a typical Chinese village     

HaiLin Wang  YaHui Zhuang  ZhengPing Hao  MeiQiu Cao  JinXian Zhong  XiaoKe Wang  Thi Kim Oanh Nguyen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(7):1013-1020

Biomass energy sources are still popular in the rural areas of developing countries for cooking and space heating. Since the incomplete combustion of agricultural residues in home-made ranges might lead to both outdoor and indoor air pollution and cause potential health threat to the rural population, we monitored the ambient levels of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at a typical rural site. Ambient particulate PAH samples (PM2.5 and PM10) were taken during both cooking and non-cooking periods. Source emission monitoring was also conducted for both improved and tra- ditional cooking stoves used in the area. Ambient PAHs had a significant increase during the cooking periods and varied from 72.1 to 554.4 ng/m3. The highest total PAH levels were found during the supper cooking time, in which five- and six-ring species accounted for a large proportion. The observed PAH levels during cooking periods at this rural site were even higher than those in urban areas. A good correlation was found between the benzo[a]pyrene level and the total PAH concentration (r=0.98), making benzo[a]pyrene a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution in the rural areas, where bio- mass burning is typical. The profiles of the particulate PAHs in both ambient air and source emissions showed a high proportion of high molecular-mass PAHs. In addition, emission factors of 16 PAHs from an improved household stove were found to be significantly lower than those from traditional stoves used in China and in other Asian countries.  相似文献