星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在形变监测中的应用概述   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

马超  单新建 《中国地震》2004,20(4):410-418

本文综述了地球表面形变的主要类型(包括开采沉陷、地表沉降、地壳运动、地震形变、火山运动、冰川运动及山体滑坡等)及其在我国的分布状况，结合合成孔径雷达干涉测量(包括InSAR及D-InSAR，统称InSAR技术)的技术原理及特点，介绍了国内外InSAR技术近年来在形变监测领域的应用与发展。通过与传统形变监测及GPS监测技术的对比后指出，由于InSAR特有的技术特点，使其在各类形变监测应用中具有传统方法无可比拟的技术优势，必将对形变监测的发展起到极大的推动作用。  相似文献   

Experimental study on reduction of U (VI) by an anaerobic bacterium, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shewanella putrefaciens</Emphasis>: Application to sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits,China     

Maozhong Min  Huifang Xu  L. L. Barton  Xinjian Peng  Lin Yin  Rucheng Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):346-352

An experimental study on reduction of U (VI) by anaerobic bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens, is first reported here in China. The experimental conditions were: 35°C and pH= 7.0-7.4, corresponding to a physicochemical environments in which the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposit formed in Northwest China’s Xinjiang. Bacteria adopted in the present experiment, Shewanella putrefaciens, occur extensively in natural environment. Our study shows that nano-crystal precipitates of uraninite quickly occurred on the surface of the cells within one week. It was found that the pitchblende was characterized by a random arrangement of uraninite nanocrystals (2-4 nm) in it, significantly different from natural pitchblende in which uraninite nanocrystals are arranged in order. Finally, a possible mechanism of uranium biomineralization by microorganisms in the deposits is discussed. Our investigation may supply a technical train of thoughts for bioremediation of nuclear-contaminated water environments and for underground dissolving extraction of the sandstone-hosted uranium ores.  相似文献   

Inductive Strain Digit Measuring Device with single Chip Microcomputer Using Random Quantization Process     

Tang Xinjian  Li Chu 《岩土力学》1989,10(1):67-78

An inductive strain digit measuring device with 8031 single chip microcomputer has been designed high resolution. In this paper, the problem about random quantization is discussed. Random quantization is used to improve accuracy of computation. State method and interruptable subroutine nesting technique are applied to the soft desing. The testing results show that the device structure described in this paper is rational enough to satisfy the technical requirement of measurement.  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry and isotope compositions of groundwater from the Shihongtan sandstone-hosted uranium deposit, Xinjiang, NW China     

Maozhong Min  Xinjian Peng  Xianlin Zhou  Haiming Qiao  Jinping Wang  Li Zhang 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2007,93(2):91-108

Groundwaters and surface water in the Shihongtan sandstone-hosted U ore district, Xinjiang, NW China, were sampled and analyzed for their major-, and trace element concentrations and oxygen, hydrogen, boron and strontium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The waters in the study district have been grouped into three hydrochemical facies: Facies 1, potable spring-water, is a pH neutral (7.0), Na–Ca–HCO₃ type water with low total dissolved solids (TDS; 0.2 g/l, fresh) and has δ¹⁸O of − 8.3‰, δD of − 48.2‰,δ¹¹B of 1.5‰, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.70627. Facies 2 groundwaters are mildly acidic to mildly alkaline (pH of 6.5–8.0, mean 7.3), Na–Ca–Mg–Cl–SO₄ type waters with moderate TDS (8.2 g/l–17.2 g/l, mean 9.3 g/l, brackish) and haveδ¹⁸O values in the − 5.8‰ to − 9.3‰ range (mean − 8.1‰), δD values in the − 20.8‰ to − 85.5‰ range (mean − 47.0‰),δ¹¹B values in the + 9.5‰ to + 39.1‰ range (mean + 17.1‰), and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values in the 0.70595 to 0.70975 range (mean 0.70826). Facies 3, Aiting Lake water, is a mildly alkaline (pH = 7.4), Na–Ca–Mg–Cl–SO₄ type water with the highest TDS (249.1 g/l, brine) and has δ¹⁸O of − 2.8‰, δD of − 45.8‰,δ¹¹B of 21.2‰, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.70840. The waters from the study district show a systematic increase in major, trace element and TDS concentrations and δ¹¹B values along the pathway of groundwater migration which can only be interpreted in terms of water–rock interaction at depth and strong surface evaporation. The hydrochemical and isotopic data presented here confirm that the groundwaters in the Shihongtan ore district are the combined result of migration, water–rock interaction and mixing of meteoric water with connate waters contained in sediments.  相似文献   

人工增雨火箭发射仰角及用弹量的估算          下载免费PDF全文

王志强 易亮袁文良  祝新建王志刚 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(B09):148-150

根据南阳气象观测站探空资料及AgI在云中成核率与温度的关系，确定了豫南BL-1型火箭人工增雨可播云体的判别标准、火箭发射仰角及火箭用弹量。  相似文献   

不同土壤水分处理下冬小麦生理要素变化分析     

Zhang Hongwei  Zhu Xinjian  Yan Xiaozhen  Li Wei 《河南气象》2007,(Z1)

对不同土壤水分条件处理下冬小麦各生理要素的变化特征分析发现,在灌浆高峰阶段,随着土壤水分的增加,冬小麦的光合速率显著加快,平均值在土壤水分含量偏大处理下较土壤水分含量小处理下高5.91μmol.m-2.s-1,气孔传导速率高0.1591 g.mmo1.m-2.s-1,叶片蒸腾速率高0.0034 g.m-2.h-1,叶片温度偏低0.95℃,胞间二氧化碳浓度高44.5 mg.cm-3,气孔阻力偏低2.419 s.cm-1。小麦灌浆期间,充足的土壤水分保证可以有效延长叶片的生理功能,提高小麦产量。  相似文献   

Monitoring Soil Salt Content Using HJ-1A Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Rudong County,Eastern China     

LI Jianguo  PU Lijie  ZHU Ming  DAI Xiaoqing  XU Yan  CHEN Xinjian  ZHANG Lifang  ZHANG Runsen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2015,(2):213-223

Hyperspectral data are an important source for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale. However, in previous studies, barriers such as interference due to the presence of vegetation restricted the precision of mapping soil salt content. This study tested a new method for predicting soil salt content with improved precision by using Chinese hyperspectral data, Huan Jing-Hyper Spectral Imager(HJ-HSI), in the coastal area of Rudong County, Eastern China. The vegetation-covered area and coastal bare flat area were distinguished by using the normalized differential vegetation index at the band length of 705 nm(NDVI705). The soil salt content of each area was predicted by various algorithms. A Normal Soil Salt Content Response Index(NSSRI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance(CR-reflectance) at wavelengths of 908.95 nm and 687.41 nm to predict the soil salt content in the coastal bare flat area(NDVI705 < 0.2). The soil adjusted salinity index(SAVI) was applied to predict the soil salt content in the vegetation-covered area(NDVI705 ≥ 0.2). The results demonstrate that 1) the new method significantly improves the accuracy of soil salt content mapping(R2 = 0.6396, RMSE = 0.3591), and 2) HJ-HSI data can be used to map soil salt content precisely and are suitable for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale.  相似文献   

Statistics of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis> Relationship for Strong Convective Weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin and Its Application to Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation for a Heavy Rain Event     

Xue Fang  Aimei Shao  Xinjian Yue  Weicheng Liu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(4):598-611

The relationship between the radar reflectivity factor (Z) and the rainfall rate (R) is recalculated based on radar observations from 10 Doppler radars and hourly rainfall measurements at 6529 automatic weather stations over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The data were collected by the National 973 Project from June to July 2013 for severe convective weather events. The Z–R relationship is combined with an empirical q_r–R relationship to obtain a new Z–q_r relationship, which is then used to correct the observational operator for radar reflectivity in the three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve the analysis and prediction of severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The performance of the corrected reflectivity operator used in the WRF 3DVar data assimilation system is tested with a heavy rain event that occurred over Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and the surrounding regions on 23 June 2013. It is noted that the observations for this event are not included in the calculation of the Z–R relationship. Three experiments are conducted with the WRF model and its 3DVar system, including a control run without the assimilation of reflectivity data and two assimilation experiments with the original and corrected reflectivity operators. The experimental results show that the assimilation of radar reflectivity data has a positive impact on the rainfall forecast within a few hours with either the original or corrected reflectivity operators, but the corrected reflectivity operator achieves a better performance on the rainfall forecast than the original operator. The corrected reflectivity operator extends the effective time of radar data assimilation for the prediction of strong reflectivity. The physical variables analyzed with the corrected reflectivity operator present more reasonable mesoscale structures than those obtained with the original reflectivity operator. This suggests that the new statistical Z–R relationship is more suitable for predicting severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin than the Z–R relationships currently in use.  相似文献   

Statistics of the Z–R Relationship for Strong Convective Weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Basin and Its Application to Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation for a Heavy Rain Event     

Xue FANG  Aimei SHAO  Xinjian YUE  Weicheng LIU 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2018,(4)

The relationship between the radar reflectivity factor(Z) and the rainfall rate(R) is recalculated based on radar observations from 10 Doppler radars and hourly rainfall measurements at 6529 automatic weather stations over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The data were collected by the National 973 Project from June to July 2013 for severe convective weather events. The Z–R relationship is combined with an empirical qr–R relationship to obtain a new Z–qr relationship, which is then used to correct the observational operator for radar reflectivity in the three-dimensional variational(3 DVar) data assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model to improve the analysis and prediction of severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin. The performance of the corrected reflectivity operator used in the WRF 3 DVar data assimilation system is tested with a heavy rain event that occurred over Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and the surrounding regions on 23 June 2013. It is noted that the observations for this event are not included in the calculation of the Z–R relationship. Three experiments are conducted with the WRF model and its 3 DVar system, including a control run without the assimilation of reflectivity data and two assimilation experiments with the original and corrected reflectivity operators. The experimental results show that the assimilation of radar reflectivity data has a positive impact on the rainfall forecast within a few hours with either the original or corrected reflectivity operators, but the corrected reflectivity operator achieves a better performance on the rainfall forecast than the original operator. The corrected reflectivity operator extends the effective time of radar data assimilation for the prediction of strong reflectivity. The physical variables analyzed with the corrected reflectivity operator present more reasonable mesoscale structures than those obtained with the original reflectivity operator. This suggests that the new statistical Z–R relationship is more suitable for predicting severe convective weather over the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin than the Z–R relationships currently in use.  相似文献   

统计模型与滤波算法的地表温度重建方法探讨     

臧琳  宋冬梅  甘宇亮  单新建  崔建勇  邵红梅  沈晨 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):11-17

针对当前基于被动微波遥感重建地表温度的统计方法难以实现大面积复杂下垫面区域数值重建的问题,提出了基于统计模型与滤波算法联合的地表温度重建方法。从时间序列角度探索地表温度与地表亮温的相关性,建立二者之间的统计模型,不需要进行地物分类,能有效避免下垫面复杂度对重建精度的影响;遍历像元,实现对大面积区域的数值重建。此外,采用滤波算法对基于统计模型的结果进行改正,利用地表温度时间序列的周期性进一步控制反演误差。针对MODIS地表温度产品重建的实验结果表明:所提算法精度明显提高,可用于各类下垫面覆盖区域的地表温度重建。  相似文献